Impact of differential energy allocation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) precocious males on otolith–somatic size proportionality: a longitudinal approach

2002 ◽  
Vol 59 (10) ◽  
pp. 1575-1583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Aubin-Horth ◽  
Julian J Dodson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Energy Allocation ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Longitudinal Approach ◽  
Back Calculation ◽  
Somatic Size

We studied juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) males that become precociously mature or not at age-1+ to test the hypothesis that differential energy allocation affects the relationship between otolith size and fish size and to validate the use of a back-calculation method to estimate size over 30 weeks. We used a longitudinal approach by repeatedly measuring marked fish and obtaining corresponding otolith radius measurements. Differential energy allocation of mature males did not affect the proportionality ratio between otolith and somatic size. Short-term otolith growth varied with short-term somatic growth, but only weakly with temperature. Some correlation coefficients of the covariation of otolith growth estimated over a longer time interval with somatic growth were significantly greater than the short-term estimate. For mature and immature males, back-calculated lengths accurately estimated the observed individual length on practically all occasions. These results indicate that back-calculation can be used to estimate size for Atlantic salmon with different energy allocation patterns. Variable strength of coupling of otolith and somatic growth depending on time interval suggests that these processes are completed on different time scales.

scholarly journals The Analysis of Live-Attenuated Piscirickettsia salmonis Vaccine Reveals the Short-Term Upregulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Genes in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar): An In Situ Open-Sea Cages Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 703
Author(s):  
Deborah Vargas ◽  
Eva Vallejos-Vidal ◽  
Sebastián Reyes-Cerpa ◽  
Aarón Oyarzún-Arrau ◽  
Claudio Acuña-Castillo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Live Attenuated Vaccine ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Post Vaccination ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Piscirickettsia Salmonis

Piscirickettsia salmonis, the etiological agent of the Salmon Rickettsial Septicemia (SRS), is one the most serious health problems for the Chilean salmon industry. Typical antimicrobial strategies used against P. salmonis include antibiotics and vaccines, but these applications have largely failed. A few years ago, the first attenuated-live vaccine against SRS (ALPHA JECT LiVac® SRS vaccine) was released to the market. However, there is no data about the agents involved in the activation of the immune response induced under field conditions. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the expression profile of a set of gene markers related to innate and adaptive immunity in the context of a cellular response in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) reared under productive farm conditions and immunized with a live-attenuated vaccine against P. salmonis. We analyzed the expression at zero, 5-, 15- and 45-days post-vaccination (dpv). Our results reveal that the administration of the attenuated live SRS LiVac vaccine induces a short-term upregulation of the cellular-mediated immune response at 5 dpv modulated by the upregulation of ifnα, ifnγ, and the cd4 and cd8α T cell surface markers. In addition, we also registered the upregulation of il-10 and tgfβ. Altogether, the results suggest that a balanced activation of the immune response took place only at early times post-vaccination (5 dpv). The scope of this short-term upregulation of the cellular-mediated immune response against a natural outbreak in fish subjected to productive farm conditions deserves further research.

Comparison of Otolith-Based Back-Calculation Methods to Determine Individual Growth Histories of Larval Striped Bass, Morone saxatilis

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (7) ◽  
pp. 1439-1454 ◽  
Author(s):  
David H. Secor ◽  
John Mark Dean
Keyword(s):  
Striped Bass ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Morone Saxatilis ◽  
Growth Effect ◽  
Individual Growth ◽  
Quadratic Model ◽  
Calculation Methods ◽  
Otolith Growth ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Back Calculation

In rearing studies on 6- to 22-d-old larval striped bass, Morone saxatilis, we applied several back-calculation methods to known-growth larvae. A growth effect occurred on otolith diameter – standard length relationships, where slower growing larvae had relatively larger otoliths. Otolith growth was less affected by feeding regime than was somatic growth. Due to the conservative nature of otolith growth, proportional based (Biological Intercept Method) and simple linear regression methods linearized somatic growth transitions and did not estimate periods of negative growth. A quadratic regression method which used age as an additional predictor resulted in the accurate back-calculation of size at age in all groups of laboratory-reared larvae. However, when model coefficients were applied to a test population of pond-reared larvae, the quadratic model performed poorly. While differences in relative otolith size between pond- and laboratory-reared larvae could be ascribed to a temperature effect, the inability to apply the model also indicates a problem specific to regression-based methods. Theoretical rationale and experimental proof provided evidence for the inclusion of age in back-calculation models, but parameterization will have to occur for each field application.

