PRODUCTION AND PROPERTIES OF 2,3-BUTANEDIOL: II. STRAINS OF AEROBACILLUS POLYMYXA IN RELATION TO FILTERABILITY AND BUTANEDIOL PRODUCTION

1945 ◽  
Vol 23f (1) ◽  
pp. 72-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Y. Stanier ◽  
G. A. Adams ◽  
G. A. Ledingham
Keyword(s):  
Colony Formation ◽  
Product Yield ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Laboratory Conditions

Under laboratory conditions it has been found that most strains of Aerobacillus polymyxa split off variants that differ substantially in: colony formation; appearance of wheat mashes after fermentation; filterability of these mashes; and their ability to produce 2,3-butanediol and ethanol. It has been impossible to demonstrate a close correlation between particular colony types and their usefulness for commercial 2,3-butanediol production. By selection it has been possible to obtain strains that are excellent both from the standpoint of mash filterability and product yield. Preservation of cultures in lyophile tubes prevents further variation during storage.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF TORTRIX VIRIDANA L.ECOLOGY IN CONDITIONS OF CENTRAL FOREST-STEPPE

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-103
Author(s):  
Владимир Царалунга ◽  
Vladimir Tsaralunga ◽  
Анна Царалунга ◽  
Anna Tsaralunga
Keyword(s):  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Early Form ◽  
Trichogramma Evanescens ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Tortrix Viridana ◽  
Regional Specificity ◽  
Leading Position ◽  
Field And Laboratory Conditions

Green oak tortrix (Tortrix viridana L.) occupies a leading position in the leaf-biting pests of English oak (Querqus robur L.). Full-scale research on permanent test plots in the oak groves of the Voronezh Region and laboratory experiments at the Department of Ecology of VSUFT has revealed that the exit of the larvae of green oak tortrix is synchronized with the opening of the buds of the early form of the oak tree, and larvae have a regional specificity. Caterpillars of the first ages of green oak tortrix both in field and laboratory conditions show themselves as strict monophages, and caterpillars of the 5th age are facultative polyphages. For normal hatching of larvae, reactivation with low temperatures is necessary, followed by a set of effective temperatures of more than 1,750 ° C. At the same time, temperatures below -30 ° C for 3 days or spring frosts below -60 ° C lead to the death of oviposition. The speed of movement of the newly born caterpillars of green oak tortrix is 16 cm per minute or 9.6 m per hour, that is, during the active period, the newly born caterpillar can overcome 30-60 meters in search of food. The range of variation in the width of the head capsules of larvae of all 5 ages has been determined. The duration of the period of pre-fast fasting and sleep in older caterpillars varies considerably (2 = 0.709)but has a rather close correlation with the absolute weight of caterpillars (r = 0.587). The duration of the pupal stage is 7-13 days. In laboratory conditions, at a temperature of 220 ° C, the first butterflies fly out after 5 days. In nature, the flight of butterflies coincides with the flowering of jasmine, white acacia, black elderberry. The first males fly out and the females fly out only after 2-3 days. Mass flying begins 4-5 days after the appearance of the first butterflies. The butterflies’ outflying lasts 8-12 days, and they can be found in plantation for 16-28 days. From the entomophages of green oak tortrix, riders Phytodietus polizonias Forst., and on the puppies Phaeogenes invisor Thunb. Apechtis rufata Gm. Hoplectis maculator F. has been noted. The tahin Elodia tragica has been also found on the pupae. Trichogramma evanescens Weit. and Trihogramma embryophagum Htg. have been noted as the main ovaries of green oak tortrix

Effects of lead(II) on the extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) production and colony formation of cultured Microcystis aeruginosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (4) ◽  
pp. 803-809 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang-dong Bi ◽  
Shu-lin Zhang ◽  
Wei Dai ◽  
Ke-zhing Xing ◽  
Fan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Microcystis Aeruginosa ◽  
Colony Formation ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharide ◽  
Extracellular Polysaccharides ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Middle Colonies

To investigate the effects of lead(II) on the production of extracellular polysaccharides (EPS), including bound extracellular polysaccharides (bEPS) and soluble extracellular polysaccharides (sEPS), and the colony formation of Microcystis aeruginosa, cultures of M. aeruginosa were exposed to four concentrations (5.0, 10.0, 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L) of lead(II) for 10 d under controlled laboratory conditions. The results showed that 5.0 and 10.0 mg/L lead(II) stimulated M. aeruginosa growth throughout the experiment while 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L lead(II) inhibited M. aeruginosa growth in the first 2 d exposure and then stimulated it. As compared to the control group, significant increases in the bEPS and sEPS production were observed in 20.0 and 40.0 mg/L lead(II) treatments (P < 0.05). Large colony formations were not observed throughout the experiment. However, four tested concentrations of lead(II) could significantly promote the formation of small and middle colonies after 10 d exposure (P < 0.05), and 40.0 mg/L lead(II) had the best stimulatory effect. Lead(II) could stimulate bEPS production, which conversely promoted colony formation, suggesting that heavy metals might be contributing to the bloom-forming of M. aeruginosa in natural conditions.

