Nutrient-dependent recovery of Atlantic salmon streams from a catastrophic flood

2001 ◽  
Vol 58 (8) ◽  
pp. 1672-1682 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhongyan Weng ◽  
Nandita Mookerji ◽  
Asit Mazumder
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Benthic Invertebrates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Stream Communities ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
The Impact

The impact of a major flood and recovery of the stream communities under contrasting nutrient conditions were studied in two second-order streams of Sainte-Marguerite River, Quebec. A massive flood during the summer of 1996 caused extensive displacement of the stream substratum and severe reductions in the abundance of all biota: periphyton, benthic invertebrates, juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) (especially in the 0+ age-class). In the postflood recovery phase, nutrient-enriched sections recovered significantly more rapidly than the nonenriched sections. After 1 month, periphyton biomass in the enriched sections had increased to five times that of the preflood levels, and after 2 months, the invertebrate communities had recovered to preflood levels. Fish densities and growth rates also returned to normal levels more rapidly in the enriched sections. Our results suggest that nutrient-rich systems are more resilient to massive disturbances, and so, nutrient enrichment may represent a viable tool for restoring nutrient-limited systems.

Using 137Cs to measure and compare bioenergetic budgets of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in the field

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 875-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Tucker ◽  
J B Rasmussen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Precocious Males ◽  
Annual Consumption ◽  
Consumption Rates ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

Through the 137Cs mass balance method, annual consumption rates were estimated for juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and precocious males as well as for brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) at four sites in the Ste-Marguerite River system, Québec. With explicit age analysis, consumption rates and growth rates were derived on an individual fish and age-class basis. These represent the first consumption estimates for Atlantic salmon in the wild. Precocious males had consumption rates 1.5 times greater than nonmaturing parr, while Atlantic salmon parr consumption rates were 2.7 times greater than brook trout. There was a strong positive relationship between individual annual consumption and growth rates for Atlantic salmon and brook trout at all sites. Subsequently the concept of field maintenance ration was introduced as the intercept of consumption over growth. Maintenance rations for Atlantic salmon parr ranged from 0.010 to 0.016 g·g-1·day-1 between sites. Brook trout had maintenance rations approximately half those of Atlantic salmon at 0.0059 g·g-1·day-1. Precocious male growth efficiencies were half those of nonmaturing parr despite higher feeding and growth rates. Brook trout growth efficiencies were significantly greater than those of Atlantic salmon parr. The lower growth efficiencies observed for Atlantic salmon are likely due to increased metabolic costs associated with higher activity. On average, Atlantic salmon parr spent 2.4-fold more energy in activity than brook trout. Atlantic salmon precocious males spent 1.7 times more energy in activity than parr.

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) habitat overlap with wild Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in natural streams: do habitat and landscape factors override competitive interactions?

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 1949-1959
Author(s):  
Scott D. Roloson ◽  
Kyle M. Knysh ◽  
Michael R.S. Coffin ◽  
Karen L. Gormley ◽  
Christina C. Pater ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Habitat Overlap ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Natural Streams

The purpose of this study was to update rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) invasion status, delineate factors that increase the invasion probability, and quantify habitat overlap between invasive rainbow trout and native Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) on Prince Edward Island, Canada. Analysis of landscape-level variables in 26 watersheds (14 with and 12 without rainbow trout) demonstrated that watershed slope, percent agricultural land use, and distance to the nearest rainbow trout population significantly increased the probability of rainbow trout establishment. Two independent reach-level fish community surveys were conducted by electrofishing in combination with habitat surveys. Reaches with rainbow trout had higher stream slope, Atlantic salmon were found in wider reaches with larger substrate, and brook trout were typically dominant in headwater reaches with finer substrate. Findings at multiple ecological scales illustrated that rainbow trout invasion success is positively influenced by the presence of high-slope habitat. Habitat separation of the three salmonid species indicates that competition with introduced rainbow trout may not be the most significant threat to native salmonid populations.