scholarly journals Congruence between automatic fish counter data and rod catches of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Scottish rivers

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 808-817 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Thorley ◽  
D.M.R. Eatherley ◽  
A.B. Stephen ◽  
I. Simpson ◽  
J.C. MacLean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Residual Variation ◽  
Term Variation ◽  
Temporal And Spatial ◽  
Counter Data

Abstract The potential utility of rod catch and automatic fish counter data as measures of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) abundance in Scottish rivers was assessed. The trend (long-term) and residual (short-term) variation in the net annual count for 12 counters were compared with the trend and residual variation in either the annual or spring (February–May) rod catch, as appropriate, for the fisheries district in which the counter is located. Trends were fitted using a cubic smoothing spline and compared using reference bands. In eight of the 12 short-term comparisons, the residuals were significantly correlated. The four incongruent short-term comparisons involved the shortest time-series (≤12 years) or lowest rod catches. In eight of the 12 long-term comparisons, the trends fell within the reference bands in 50% or more of the years. Rod catch and counter data both contain useful information about Atlantic salmon abundance, albeit on different temporal and spatial scales, which should be integrated into assessment schemes.

Tainting of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) by petroleum hydrocarbons during a short-term exposure

1992 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 310-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horacio Heras ◽  
Robert G. Ackman ◽  
Ena J. Macpherson
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Petroleum Hydrocarbons ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Short Term Exposure

Lethal Levels of Mixed Copper–Zinc Solutions for Juvenile Salmon

1965 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 425-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Sprague ◽  
B. Ann Ramsay
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Additive Effect ◽  
Juvenile Salmon ◽  
Additive Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Toxic Units ◽  
Lethal Level ◽  
Copper Zinc

The toxicity of copper and zinc sulphates to juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) was tested in very soft water at 17 °C. The salts were tested separately and in mixtures. Incipient lethal levels were 32 μg/litre of copper alone or 420 μg/litre of zinc alone.Concentrations were expressed in "toxic units" by taking them as proportions of incipient lethal levels. Compared this way, resistance-times were similar for the two metals. Experiments showed that the incipient lethal level for mixtures was attained when addition of toxic units contributed by each metal reached a total of 1.0. The lethal threshold was therefore governed by simple additive effect of the two toxicants. This result is useful for applying to pollution problems in the field.In stronger mixtures totalling 2 and 5 toxic units, fish died faster than would be expected from their resistance to the metals separately. This type of potentiation in short-term tests seems to account for more-than-additive effects previously reported in the literature.

Structural alterations in embryos and alevins of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., induced by continuous or short-term exposure to acidic levels of pH

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-43 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. G. Daye ◽  
E. T. Garside
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Petroleum Fractions ◽  
Short Term Exposure ◽  
Vascular Structures ◽  
Branchial Epithelium

Embryos of the Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., were incubated continuously from fertilization, at pH 6.8 (control), 5.0, 4.5, 4.3, 4.0, and 3.7, at 5–6 °C. The subsequent alevins in these environments were maintained at these levels for 40 days after hatching. Generally, lethal and sublethal injuries were separable only as to degree and distribution. Sublethal alterations occurred in the integument, gill, blood, and blood vascular structures of all live alevins incubated at pH 5.0 and lower. At pH 4.5 and lower, injuries also occurred in brain, optic retina, kidney, and spleen. Some tissue regeneration occurred in the embryonal rudimentary integument at pH 4.5 and lower. Regeneration also occurred but to a lesser degree in pseudobranch, kidney, spleen, and erythrocytes. Injury of the integument was the apparent cause of death in prehatching embryos since it is the major site of respiration and ion exchange. As gills expand in posthatching alevins, they assume these functions and destruction of branchial epithelium then becomes the prime cause of death. The nature of cell injury and consequent dysgenesis at tissue and organ levels are not ascribable uniquely to acidic stress. Some injuries are similar to those caused variously by heavy metals, detergents, halogenated organic compounds, some petroleum fractions, and chronic and acute high temperature in postalevin stages of several species of fish.

Otolith and somatic growth rates in Atlantic salmon parr, Salmo salar L: evidence against coupling

1990 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 241-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Wright ◽  
N. B. Metcalfe ◽  
J. E. Thorpe
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Somatic Growth ◽  
Salmon Parr ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Parr

scholarly journals Impacts of short-term acid and aluminum exposure on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) physiology: A direct comparison of parr and smolts

2008 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Y. Monette ◽  
Stephen D. McCormick
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Aluminum Exposure ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar
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