Human drug taking under controlled laboratory conditions.

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian W. Fischman ◽  
Richard W. Foltin ◽  
Joseph V. Brady
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Conditions

Monoamine Oxidase and Other Mitochondrial Enzymes in Density Subpopulations of Human Platelets

1988 ◽  
Vol 59 (01) ◽  
pp. 029-033 ◽  
Author(s):  
K G Chamberlain ◽  
D G Penington
Keyword(s):  
Monoamine Oxidase ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Mitochondrial Enzymes ◽  
Density Fractions ◽  
Percoll Gradients ◽  
Normal Human ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Very High

SummaryNormal human platelets have been separated according to density on continuous Percoll gradients and the platelet distribution divided into five fractions containing approximately equal numbers of platelets. The mean volumes and protein contents of the platelets in each fraction were found to correlate positively with density while the protein concentration did not differ significantly between the fractions. Four mitochondrial enzymes (monoamine oxidase, glutamate dehydrogenase, cytochrome oxidase and NADP-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase) were assayed and their activities per unit volume were found to increase in a very similar monotonie fashion with platelet density. When MAO and GDH were assayed on the same set of density fractions the correlation between the two activities was very high (r = 0.94–1.00, p <0.001) and a similar close correlation was found between MAO and ICDH. The results support the hypothesis that high density platelets either have a higher concentration of mitochondria or have larger mitochondria than low density platelets.

Wage-setting Mechanisms in the Russian Industry

2004 ◽  
pp. 66-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Kapelyushnikov
Keyword(s):  
Special Section ◽  
Close Correlation ◽  
Specific Model ◽  
Wage Determination ◽  
Collective Agreement ◽  
Wage Setting ◽  
Industrial Enterprises ◽  
Subsistence Minimum ◽  
Competitive Model ◽  
Very High

The paper examines a specific model of wage-setting evolved in Russia under transition. Using new survey data author reveals paradoxical characteristics of wage-setting mechanisms at Russian industrial enterprises: very high union and collective agreement coverage; nearly unilateral control of managers over wage determination; close correlation between earnings and enterprises' performance; voluntary utilization of wage standards established by the state. The special section explores effects of fulfilling a new provision stipulated for by the recently adopted Labor Code to raise minimum wage to the subsistence minimum level. The author concludes that wage-setting in the Russian labor market is at odds with a textbook competitive model and poorly fits into many other sophisticated theoretical schemes (such as labor-managed firms, bargaining models etc.).

Multiple recycling of paperboard: Paperboard characteristics and maximum number of recycling cycles— Part I: Multiple recycling of corrugated base paper

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 631-638
Author(s):  
FREDERIC KREPLIN ◽  
HANS-JOACHIM PUTZ ◽  
SAMUEL SCHABEL
Keyword(s):  
Compression Test ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Paper Properties ◽  
Corrugated Board ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Base Paper ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Short Span ◽  
Multiple Recycling

Paper for recycling is an important fiber source for the production of corrugated base paper. The change in production capacity toward more and more packaging papers affects the composition of paper for recycling and influences the paper quality. This research project investigated the influence of the multiple recycling of five different corrugated base papers (kraftliner, neutral sulfite semichemical [NSSC] fluting, corrugating medium, testliner 2, and testliner 3) on suspension and strength properties under laboratory conditions. The corrugated board base papers were repulped in a low consistency pulper and processed into Rapid-Köthen laboratory sheets. The sheets were then recycled up to 15 times in the same process. In each cycle, the suspension and the paper properties were recorded. In particular, the focus was on corrugated board-specific parameters, such as short-span compression test, ring crush test, corrugating medium test, and burst. The study results indicate how multiple recycling under laboratory conditions affects fiber and paper properties.

Mechanoactivation Of Rice Husk Ash In Laboratory Conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 20-26
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Activation ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Amorphous Silica ◽  
Silicon Oxide ◽  
Rice Husk Ash ◽  
Pozzolanic Activity ◽  
Maximum Solubility ◽  
Laboratory Conditions ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mineral Additive

In many rice producing countries of the world, including in Vietnam, various research aimed at using rice husk ash (RHA) as a finely dispersed active mineral additive in cements, concrete and mortars are being conducted. The effect of the duration of the mechanoactivation of the RHA, produced under laboratory conditions in Vietnam, on its pozzolanic activity were investigated in this study. The composition of ash was investigated by laser granulometry and the values of indicators characterizing the dispersion of its particles before and after mechanical activation were established. The content of soluble amorphous silicon oxide in rice husk ash samples was determined by photocolorimetric analysis. The pizzolanic activity of the RHA, fly ash and the silica fume was also compared according to the method of absorption of the solution of the active mineral additive. It is established that the duration of the mechanical activation of rice husk ash by grinding in a vibratory mill is optimal for increasing its pozzolanic activity, since it simultaneously results in the production of the most dispersed ash particles with the highest specific surface area and maximum solubility of the amorphous silica contained in it. Longer grinding does not lead to further reduction in the size of ash particles, which can be explained by their aggregation, and also reduces the solubility of amorphous silica in an aqueous alkaline medium.

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