Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antifungal Activity of the Whole Part of Dactyloctenium aegyptium Weed on Bengal Gram

Background: This study was conducted about the effectiveness of weed Dactyloctenium aegyptium. Weedsare familiar dominant, redundant, adverse and weed that contend with sophisticated crop for water, nutrient and sunlight and another several reasons such as, high growth rate, high reproductive rate and produce harmful or beneficial allelopathical effect of cultivated crops. The stems of Dactyloctenium aegyptium are willowy, geniculate and leaves are found roughly. Methods: This Investigation was done in 2018-19 to 2020-21. Different part of Dactyloctenium aegyptium as leaves and seed was taken from the near area of Sardar Vallabh Bhai Patel Agriculture and Technology University Modipuram Meerut. The samples were shade dry for 24 to 48 hours and then grind in the powder form. The extract were prepare in different organic solvent as Methanol, Ethyl acetate, Butyl alcohol, Benzene and Water at 1:10 ratio. Antioxidant activity of weed extracts by three methods named DPPH FRAP and ABTS methods. Result: All part of this weed show effectiveness due to the presence of active compound, who responsible for the positive result. Extract mixed with media at a particular concentration i.e. 5%, 10% and 15% show effect on soil borne fungal phytopathogens and then over the surface of petriplate the growth was appear reduce when we increase the concentration of extract. At the end we conclude that the 15% extract concentration of both part of Dactyloctenium reduce the growth of all the soil borne fungal phytopathogens.

Research of Technology of Producing Composite Fuel Based on Nephelometric Method

The article experimentally investigated that using a carboxylic acid (acetic acid), non-free radicals of saturated hydrocarbons (gasoline, kerosene, white alcohol, benzene, toluene, acids, etc.) are split and form free radicals, after which a chemical reaction occurs in as a result of which new connections are formed. A stable milk-emulsion composite fuel was obtained by the nephelometric method, with the following component ratio: 5:0.2:4.8 (50% gasoline, 2% glacial acetic acid, 48% ordinary water). After obtaining a stable milk-emulsion composite fuel, combustion was carried out and the process of stable combustion was determined. The pressure of the composite fuel in the container is increased to 3 kg/cm2 to obtain an aerosol at the nozzle outlet. The aerosol ignites inside the nichrome coil, the heating temperature is about 500 °C. To maintain the process of stable combustion of the composite fuel, the spiral is connected to a 20-volt voltage source.

Classification of softwoods using wood extract information and near infrared spectroscopy

Three kinds of softwoods (Douglas fir, radiata pine, and Sugi) were used to test the possibility of their classification via near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy. In a previous study, the authors presented that the content of Korean softwood extractives (larix, red pine, Korean pine, cedar, and cypress) influenced wood classification. For expanding the extent of wood species to be considered in the analysis, three foreign wood species were newly introduced. Prior to comparing the NIR spectra obtained from the three softwoods, principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted to evaluate the possibility of discriminating the three foreign softwoods. The three species were also divided into three groups based on PCA, and a thin-layer chromatography (TLC) test improved the reliability of NIR-based wood classification via extractive contents. A similar pattern was obtained for alcohol-benzene eluted extractive compounds between same wood species.

Sifat Dasar Kayu Ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) dari Sukabumi dan Potensi Penggunaannya

Ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) adalah pohon cepat tumbuh yang banyak ditemukan di Sukabumi. Kayu ini tumbuh di hampir semua wilayah Indonesia. Tulisan ini menyajikan hasil pengujian sifat dasar (struktur anatomi, kimia, sifat fisis dan mekanis) kayu ganitri yang diambil dari hutan rakyat di daerah Sukabumi. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui potensi penggunan kayu ganitri berdasarkan sifat dasar dan penggunaan kayu oleh masyarakat sekitar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kayu ganitri memiliki kayu teras berwarna kuning dan kayu gubal berwarna putih. Corak kayu polos dan tekstur halus. Arah serat lurus sampai berpadu, kayu lunak, tidak mengkilap, dan tidak berbau. Berdasarkan nilai dimensi serat dan nilai turunannya, kayu ganitri termasuk ke dalam Kelas Mutu II. Kayu ganitri memiliki kadar holoselulosa dan selulosa yang tinggi (70,70% dan 54,58%), kadar sedang untuk lignin 21,60%, ekstraktif alkohol-benzena 3,47%, dan kadar abu 0,81%. Dengan berat jenis (BJ) kering udara 0,35 kayu ganitri termasuk ke dalam Kelas Kuat IV. Kayu tersebut disarankan untuk digunakan sebagai bahan bangunan konstruksi ringan, perkakas, furnitur, kayu lapis, papan sambung dan produk panel. Basic Properties of Ganitri Wood (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum from Sukabumi and Its Potential UsesAbsractGanitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) is a fastgrowing tree that is widely found in Sukabumi, West Java. It grows in all part of Indonesia. A research was carried out to investigate basic properties (anatomical, physical, mechanical, and chemical) of ganitri wood from the community forest of Sukabumi. The purpose of this study was to determine the potential use of ganitri wood based on its basic properties and local utilization. The results showed that the color of ganitri sapwood was white , and it was not clearly demarcated from the yellow, with fewer figure patterns. The texture was fine with straight to interlocked grain. The wood was soft, not lustrous, and no special odor. Based on the fibre dimensions and derivative values, the quality of ganitri wood fell in Class II as a raw material for pulp and paper. Ganitri had high holocellulose and cellulose levels (70.70% and 54.58%), moderate level in lignin (21.60%), and it contained 3.47% extractive soluble in alcohol-benzene, and 0.81% ash. Based on its air dry specific gravity (0,35), ganitri wood could be classified into wood Strength Class IV. The potential uses of ganitri are for lightweight construction material, tools, furniture, plywood, connecting boards, and other panel products.