Effects of Two Insecticides on the Vulnerability of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Parr to Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) Predation

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Hatfield ◽  
J. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Laboratory Work ◽  
Organophosphate Insecticide ◽  
Safe Haven ◽  
Noticeable Effect ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The experiments were conducted in large outdoor concrete pools in which the salmon had access to a safe haven. After exposure for 24 hr to 1.0 ppm of the organophosphate insecticide, Sumithion, Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were more vulnerable than unexposed fish to prédation by large brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Sumithion at 0.1 ppm, and DDT at 0.07 ppm, had no noticeable effect. The results, particularly for Sumithion, correlate well with previous laboratory work on the effect of insecticides on the learning ability of salmon.

Interactions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Vermont tributaries of the Connecticut River

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Raffenberg ◽  
Donna L Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Competitive interactions among stream salmonids in resource-limited environments have been linked to reduced success for many species. Few studies have focused on interactions at scales larger than individual fish or stream reach. We chose to focus our study on these larger scales to provide information for managing species that have complex life histories transcending multiple scales. Our objective was to explore age-0 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth and survival in relation to trout abundance (introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and native brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout) and prey resources at 24 stream reaches across two Vermont watersheds that flow into the Connecticut River. Simple linear and multilinear regressions were conducted on response and predictor variables related to fish and invertebrate prey. Age-0 Atlantic salmon survival was greatest at the site with highest trout abundance; however, no linear relationships to trout abundance were detected possibly because Atlantic salmon growth and survival were highly variable across sites. In contrast, a positive significant multivariate relationship was identified among age-0 Atlantic salmon survival, the abundance of age-1+ brook trout (i.e., 100–130 mm), and benthic prey abundance. These results suggest that stocking streams based on trout abundance may not increase Atlantic salmon growth and survival during the first summer of life.

Fyke Net Catches as Indices of the Abundance of Brook Trout, Salvelinus fontinalis, and Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar

1984 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. M. Ryan
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Relative Abundance ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Catch Per Unit Effort ◽  
Small Lakes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Fyke Nets

The catch per unit effort (CPUE) data of brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in fyke nets set in two small lakes in central Newfoundland were compared with population densities estimated with Schnabel multiple mark–recapture experiments each spring and fall from 1978 to 1982. The catchability of brook trout did not differ significantly between lakes or seasons, and CPUE was an index of the relative abundance of trout within and between lakes. In contrast, the catchability of Atlantic salmon differed greatly between lakes and varied seasonally, being greater in the spring but less in the fall than the catchability of brook trout. Comparisons of relative salmon abundance between lakes or of the relative abundance of brook trout to Atlantic salmon within or between lakes require a correction for seasonal differences in the catchability of salmon.

Seasonal Depth Distributions of Landlocked Atlantic Salmon, Brook Trout, Landlocked Alewives, and American Smelt in a Small Lake

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 (9) ◽  
pp. 1656-1661 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Lackey
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Deep Water ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Depth Distributions

Seasonal depth distributions of landlocked Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), landlocked alewives (Alosa pseudoharengus), and American smelt (Osmerus mordax) were determined monthly in Echo Lake, Maine, using vertical and horizontal gillnets.Salmon were wide-ranging fish, but generally not captured in very shallow or very deep water. Brook trout were primarily an inshore species, not often captured in water deeper than 25 ft, and nearly always found close to the lake bottom. The majority of captured alewives were taken from shallow to middepths (0–30 ft) in summer and fall and in deep water during winter and spring. Smelts were widely distributed, but the majority were captured in water deeper than 30 ft every month.No clear temperature or dissolved oxygen preference could be shown for any of the four species.

