THE TESTING OF ACTIVATED CHARCOALS BY THE ISOPIESTIC METHOD

1949 ◽  
Vol 27b (1) ◽  
pp. 25-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Sheffer ◽  
K. T. Waldock ◽  
J. B. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Isopiestic Method ◽  
Mustard Gas ◽  
Flow Method

The isopiestic method has been applied to the testing of activated charcoals. The ratios of vapor adsorbed at saturation were found to agree well with the ratios of the activities obtained by a flow method. The sorptive capacities of nine different activated charcoals for carbon tetrachloride water, amyl chloride, benzene, methyl alcohol, n-hexane, mustard gas, and phosgene have been compared. A simple, rapid method for testing charcoals is suggested.

THE ISOPIESTIC METHOD APPLIED TO SORPTION ISOTHERMS

1949 ◽  
Vol 27b (2) ◽  
pp. 87-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Barnartt ◽  
J. B. Ferguson
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Linear Relation ◽  
Sorption Isotherms ◽  
Sorption Process ◽  
The Other ◽  
Isopiestic Method ◽  
Simple Criterion ◽  
Water Vapors ◽  
Linear Sections ◽  
Wide Pressure

The isopiestic method has been applied to the sorption of carbon tetrachloride and water vapors by activated coconut shell charcoals. The isopiestic charges were found to be linearly related over wide pressure ranges. Isotherms formed by plotting the isopiestic charges of two charcoals one against the other consisted of three linear sections for both carbon tetrachloride and water. If the pressure isotherm of one charcoal be known, those of other charcoals may be computed from it by weighing relatively few isopiestic charges. Errors inherent in the measurement of equilibrium pressures, as well as those caused by the drift of the pressure isotherms towards higher sorption capacities at a given pressure, are eliminated in the isopiestic method of comparing charcoals. The linear relation between the isopiestic charges affords a simple criterion of rejection for equations proposed to fit the pressure isotherms. It also throws into relief the structural regularities in activated charcoals. The existence of discontinuities m the sorption process, reported by previous experimenters, is supported by the isopiestic data.

The theory of condensation of supersaturated vapours in the absence of ions

1953 ◽  
Vol 220 (1140) ◽  
pp. 132-141 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Rapid Heating ◽  
Molecular Complexes ◽  
Cloud Chamber ◽  
Appreciable Amount ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Critical Supersaturation ◽  
Chamber Measurements ◽  
Alcohol Benzene

A brief review of the condensation theory of Becker & Döring (1935) and Frenkel (1946) is given. It is shown that the theory is subject to the limitation that it assumes that small molecular complexes behave like liquid droplets. This is not the case for complexes consisting of a few molecules only, so that the rate of condensation expected from the theory may be altered by an appreciable amount. The Becker & Döring expression for critical supersaturation is compared with the cloud-chamber measurements of Volmer & Flood (1934), taking into account the rapid heating of the gas after the fast expansion. It is found to be in approximate agreement for water and some of the alcohols, but methyl alcohol, benzene and carbon tetrachloride show large discrepancies. More measurements of critical supersaturations are needed.

scholarly journals The second virial coefficients of organic vapours

1949 ◽  
Vol 196 (1044) ◽  
pp. 113-125 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Hydrogen Bonding ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Diethyl Ether ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Virial Coefficients ◽  
Dipole Interaction ◽  
Conductivity Data ◽  
Second Virial Coefficients ◽  
Critical Data

The compressibilities of a num ber of organic vapours have been measured at pressures up to 1 atm. and temperatures ranging from 40 to 130° C. The observed second virial coefficients are compared with values calculated from the critical data by the Berthelot equation. The results show two distinct classes of behaviour. Class I is shown by ethane, ethylene, n -hexane, cyclohexane, benzene, diethyl ether, ethyl chloride, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride, where the measured second virial coefficients are in agreement with the calculated values. Class II by acetaldehyde, acetone, acetonitrile, methyl alcohol, where the measured second virial coefficients are consistently very much higher than the calculated values. It is concluded that the vapours of polar substances for which the energy of attraction between molecules, due to dipole interaction or to hydrogen bonding, is larger than kT undergo dim erization. This view is supported by thermal conductivity data. The range of validity of the Berthelot equation for both non-polar and polar vapours is examined.

Rapid Method for the Extraction of Light Filth from Oregano

1969 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-23
Author(s):  
L E Tekbush
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Petroleum Ether ◽  
Rapid Method ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Analytical Time

Abstract A method has been developed for the extraction of light filth from oregano which eliminates the petroleum ether defatting and chloroform-carbon tetrachloride heavy filth separation used in method 36.089. Results are comparable to the official method, and analytical time is reduced by one-half. The method is recommended for adoption as official first action.

Spectra of flames supported by free atoms

1952 ◽  
Vol 213 (1114) ◽  
pp. 366-379 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Atomic Hydrogen ◽  
Atomic Oxygen ◽  
Electronic Excitation ◽  
Carbon Disulphide ◽  
Mechanism Of Formation ◽  
Organic Halides ◽  
Reaction Zones ◽  
Very High

The spectra of the ‘atomic flames’ of organic compounds with the products of discharges through oxygen, hydrogen and water vapour have been examined. Hydrocarbons give bright flames with water products but not, contrary to previous reports, with dry atomic hydrogen. Carbon tetrachloride and other organic halides and also carbon disulphide do give bright flames with hydrogen. The rotational intensity distribution in the OH band in most atomic flames corresponds to a very high temperature, around 8000° K; it is high for methyl alcohol with water products, but only around 2500° K for methyl alcohol with atomic oxygen. The flame of acetylene with products from heavy water, D 2 O, gives mainly OD and CD rather than OH and CH bands. The mechanism of formation and excitation of CH and OH in flames is discussed. When iron carbonyl is introduced into atomic flames very high electronic excitation of iron atoms is observed, as in the reaction zones of ordinary premixed flames; this high excitation is also observed for the flame of carbon tetrachloride with atomic hydrogen.

Desorption of Water, Methyl Alcohol and Carbon Tetrachloride from Silica-gel Surfaces

Nature ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 198 (4884) ◽  
pp. 988-989 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. B. DARLOW ◽  
R. A. ROSS
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Silica Gel ◽  
Methyl Alcohol

Vapor-liquid equilibriums of the ternary system methyl borate-methyl alcohol-carbon tetrachloride

1977 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larry E. Schindler ◽  
Charles A. Plank ◽  
Phoebus M. Christopher ◽  
Walden L. S. Laukhuf
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Ternary System ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Vapor Liquid

Nucleolar Segregation and Chronic Methanol Intoxication

1969 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 360-361
Author(s):  
Julio H. Garcia ◽  
Janice P. Van Zandt
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Methyl Alcohol ◽  
Rhesus Monkeys ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Methanol Intoxication ◽  
Intragastric Tube ◽  
Nucleolar Segregation

Repeated administration of methyl alcohol to Rhesus monkeys (Maccaca mulata) by intragastric tube resulted in ultrastructural abnormalities of hepatocytes, which persisted in one animal twelve weeks after discontinuation of the methyl alcohol regime. With dosages ranging between 3.0 to 6.0 gms. of methanol per kg. of body weight, the serum levels attained within a few hours averaged approximately 475 mg. per cent.

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