SOME FACTORS AFFECTING THE AUSCULTATORY MEASUREMENT OF ARTERIAL BLOOD PRESSURES

1949 ◽  
Vol 27e (2) ◽  
pp. 72-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Thomson ◽  
J. Doupe
Keyword(s):  
Narrow Band ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Applied Pressure ◽  
Pulse Contour ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
End Pressures ◽  
Pulse Waves

Auscultatory blood pressure measurements have been compared to intraarterial lateral and end pressures. It was found that auscultatory measurements, which are dependent upon the penetration of pulse waves through a compressed segment of artery, were influenced by various factors. When auscultatory measurements approximated or exceeded intra-arterial pressures, broad pulses were found; when auscultatory measurements were below intraarterial pressures, narrow pulses were found. By measuring tissue pressures under a cuff it was shown that cuffs subtended only a relatively short narrow band of equal pressure into the tissues. Hence narrow cuffs or, conversely, large arms that allowed only a fraction of the applied pressure to reach the artery caused high auscultatory measurements of both systolic and diastolic pressure. It was concluded that pulse contour and arm size were major causes of the auscultatory systolic errors while the diastolic errors were due to arm size plus unknown factors.

Indirect Arterial Blood Pressure Measurement in Nonsedated Irish Wolfhounds: Reference Values for the Breed

2002 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 521-526 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janice M. Bright ◽  
Mariellen Dentino
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood Pressure ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Standing Position ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Arterial Blood

Arterial blood pressure measurements were obtained from 158 healthy Irish wolfhounds using the oscillometric technique to establish reference values for the breed. In contrast to other sight hounds, Irish wolfhounds have low arterial blood pressure. Mean systolic pressure for the group was 116.0 mm Hg. Mean diastolic pressure was 69.2 mm Hg, and the mean value for mean arterial pressure was 87.8 mm Hg. Blood pressure measurements were higher in older wolfhounds than in young dogs. There was no difference between systolic and mean arterial blood pressures in lateral recumbency compared to standing position. However, diastolic pressure was slightly lower when standing. Calm dogs had lower pressure than anxious wolfhounds. There was a significant interaction between the effects of age, gender, and mood on systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial blood pressure values.

Indirect blood pressure determination by Doppler technique in renal hypertensive cats

1979 ◽  
Vol 237 (6) ◽  
pp. H720-H723 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Klevans ◽  
G. Hirkaler ◽  
J. L. Kovacs
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Blood Pressure Determination ◽  
Monitoring Period ◽  
Direct Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Pressure Changes ◽  
Indirect Blood Pressure

The Doppler ultrasonic recording technique was used to measure systolic and diastolic blood pressures indirectly in renal hypertensive cats. The accuracy of the method was evaluated by comparing indirect blood pressures from one leg of a cat with direct pressure measurements from the other leg. A linear relationship existed between indirect and direct systolic and diastolic pressures. The consistency of the method was assessed by measuring blood pressure during a 5-h monitoring period in normotensive and renal hypertensive cats. No significant variation occurred over this period. The sensitivity of the method to blood pressure changes was determined also. A significant reduction in systolic and diastolic pressure induced by hydralazine, 10 mg/kg po, was recorded during a 5-h monitoring period. The development of renovascular hypertension was followed for approximately 70 days. Systolic pressure rose in a logarithmic fashion from 160 to a maximum of 240 mmHg. It was concluded that the Doppler ultrasonic technique is a simple and reliable method for recording indirect blood pressure acutely and chronically in conscious unrestrained cats.

Diurnal patterns of hemodynamic performance in nonhuman primates

1987 ◽  
Vol 253 (5) ◽  
pp. R779-R785
Author(s):  
B. T. Engel ◽  
M. I. Talan
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Diurnal Patterns ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Hemodynamic Performance ◽  
Lower Cardiac Output

Heart rate, stroke volume, and intra-arterial blood pressures were monitored continuously in each of four monkeys for 18 consecutive hours, 5 days/wk, for several weeks. Mean heart rate, stroke volume, cardiac output, systolic and diastolic pressure, and total peripheral resistance were calculated each minute, and these averages were analyzed further to yield hourly means and intercorrelations. The main findings from the analyses of mean levels were that cardiac output fell throughout the night and that peripheral resistance rose during the same interval so that arterial pressure fell only slightly; the highest levels of peripheral resistance and lowest levels of cardiac output were recorded between 0500 and 0700. Furthermore, the levels of these responses during the remainder of the morning were higher (peripheral resistance) and lower (cardiac output) than those recorded in the evening.