Plasma electrolytes, gill aluminum content, and gill morphology of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) indigenous to acidic streams of Nova Scotia

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (6) ◽  
pp. 1270-1280 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Lacroix ◽  
D. J. Hood ◽  
C. S. Belfry ◽  
T. G. Rand
Keyword(s):  
Nova Scotia ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Low Ph ◽  
Secondary Lamellae ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Plasma Electrolytes ◽  
Gill Morphology

Plasma electrolytes and gill [Al] were determined and gill morphology and histology were examined in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) from feral populations in acidic streams of southwest Nova Scotia. Plasma [Na+] and [Cl−] were lowest in fish from streams with the lowest pH levels, but there were no correlations between plasma [Na+] or [Cl−] and exchangeable [Al] in streams for both species. Gill [Al] increased exponentially with increasing exchangeable [Al] in water, but was less than 100 μg/g dry weight in both species. There were no correlations between plasma [Na+] or [Cl−] and gill [Al] for both species, and plasma [Na+] and [Cl−] were ultimately linked to low pH. Scanning electron microscopy of gills showed normal primary and secondary lamellae, with few signs of fusion or hyperplasia, only a slight amount of mucus, regular chloride cell crypts, and epithelial cells with distinct microridges. Histology of gill sections showed few lesions in the primary lamellae but some focal histologic lesions in the secondary lamellae of greater than 50% of fish, regardless of ambient pH or [Al]. The histopathology included hypertrophy of individual epithelial, mucous, and chloride cells, clubbing of tips of secondary lamellae, and localized epithelial hyperplasia. These features were focal and not comparable to the extensive morphological changes or histologic lesions usually attributed to high [Al] at low pH. Dissolved organic carbon concentrations greater than 5 mg/L in the acidic streams apparently afforded protection against Al effects at concentrations of at least 360 μg total Al/L.

Abundance and Potential Pathology of Parasites Infecting Salmonids in Canadian Maritime Hatcheries

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (6) ◽  
pp. 1031-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Hare ◽  
C. Frantsi
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Infection Intensity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Host Age ◽  
Intensity Of Infection ◽  
First Time

Seventeen parasite species (3 protozoans, 11 helminths, 2 arthropods, and 1 mollusc) were collected from 317 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), 207 brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis), and 34 rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) in the 13 Canadian Maritime hatcheries during 1972. Four parasites, Camallanus oxycephalus, Pomphorhynchus bulbocolli, Hydrachna sp., and a glochidium, were recorded from Atlantic salmon for the first time. Incidence and intensity of infection were high for Trichophyra piscium, Diplostomulum spathaceum, and glochidia infecting salmon and for Acanthocephalus lateralis and Salmincola edwardsii infecting brook trout. Infection intensity of Apophallus imperator, D. spathaceum, S. edwardsii, and glochidia increased with host age. Apophallus imperator and S. edwardsii were host specific to brook trout and the glochidium was host specific to salmon. Sterliadochona tenuissima and A. lateralis were more abundant in brook trout than in salmon. Pathology was associated with infections of Hexamita salmonis, D. spathaceum, A. lateralis, and S. edwardsii.

Top-Down Effects of Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) in a Boreal Forest Stream

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (10) ◽  
pp. 2093-2103 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Bechara ◽  
Guy Moreau ◽  
Dolors Planas
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Fish Predation ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Selective Predation ◽  
Fish Introduction ◽  
Forest Stream ◽  
Periphyton Biomass ◽  
The Impact

The impact of fish predation on epibenthic organisms at different trophic levels was studied in a series of replicated experimental outdoor channels fed by a boreal forest stream (Québec, Canada). Brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were introduced into five of 10 channels according to a randomized block experimental design. Periphyton biomass (expressed as total chlorophyll a and total organic matter) and macroinvertebrate biomass were measured four times during the summer. The biomass of small insects such as Chironomidae was always higher in the presence than in the absence of fish, while the biomass of larger invertebrates such as Baetis (Ephemeroptera) and Psychoglypha subborealis (Trichoptera) was reduced in the presence of fish. Periphyton biomass was significantly greater in channels with fish on the first sampling date after fish introduction but not at later dates. Complementary cage experiments, involving both the inclusion and exclusion of selected invertebrates from periphyton-covered surfaces, demonstrated that the presence of Baetis can reduce the periphytic biomass, while the presence of P. subborealis can reduce the biomass of Chironomidae. Overall, these results suggest that size-selective predation by brook trout can cause profound changes in the structure of epibenthic communities at primary as well as secondary trophic levels.

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