Phenolic predictors for Norway spruce resistance to the bark beetle Ips typographus (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) and an associated fungus, Ceratocystis polonica

Changes in phloem phenolic content of Norway spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.) clones were followed during the first 12 days of the reaction induced by phloem artificial inoculation with Ceratocystis polonica Siem., a bark beetle (Ips typographus L.) associated fungus. The aim was to confirm our previous results concerning the mechanisms of this reaction and the possible predictors of Norway spruce resistance to bark beetles and their associated fungi. The induced reaction was characterized by a slight decrease of tanning ability and an increase of (+)-catechin concentration, which confirmed our previous observations. The relative resistance of the clones was first predicted using the predictors previously proposed. In addition, the first axis of the principal component analysis describing the phenolic content of all clones was used as a synthetic predictor (resistance axis). Related variables were also tested as predictors. Actual resistance of each clone was then measured, using mass inoculations of C. polonica, and was compared with the predictions. Four predictors were so validated: the resistance axis, tanning ability and isorhapontin concentration in uninoculated phloem, and (+)-catechin concentration in the phloem 6 days after its inoculation. Phloem phenolic composition could thus be used to predict Norway spruce resistance to bark beetles and their associated fungi.

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Antioxidant defences of Norway spruce bark against bark beetles and its associated blue-stain fungus

Agricultura ◽

10.1515/agricultura-2016-0002 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 12 (1-2) ◽

pp. 9-18

Author(s):

Mateja Felicijan ◽

Metka Novak ◽

Nada Kraševec ◽

Andreja Urbanek Krajnc

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Inducible Defences ◽

Defence Mechanisms ◽

Spruce Bark ◽

Blue Stain ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica

Abstract Bark beetles and their fungal associates are integral parts of forest ecosystems, the European spruce bark beetle (Ips typographus Linnaeus, 1758) and the associated pathogenic blue stain fungus Ceratocystis polonica (SIEM.) C. MOREAU, are the most devastating pests regarding Norway spruce [Picea abies (L.) H. KARST.]. Bark beetles commonly inhabit weakened and felled trees as well as vital trees. They cause physiological disorders in trees by destroying a phloem and cambium or interrupt the transpiration -ow in the xylem. Conifers have a wide range of effective defence mechanisms that are based on the inner bark anatomy and physiological state of the tree. The basic function of bark defences is to protect the nutrient-and energy-rich phloem, the vital meristematic region of the vascular cambium, and the transpiration -ow in the sapwood. The main area of defence mechanisms is secondary phloem, which is physically and chemically protected by polyphenolic parenchyma (PP) cells, sclerenchyma, calcium oxalate crystals and resin ducts. Conifer trunk pest resistance includes constitutive, inducible defences and acquired resistance. Both constitutive and inducible defences may deter beetle invasion, impede fungal growth and close entrance wounds. During a successful attack, systemic acquired resistance (SAR) becomes effective and represents a third defence strategy. It gradually develops throughout the plant and provides a systemic change within the whole tree’s metabolism, which is maintained over a longer period of time. The broad range of defence mechanisms that contribute to the activation and utilisation of SAR, includes antioxidants and antioxidant enzymes, which are generally linked to the actions of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The presented review discusses the current knowledge on the antioxidant defence strategies of spruce inner bark against the bark beetle (Ips typographus) and associated blue stain fungus (Ceratocystis polonica).

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Flavan-3-ols in Norway Spruce: Biosynthesis, Accumulation, and Function in Response to Attack by the Bark Beetle-Associated Fungus Ceratocystis polonica

PLANT PHYSIOLOGY ◽

10.1104/pp.113.232389 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 164 (4) ◽

pp. 2107-2122 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Almuth Hammerbacher ◽

Christian Paetz ◽

Louwrance P. Wright ◽

Thilo C. Fischer ◽

Joerg Bohlmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

And Function ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica

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Exogenous application of methyl jasmonate elicits defenses in Norway spruce (Picea abies) and reduces host colonization by the bark beetle Ips typographus

Oecologia ◽

10.1007/s00442-006-0394-3 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 148 (3) ◽

pp. 426-436 ◽

Cited By ~ 104

Author(s):

Nadir Erbilgin ◽

Paal Krokene ◽

Erik Christiansen ◽

Gazmend Zeneli ◽

Jonathan Gershenzon

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Host Colonization ◽

Exogenous Application

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Methyl jasmonate treatment of mature Norway spruce (Picea abies) trees increases the accumulation of terpenoid resin components and protects against infection by Ceratocystis polonica, a bark beetle-associated fungus

Tree Physiology ◽

10.1093/treephys/26.8.977 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 26 (8) ◽

pp. 977-988 ◽

Cited By ~ 105

Author(s):

G. Zeneli ◽

P. Krokene ◽

E. Christiansen ◽

T. Krekling ◽

J. Gershenzon

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Methyl Jasmonate ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Methyl Jasmonate Treatment ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica

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Pre-treatment with salicylic acid induces phenolic responses of Norway spruce (Picea abies) bark to bark beetle (Ips typographus) attack

Trees ◽

10.1007/s00468-016-1438-x ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 30 (6) ◽

pp. 2117-2129 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mateja Felicijan ◽

Janja Kristl ◽

Andreja Urbanek Krajnc

Keyword(s):

Salicylic Acid ◽

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Pre Treatment

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Natural regeneration and vegetation changes in wet spruce forests after natural and artificial disturbances

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x07-062 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 37 (10) ◽

pp. 1907-1914 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Magda Jonášová ◽

Ivona Matějková

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Natural Regeneration ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Tree Regeneration ◽