Chemical analysis of birch tree (Betula pendula Roth) degraded by fungus

The aim of this study was to investigate degraded birch trees (Betula pendula Roth) that suffered from a harmful fungus called Piptoporus betulinus. The main chemical analysis of B. pendula degraded by the fungus, included the holocellulose, alpha-cellulose, and lignin contents and was determined in cold and hot water and alcohol-benzene solubility in 1% NaOH mixtures. This fungus caused B. pendula to lose mass and chemical properties. The declining amount of holocellulose mass loss was 6.7% according to the holocellulose test. This decrement caused the quality of the birch holocellulose to decline. The total loss difference was 9.8% according to the alkaline solubility analysis of the 1% NaOH test and 14.3% according to the density analysis of the test. The loss difference was 4.2% according to the alcohol-benzene analysis of the test.

Diverse resourcing of Nerium indicum leaves for bio-utilization

Nerium indicum is an ornamental plant that is widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions wordwide. It has toxic and medicinal properties which is closely related to the bioactive ingredients contained in Nerium indicum. In our research, the leaves of Nerium indicum was used as raw materials to study the chemical constituents and their effects. The chemical constituents of the leaves were analyzed by FT-IR and GC-MS with alcohol, benzene and acetone as organic solvents. A total of 73 compounds were obtained by acetone organic solvent, 25 compounds were extracted from benzene and 146 compounds were obtained from alcohol. Rich bioactive and bioenergy components were found in all three kinds of extract, suggesting that Nerium indicum leaves are of great significance for the diverse resourcing of bio-utilization including biomedicine, bioenergy, aroma, food additives.

PROTOTIPE MOBILE STATION UNTUK PEREKAMAN KANDUNGAN UDARA

This study aims to monitor the air quality of Denpasar city with mobile station that can transmit air content information in mobile and real time. This mobile station was built using Wemos D1 Mini Board which is a small wifi board based on ESP8266. Information sent via the Wemos D1 board is information obtained from sensors MQ-7 and MQ-135 and DHT11. DHT11, MQ-7 and MQ-135 sensors can detect the temperature, CO and NH3 gas, NOx, alcohol, benzene, smoke and CO2. Information obtained from the sensors will be posted on a website so that people can know the level of air pollution in the city of Denpasar. This developed monitoring system has successfully displayed data in the form of a folder on the web server.

Variation in soluble extractives, lignin and holocellulose content of wood of different provenances of Tectona grandis L.

The present studies were conducted on variation in soluble extractives, lignin and holocellulose content of wood of different provenances of Tectona grandis. The data on cold and hot water solubility, alcohol-benzene solubility, lignin and holocellulose content of wood exhibited significant variation in different provenances of Teak. Among different selected provenances, the highest cold water solubility [16.43% (4.05)] and hot water solubility [19.56% (4.42)] was recorded in APNPL-10 and lowest was recorded in ORPLM-1 [6.34% (2.52)] and [8.34% (2.89)], respectively. Maximum percentage of alcohol-benzene solubility was observed in KLN-2 [17.64% (4.20)] andminimum per cent was recorded in MHSC-J1 [7.13% (2.67)]. Maximum percentage of lignin [39.00 % (38.64)] and holocellulose (76.53%) content was noticed in ORANP-6 and APT-11, respectively. whereas, minimum percentage of lignin 20.83% (27.15) and holocellulose (64.20%) content were found in TNT-10 and APT-20, respectively. Thestudy would help to utilize the findings and developing future strategies for screening the provenances of Tectona grandis.