scholarly journals Neonatal glucocorticoid overexposure alters cardiovascular function in young adult horses in a sex-linked manner

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Orlando A. Valenzuela ◽  
Juanita K. Jellyman ◽  
Vanessa L. Allen ◽  
Youguo Niu ◽  
Nicola B. Holdstock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Baroreflex Sensitivity ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Function ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
The Hours ◽  
Blood Pressures

Abstract Prenatal glucocorticoid overexposure has been shown to programme adult cardiovascular function in a range of species, but much less is known about the long-term effects of neonatal glucocorticoid overexposure. In horses, prenatal maturation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis and the normal prepartum surge in fetal cortisol occur late in gestation compared to other precocious species. Cortisol levels continue to rise in the hours after birth of full-term foals and increase further in the subsequent days in premature, dysmature and maladapted foals. Thus, this study examined the adult cardiovascular consequences of neonatal cortisol overexposure induced by adrenocorticotropic hormone administration to full-term male and female pony foals. After catheterisation at 2–3 years of age, basal arterial blood pressures (BP) and heart rate were measured together with the responses to phenylephrine (PE) and sodium nitroprusside (SNP). These data were used to assess cardiac baroreflex sensitivity. Neonatal cortisol overexposure reduced both the pressor and bradycardic responses to PE in the young adult males, but not females. It also enhanced the initial hypotensive response to SNP, slowed recovery of BP after infusion and reduced the gain of the cardiac baroreflex in the females, but not males. Basal diastolic pressure and cardiac baroreflex sensitivity also differed with sex, irrespective of neonatal treatment. The results show that there is a window of susceptibility for glucocorticoid programming during the immediate neonatal period that alters cardiovascular function in young adult horses in a sex-linked manner.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of Blood Pressure Measurement

1981 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. B. Runciman ◽  
A. J. Rutten ◽  
A. H. Ilsley
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Nursing Staff ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Central Venous ◽  
Indirect Measurements ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Pulmonary Capillary ◽  
Significant Difference

The accuracy of routine measurements by nursing staff of systemic arterial, central venous, pulmonary artery and pulmonary capillary wedge pressures was determined. There was a significant difference between direct mean arterial blood pressure measurements and routine indirect measurements by the nursing staff in the pressure range of 50-100 mmHg, whereas there was no significant difference between direct and indirect measurements when indirect measurements were made by specially trained hypertension clinic personnel. However, there was a good correlation between direct and indirect measurements in each instance, indicating that changes in blood pressure could be adequately followed by both groups. Systems commonly used to measure blood pressure directly were tested. Limits in frequency response preclude the routine direct measurement of systolic or diastolic blood pressures. If direct systolic and diastolic pressure measurements are required, it is necessary to check the performance of the amplifier and recording system, attach the transducer to the patient, and determine and adjust, if necessary, the natural frequency and damping coefficient of each system before each measurement. However, it is suggested that a knowledge of systolic and diastolic pressure measurements seldom improves patient management, and if mean pressures are accepted, reliable routine measurements may be obtained by the nursing staff. The digital display of the systems tested may be accepted for mean arterial pressure, but for accurate mean central venous and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure measurements, it is necessary to interpret the trace on a chart recorder; pulmonary artery pressure can often only be estimated.

Endovascular catheter manometry reliability: a benchtop validation study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Heiferman ◽  
Linh N. Le ◽  
David Klinger ◽  
Joseph C. Serrone
Keyword(s):  
Linear Correlation ◽  
Pulse Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Outer Diameter ◽  
Pressure Measurements ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Guide Catheter ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Mean Pressure