Vegetation Changes ◽

Natural Disturbances ◽

Spruce Forests ◽

The Impact

An extensive area of Norway spruce ( Picea abies (L.) Karst.) forests in the Šumava Mountains, Central Europe, has been affected by a massive bark beetle ( Ips typographus L.) outbreak since the mid-1990s. One part of the area was left without intervention and two types of intervention have been applied in other parts: (1) the classical forest approach, based on the logging of attacked trees and (2) “sanitation”, in which attacked trees were cut down, debarked, and left lying in the stand. The main goal of our research was to test the impact of nonintervention and both types of intervention on the regeneration of the Norway spruce forests. The Norway spruce forests influenced by natural disturbances (bark beetle outbreak and windfalls) regenerated very well if left without intervention. The bark beetle outbreaks and windfalls do not represent a threat to the long-term persistence of the forests. Clearcuts resulted in formation of pioneer stages with a postponed spruce regeneration. In sanitation plots, the reduction of both previous vegetation and tree regeneration was obvious. Generally, both interventions against bark beetle delayed the recovery of Norway spruce forests.

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Ophiostomatoid fungi associated with Ips typographus (L.) on Picea abies [(L.) H. Karst.] and Pinus sylvestris L. in north-eastern Poland

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae ◽

10.5586/asbp.2005.043 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 74 (4) ◽

pp. 345-350 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

Robert Jankowiak ◽

Jacek Hilszczański

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Pinus Sylvestris ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Scots Pine ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Ophiostomatoid Fungi ◽

Spruce Bark Beetle ◽

Spruce Bark ◽

North Eastern

This study dealt with the species distribution and frequency of ophiostomatoid fungi associated with the bark beetle Ips typographus on Norway spruce and Scots pine in north-eastern Poland. At all locations high spruce bark beetle damage has occurred in 2002-2003. Fungi were isolated from beetles and from brood systems of trees infested by the spruce bark beetle. The ophiostomatoid fungi were represented by 13 species. A similar spectrum of ophiostomatoid fungi as that recorded from Picea abies was associated with I. typographus on Pinus sylvestris trees. The most frequent ophiostomatoid species isolated from beetles, phloem and sapwood of Norway spruce were O. bicolor and O. penicillatum. The frequency of occurrence of ophiostomatoid fungi varied significantly among the examined locations. O. bicolor was the most frequently found species on Scots pine infested by I. typographus. The potential role of ophiostomatoid fungi in the epidemiology of I. typographus is discussed. Additionally, we also recorded how the ophiostomatoid fungi associated with spruce bark beetle could grow into phloem and sapwood of Pinus sylvestris trees.

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Mite communities (Acari, Mesostigmata) associated with Ips typographus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) in managed and natural Norway spruce stands in Central Europe

Open Life Sciences ◽

10.2478/s11535-012-0070-z ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 910-916 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Dariusz Gwiazdowicz ◽

Jacek Kamczyc ◽

Ewa Teodorowicz ◽

Jerzy Błoszyk

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetle ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Management Practices ◽

Mite Species ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Ne Poland ◽

Set Up ◽

Mite Communities ◽

The Impact

AbstractPrevious studies have suggested that forest management practices can influence bark beetle populations as well as those of some associated insects. However, the impact on bark beetle-associated mites, which occur in bark beetle galleries in large numbers, have not yet been studied. The objective of this study was to compare mesostigmatid mite communities associated with the Norway spruce pest Ips typographus in managed and natural forest stands separated by spruce-free belt. The study sites were located in Białowieża National Park (NE Poland) as well as in the Izery Mountains (Szklarska Poręba Forest District — SW Poland), which were destroyed in 1981–1987 by an ecological disaster. In total, 30 Borregard pipe traps containing the commercial attractant Ipsodor W (Chemipan, Poland) were set up at each study site and collected in August 2010. In total, 7214 bark beetles and 1804 mites were collected which were classified into 16 species. We observed differences in the total abundance of mites as well as the total number of recorded mite species. The communities were quite similar, and were generally dominated by populations of Trichouropoda polytricha, Dendrolaelaps quadrisetus and Uroobovella ipidis. The Shannon and Evenness indexes as well as the mean number of mites per sample were not significantly different between forests.

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Induced wound response of Norway spruce Picea abies P. Karst. after artificial inoculation by imagoes of Ips typographus

Journal of Forest Science ◽

10.17221/4713-jfs ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 49 (No. 9) ◽

pp. 403-411

Author(s):

L. Jankovský ◽

D. Novotný ◽

R. Mrkva

Keyword(s):

Picea Abies ◽

Norway Spruce ◽

Bark Beetles ◽

Ips Typographus ◽

Wound Response ◽

The Other ◽

Artificial Infection ◽

Vascular Pathogens ◽

Host Tissues ◽

Ceratocystis Polonica

Inoculation experiments were carried out on a set of trees with imagoes of Ips typographus L. which origin from the &Scaron;umava Mts. and the Křtiny Training Enterprise. The objective of back inoculations was to determine whether species found on the surface of Ips typographus imagoes spread after the inoculation also through host tissues. It the vicinity of inoculation by Ips typographus imagoes, marked necrotic zones are evident including symptoms of the penetration of vascular pathogens through phloem and sapwood. The most marked reactions were observed in case of inoculation by an untreated Ips typographus imago. Treatment of Ips typographus imagoes by Ibefungin and Fundazol preparations did not demonstrate expected effects in full scale. The spores of several ophiostomoid fungi like Ceratocystis polonica (Siem.) C. Moreau were observed on the surface of bark beetles and at the same time were re-isolated from wounds inoculated by Ips typographus imagoes. The other fungi like Ophiostoma bicolor Davidson & Wells, Leptographium cf. lundbergii Lagerberg & Melin., Pezicula eucrita Karst., Phomopsis sp. and other were found in wounds with the imagoes artificial infection.    

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