A role for transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 cation channel (TRPA1) in airway hyper-responsiveness?

2015 ◽  
Vol 93 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aruni Jha ◽  
Pawan Sharma ◽  
Vidyanand Anaparti ◽  
Min H. Ryu ◽  
Andrew J. Halayko
Keyword(s):  
Airway Inflammation ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Cation Channel ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Airway Narrowing ◽  
Airway Caliber ◽  
Transient Receptor

Airway smooth muscle (ASM) contraction controls the airway caliber. Airway narrowing is exaggerated in obstructive lung diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The mechanism by which ASM tone is dysregulated in disease is not clearly understood. Recent research on ion channels, particularly transient receptor potential cation channel, subfamily A, member 1 (TRPA1), is uncovering new understanding of altered airway function. TRPA1, a member of the TRP channel superfamily, is a chemo-sensitive cation channel that can be activated by a variety of external and internal stimuli, leading to the influx of Ca2+. Functional TRPA1 channels have been identified in neuronal and non-neuronal tissues of the lung, including ASM. In the airways, these channels can regulate the release of mediators that are markers of airway inflammation in asthma and COPD. For, example, TRPA1 controls cigarette-smoke-induced inflammatory mediator release and Ca2+ mobilization in vitro and in vivo, a response tied to disease pathology in COPD. Recent work has revealed that pharmacological or genetic inhibition of TRPA1 inhibits the allergen-induced airway inflammation in vitro and airway hyper-responsiveness (AHR) in vivo. Collectively, it appears that TRPA1 channels may be determinants of ASM contractility and local inflammation control, positioning them as part of novel mechanisms that control (patho)physiological function of airways and ASM.

scholarly journals Novel role of transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 in the regulation of cardiac performance

2014 ◽  
Vol 306 (4) ◽  
pp. H574-H584 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack Rubinstein ◽  
Valerie M. Lasko ◽  
Sheryl E. Koch ◽  
Vivek P. Singh ◽  
Vinicius Carreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Function ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Systolic And Diastolic Function ◽  
Myocyte Contractility

Transient receptor potential cation channels have been implicated in the regulation of cardiovascular function, but only recently has our laboratory described the vanilloid-2 subtype (TRPV2) in the cardiomyocyte, though its exact mechanism of action has not yet been established. This study tests the hypothesis that TRPV2 plays an important role in regulating myocyte contractility under physiological conditions. Therefore, we measured cardiac and vascular function in wild-type and TRPV2−/− mice in vitro and in vivo and found that TRPV2 deletion resulted in a decrease in basal systolic and diastolic function without affecting loading conditions or vascular tone. TRPV2 stimulation with probenecid, a relatively selective TRPV2 agonist, caused an increase in both inotropy and lusitropy in wild-type mice that was blunted in TRPV2−/− mice. We examined the mechanism of TRPV2 inotropy/lusitropy in isolated myocytes and found that it modulates Ca2+ transients and sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ loading. We show that the activity of this channel is necessary for normal cardiac function and that there is increased contractility in response to agonism of TRPV2 with probenecid.

scholarly journals Standardized Extract of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae Ameliorates Coughing and Increases Expectoration of Phlegm

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (13) ◽  
pp. 3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hee-Sung Chae ◽  
Sun Young Kim ◽  
Pisey Pel ◽  
Jungmoo Huh ◽  
Sun-Woo Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Acute Bronchitis ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
In Vivo Experiments ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Factor Α

Cough and phlegm frequently occur in respiratory diseases like upper respiratory tract infections, acute bronchitis, and chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. To relieve these symptoms and diseases, various ingredients are being used despite the debates on their clinical efficacy. We aimed to investigate the effects of the extract CKD-497, composed of Atractylodis Rhizoma Alba and Fructus Schisandrae, in relieving cough and facilitating expectoration of phlegm. CKD-497 was found to inhibit inflammatory mediators such as interleukin-8 (IL-8) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated mouse macrophages and transient receptor potential cation channel 1 (TRPV-1)-overexpressed human bronchial epithelial cells stimulated by capsaicin. CKD-497 decreased the viscosity of the mucin solution. During in vivo experiments, CKD-497 reduced coughing numbers and increased expectoration of phlegm via mucociliary clearance enhancement. Collectively, these data suggest that CKD-497 possesses potential for cough and phlegm expectoration treatment.

Transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) ion channel in the pathophysiology of peripheral diabetic neuropathy

2013 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 129-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari Koivisto ◽  
Antti Pertovaara
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Axon Reflex ◽  
Pain Hypersensitivity ◽  
Peripheral Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Sustained Activation