OBJECTIVE Catheter manometry is used frequently in neuroendovascular surgery for assessing cerebrovascular pathology. The accuracy of pressure data with different catheter setups requires further validation. METHODS In a silicone human vascular model with a pulsatile pump, pressure measurements were taken through multiple arrangements of 2 guide catheters and 6 microcatheters. The systolic pressure, diastolic pressure, mean pressure, pulse pressure, and area under the curve of the waveform were recorded through catheters with controls at arterial blood pressure ranges. Linear regression modeling was performed, correlating transduction area and relative pulse pressure. Thresholds for acceptable accuracy were ≥ 90%. RESULTS Mean pressure demonstrated < 4% variation between all 24 catheter setups and respective controls. A strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.843, p < 0.0005) between microcatheter transduction area and relative pulse pressure with a threshold of 0.50 mm2 was seen (i.e., 0.031-inch inner diameter [ID]). For guide catheters with indwelling microcatheters, there was also a strong linear correlation (r2 = 0.840, p < 0.0005) of transduction area to pulse pressure. The guide catheters with obstructing microcatheters required a transduction area over fourfold higher compared with unobstructed microcatheters (2.21 mm2 vs 0.50 mm2). CONCLUSIONS Mean pressure measurements are accurate through microcatheters as small as 0.013-inch ID. Pulse pressure and waveform morphology may require a microcatheter ≥ 0.031-inch ID to achieve 90% accuracy, although the 0.027-inch ID microcatheter reached 85% accuracy. A 0.070-inch guide catheter with a microcatheter ≤ 0.042-inch outer diameter (e.g., Marksman 0.027-inch ID or smaller) allows accurate transduction of pulse pressure. Further validation of these benchtop findings is necessary before application in a clinical setting.

Factors Affecting Diastolic Blood Pressures in the Systemic and Pulmocutaneous Arches of Anuran Amphibia

1972 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 789-803
Author(s):  
DAVID R. JONES ◽  
GRAHAM SHELTON
Keyword(s):  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Arterial Compliance ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Systolic Pressure ◽  
Lung Ventilation ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Spiral Valve ◽  
Prolonged Apnoea ◽  
Pressure Pulses ◽  
Blood Pressures

1. During rhythmic lung ventilation systolic blood pressures in the pulmocutaneous and systemic arches were more or less the same although diastolic pressures in the former were some 3-4 cm H2O lower than in the latter. During prolonged apnoea (20-35 min) the pulse pressures became identical. Venous pressures in both lung and body circuits were little affected by these procedures. 2. Raising or reducing systolic pressure by application of drugs to the exposed ventricle caused no change in the relationships of the pressure pulses in the systemic and pulmocutaneous arches. 3. Removal of the conus arteriosus and spiral valve caused a significant reduction in diastolic pressure in the systemic but not in the pulmocutaneous arch. 4. After conus removal differences in diastolic pressures in the systemic and pulmocutaneous arches were only recorded when valves at the apex of the conus were functional. 5. Bilateral occlusion of both systemic arches produced a greater increase in systolic blood pressure in the systemic and pulmocutaneous arches than bilateral occlusion of the pulmocutaneous arches, although pressure changes following the latter were more variable. 6. Blood flow in the pulmocutaneous arch was extremely variable, lowest stroke flows being recorded when the pressure pulses in the systemic and pulmocutaneous arches were identical. 7. The role of the conus arteriosus, spiral valve, arterial compliance and peripheral resistance in maintenance of diastolic pressures in the systemic and pulmocutaneous arches is discussed.

Pseudohypertension in the Elderly

1978 ◽  
Vol 55 (s4) ◽  
pp. 399s-402s ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Spence ◽  
W. J. Sibbald ◽  
R. D. Cape
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Indirect Measurement ◽  
Hypertensive Retinopathy ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Blood Pressures ◽  
Indirect Blood Pressure ◽  
Mercury Sphygmomanometer

1. Direct intra-arterial blood pressure (radial artery) has been compared with indirect blood pressures using a regular sized adult cuff and a thigh cuff, with a mercury sphygmomanometer, in 24 hypertensive patients aged 62–84 years, and in 16 hypertensive patients aged 29–59 years. 2. The patients were studied because they were suspected of having a false elevation of their indirect blood pressure, since they had diastolic pressures over 100 mmHg, without hypertensive retinopathy, cardiac hypertrophy, or nephropathy. 3. Indirect diastolic pressure was falsely elevated by 30 mmHg or more in 12 out of 24 of the subjects over age 60, and in four of the 16 of those under age 60. Pseudohypertension (indirect diastolic > 100 mmHg, direct diastolic < 90 mmHg) was present in 12 subjects over age 60 and 5 under age 60. 4. Errors in indirect measurement of blood pressure are a serious problem, particularly in the elderly. Direct intra-arterial measurement may be useful in the management of hypertension.

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