Erratum — Re-evaluating niche conservatism versus divergence in the Woodland Salamander genus Plethodon: a case study of the parapatric members of the Plethodon glutinosus species complex

2014 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-177
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Wooten ◽  
Carlos D. Camp ◽  
Jonathon R. Combs ◽  
Eden Dulka ◽  
Alexandra Reist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Plethodon Glutinosus

Re-evaluating niche conservatism versus divergence in the Woodland Salamander genus Plethodon: a case study of the parapatric members of the Plethodon glutinosus species complex

2013 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 883-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Wooten ◽  
Carlos D. Camp ◽  
Jonathon R. Combs ◽  
Eden Dulka ◽  
Alexandra Reist ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Species Complex ◽  
Niche Conservatism ◽  
Niche Divergence ◽  
Plethodon Glutinosus ◽  
Important Player ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Phylogenetic Framework ◽  
Different Parts

The Woodland Salamander genus Plethodon Tschudi, 1838, consists of terrestrial lungless salamanders, has been cited as an exemplar of a lineage characterized by niche conservatism. This conclusion has contributed to broader hypotheses dealing with the role of niche conservatism in speciation and the maintenance of species diversity. We re-evaluated these salamanders using newly published techniques designed to detect niche conservatism versus niche divergence using computer-based niche modeling and spatial analysis within a phylogenetic framework. We specifically studied parapatric neighbors in the species complex of Plethodon glutinosus (Green, 1818) to determine if there is evidence of a role for niche divergence at speciation or if niche conservatism characterizes the complex as has been reported for the larger genus. We found that new statistical approaches yield different results from earlier work, suggesting that niche divergence has been a much more important player in the speciation process than has heretofore been understood. Although different parts of the overall Plethodon phylogeny may be characterized by different rates of niche evolution, the rapidly burgeoning area of research centered on niche conservatism appears to be in a state of flux with regards to methods that give consistently repeatable results.

scholarly journals Genetic divergence correlates with the contemporary landscape in populations of Slimy Salamander (Plethodon glutinosus) species complex across the lower Piedmont and Coastal Plain of the southeastern United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 1244-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter H. Smith ◽  
Jessica A. Wooten ◽  
Carlos D. Camp ◽  
Dirk J. Stevenson ◽  
John B. Jensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Coastal Plain ◽  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Geographic Distance ◽  
Plethodon Glutinosus ◽  
Isolation By Environment

A primary goal of landscape genetics is to elucidate factors associated with genetic structure among populations. Among the important patterns identified have been isolation by distance (IBD), isolation by barrier (IBB), and isolation by environment (IBE). We tested hypotheses relating each of these possible patterns to genetic divergence in the Slimy Salamander (Plethodon glutinosus (Green, 1818)) species complex across the lower Piedmont and Coastal Plain of Georgia, USA, and adjacent areas of South Carolina, USA. We sequenced 2148 total bp, including three regions of the mitochondrial genome and a nuclear intron, and related genetic distance to GIS-derived surrogate variables representing possible IBD (geographic distance), IBE (principal components of 19 climate variables, watershed, and normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI)), and IBB (streams of fourth order and higher). Multiple matrix regression with randomization analysis indicated significant relationships between genetic distance and two principal components of climate, as well as NDVI. These results support roles for environment (IBE) in helping to drive genetic divergence in this group of salamanders. The absence of a significant influence of IBD and IBB was surprising. It is possible that the signal effects of geographic distance and barriers on genetic divergence may have been erased by more recent responses to the environment.

Gradual evolution of male genitalia in a sibling species complex of millipedes (Diplopoda : Spirobolida : Rhinocricidae : Anadenobolus)

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 711 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason E. Bond ◽  
David A. Beamer ◽  
Marshal C. Hedin ◽  
Petra Sierwald
Keyword(s):  
Male Genitalia ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Unusual Case ◽  
Incomplete Lineage Sorting ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Lineage Sorting ◽  
Gradual Evolution ◽  
Copulatory Structure

Jamaican millipedes in the Anadenobolus species complex provide an unusual case study of arthropods having undergone speciation in the absence of conspicuous divergence of male genitalia. Using landmark-based morphometrics, we examined shape deformation of the male anterior copulatory device in three genetically divergent yet morphologically cryptic species. A multivariate analysis of variance and relative warp analysis of nonuniform components show that although male genitalic shape is statistically different among species, many specimens are 'misplaced' in morphological space, perhaps consistent with a condition analogous to incomplete lineage sorting. A simulation of neutral nuclear gene coalescence suggests that such incomplete sorting is expected, given the depth of mtDNA divergences observed across species. The pronounced contrast between deep molecular v. incomplete genitalic divergence is at odds with the paradigm of selection-driven rapid change in male copulatory structure during arthropod speciation. Alternatively, we suggest that male genitalic divergence is evolving neutrally or in concert with other components of the genome (pleiotropy). Although we recognise the empirical validity of rapid genitalic divergence via sexual selection or sexual conflict, such models must be empirically tested using multiple lines of evidence. Accepting the rapid and divergent hypothesis without such multiple evidence scrutiny may result in a gross underestimation of evolutionary diversity and, subsequently, the misinterpretation of processes shaping genitalic change.

Existence of species complex largely reduced barcoding success for invasive species of Tephritidae: a case study inBactroceraspp.

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1114-1128 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Jiang ◽  
Q. Jin ◽  
L. Liang ◽  
A. B. Zhang ◽  
Z. H. Li
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Species Complex

scholarly journals A new vector system for targeted integration and overexpression of genes in the crop pathogen Fusarium solani

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikkel Rank Nielsen ◽  
Anna Karolina Rilana Holzwarth ◽  
Emmett Brew ◽  
Natalia Chrapkova ◽  
Samba Evelyne Kabemba Kaniki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Gene Cluster ◽  
Fusarium Solani ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Yellow Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Vector System ◽  
Fungal Transformation ◽  
First Case

Abstract Background Besides their ability to produce several interesting bioactive secondary metabolites, members of the Fusarium solani species complex comprise important pathogens of plants and humans. One of the major obstacles in understanding the biology of this species complex is the lack of efficient molecular tools for genetic manipulation. Results To remove this obstacle we here report the development of a reliable system where the vectors are generated through yeast recombinational cloning and inserted into a specific site in F. solani through Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation. As proof-of-concept, the enhanced yellow fluorescent protein (eYFP) was inserted in a non-coding genomic position of F. solani and subsequent analyses showed that the resulting transformants were fluorescent on all tested media. In addition, we cloned and overexpressed the Zn(II)2Cys6 transcriptional factor fsr6 controlling mycelial pigmentation. A transformant displayed deep red/purple pigmentation stemming from bostrycoidin and javanicin. Conclusion By creating streamlined plasmid construction and fungal transformation systems, we are now able to express genes in the crop pathogen F. solani in a reliable and fast manner. As a case study, we targeted and activated the fusarubin (PKS3: fsr) gene cluster, which is the first case study of secondary metabolites being directly associated with the responsible gene cluster in F. solani via targeted activation. The system provides an approach that in the future can be used by the community to understand the biochemistry and genetics of the Fusarium solani species complex, and is obtainable from Addgene catalog #133094. Graphic abstract

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