AbstractBackgroundTransient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1) is a non-selective cation channel permeable to calcium that is expressed on pain-mediating primary afferent nerve fibers. Here we review recent experimental evidence supporting the hypothesis that activation of the TRPA1 channel by reactive compounds generated in diabetes mellitus, such as 4-hydroxynonenal and methylglyoxal, exerts an important role in the pathophysiology of peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN). The hypothesis includes development of the early diabetic pain hypersensitivity and the later loss of cutaneous nerve endings of pain fibers and their dysfunction, which are hallmarks of peripheral diabetic neuropathy (PDN).Methods The evidence for a role of the TRPA1 channel in PDN consists of in vitro patch clamp and calcium imaging data and assessments of pain behavior, axon reflex measurements, and immunohistochemical analyses of cutaneous innervation in an experimental animal model of diabetes. The experiments were combined with blocking the TRPA1 channel with selective antagonists Chembridge-5861528 or A-967079.ResultsIn vitro studies indicate that under physiological concentration of Ca2+, methylglyoxal and 4-hydroxynonenal produce sustained activation of the TRPA1 channel and sustained inflow of calcium. In vivo studies indicate that diabetic pain hypersensitivity is maintained by the TRPA1 channel as indicated by the antihypersensitivity effect induced by acute blocking of the TRPA1 channel. Moreover, TRPA1 channel is involved in the development of diabetic hypersensitivity as indicated by prevention of the development of pain hypersensitivity in diabetic animals treated daily with Chembridge-5861528. The diabetes-induced loss of substance P-like cutaneous innervation and that of the TRPA1 channel-mediated cutaneous axon reflex function during the later phase of diabetes were also prevented or delayed by prolonged blocking of the TRPA1 channel. No motor impairment or other obvious side-effects were observed following block of the TRPA1 channel.Conclusions Together the in vitro and in vivo results indicate that reactive compounds generated in diabetes exert, through action on the TRPA1 channel, an important role in the pathophysiology of PDN. Sustained activation of the TRPA1 channel is a plausible mechanism that contributes to the early diabetic pain hypersensitivity and the later loss of cutaneous pain fiber endings and their dysfunction with prolonged diabetes.ImplicationsBlocking the TRPA1 channel with a selective antagonist provides a promising disease-modifying treatment for PDN, with only minor, if any, side-effects.

scholarly journals TRPV1 and TRPA1 Channels Are Both Involved Downstream of Histamine-Induced Itch

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1166
Author(s):  
Jenny Wilzopolski ◽  
Manfred Kietzmann ◽  
Santosh K. Mishra ◽  
Holger Stark ◽  
Wolfgang Bäumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Signal Transmission ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Histamine Receptor ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Downstream Signaling ◽  
Transient Receptor ◽  
Induced Signal

Two histamine receptor subtypes (HR), namely H1R and H4R, are involved in the transmission of histamine-induced itch as key components. Although exact downstream signaling mechanisms are still elusive, transient receptor potential (TRP) ion channels play important roles in the sensation of histaminergic and non-histaminergic itch. The aim of this study was to investigate the involvement of TRPV1 and TRPA1 channels in the transmission of histaminergic itch. The potential of TRPV1 and TRPA1 inhibitors to modulate H1R- and H4R-induced signal transmission was tested in a scratching assay in mice in vivo as well as via Ca2+ imaging of murine sensory dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons in vitro. TRPV1 inhibition led to a reduction of H1R- and H4R- induced itch, whereas TRPA1 inhibition reduced H4R- but not H1R-induced itch. TRPV1 and TRPA1 inhibition resulted in a reduced Ca2+ influx into sensory neurons in vitro. In conclusion, these results indicate that both channels, TRPV1 and TRPA1, are involved in the transmission of histamine-induced pruritus.

scholarly journals Membrane translocation of TRPC6 channels and endothelial migration are regulated by calmodulin and PI3 kinase activation

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (8) ◽  
pp. 2110-2115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pinaki Chaudhuri ◽  
Michael A. Rosenbaum ◽  
Pritam Sinharoy ◽  
Derek S. Damron ◽  
Lutz Birnbaumer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Trpc Channels ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products ◽  
Transient Receptor

Lipid oxidation products, including lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC), activate canonical transient receptor potential 6 (TRPC6) channels leading to inhibition of endothelial cell (EC) migration in vitro and delayed EC healing of arterial injuries in vivo. The precise mechanism through which lysoPC activates TRPC6 channels is not known, but calmodulin (CaM) contributes to the regulation of TRPC channels. Using site-directed mutagenesis, cDNAs were generated in which Tyr99 or Tyr138 of CaM was replaced with Phe, generating mutant CaM, Phe99-CaM, or Phe138-CaM, respectively. In ECs transiently transfected with pcDNA3.1-myc-His-Phe99-CaM, but not in ECs transfected with pcDNA3.1-myc-His-Phe138-CaM, the lysoPC-induced TRPC6-CaM dissociation and TRPC6 externalization was disrupted. Also, the lysoPC-induced increase in intracellular calcium concentration was inhibited in ECs transiently transfected with pcDNA3.1-myc-His-Phe99-CaM. Blocking phosphorylation of CaM at Tyr99 also reduced CaM association with the p85 subunit and subsequent activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K). This prevented the increase in phosphatidylinositol (3,4,5)-trisphosphate (PIP3) and the translocation of TRPC6 to the cell membrane and reduced the inhibition of EC migration by lysoPC. These findings suggest that lysoPC induces CaM phosphorylation at Tyr99 by a Src family kinase and that phosphorylated CaM activates PI3K to produce PIP3, which promotes TRPC6 translocation to the cell membrane.

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