Predator-recognition training of hatchery-reared walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and a field test of a training method using yellow perch (Perca flavescens)

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2144-2150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian D Wisenden ◽  
Josh Klitzke ◽  
Ryan Nelson ◽  
David Friedl ◽  
Peter C Jacobson
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Predation Mortality ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues ◽  
In Captivity ◽  
Full Complement

Fishes reared in captivity are predator-naïve and suffer large predation mortality when stocked into lakes with a full complement of predators. We tested the potential of predator training to enhance post-stocking survival of hatchery-reared walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). In the first part of the study, we found that walleye (i) use chemical cues for assessing predation risk, (ii) do not have innate recognition of the odor of northern pike (Esox lucius) as an indicator of predation, and (iii) associate predation risk with pike odor after a single simultaneous encounter with pike odor and chemical alarm cues from walleye skin. In the second part of the study, we attempted to mass-train yellow perch, Perca flavescens (as a surrogate for walleye), to fear pike odor. Perch response to pike odor was not changed by placing sponge blocks containing pike odor and perch alarm cues around the perimeter of a pond. On pre- and post-training assays, perch avoided traps scented with perch alarm cues, but did not avoid traps labeled with pike odor or water. We conclude that recognition training offers potential as a management tool for walleye, but significant logistic challenges must be solved before it can be implemented.

scholarly journals Living in mixed species groups promotes predator learning in degraded habitats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas P. Chivers ◽  
Mark I. McCormick ◽  
Eric P. Fakan ◽  
Randall P. Barry ◽  
Maud C. O. Ferrari
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues ◽  
Pomacentrus Amboinensis ◽  
Predator Foraging ◽  
Predator Learning ◽  
Predator Odour

AbstractLiving in mix-species aggregations provides animals with substantive anti-predator, foraging and locomotory advantages while simultaneously exposing them to costs, including increased competition and pathogen exposure. Given each species possess unique morphology, competitive ability, parasite vulnerability and predator defences, we can surmise that each species in mixed groups will experience a unique set of trade-offs. In addition to this unique balance, each species must also contend with anthropogenic changes, a relatively new, and rapidly increasing phenomenon, that adds further complexity to any system. This complex balance of biotic and abiotic factors is on full display in the exceptionally diverse, yet anthropogenically degraded, Great Barrier Reef of Australia. One such example within this intricate ecosystem is the inability of some damselfish to utilize their own chemical alarm cues within degraded habitats, leaving them exposed to increased predation risk. These cues, which are released when the skin is damaged, warn nearby individuals of increased predation risk and act as a crucial associative learning tool. Normally, a single exposure of alarm cues paired with an unknown predator odour facilitates learning of that new odour as dangerous. Here, we show that Ambon damselfish, Pomacentrus amboinensis, a species with impaired alarm responses in degraded habitats, failed to learn a novel predator odour as risky when associated with chemical alarm cues. However, in the same degraded habitats, the same species learned to recognize a novel predator as risky when the predator odour was paired with alarm cues of the closely related, and co-occurring, whitetail damselfish, Pomacentrus chrysurus. The importance of this learning opportunity was underscored in a survival experiment which demonstrated that fish in degraded habitats trained with heterospecific alarm cues, had higher survival than those we tried to train with conspecific alarm cues. From these data, we conclude that redundancy in learning mechanisms among prey guild members may lead to increased stability in rapidly changing environments.

Responses of Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) and Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) Populations to Removal of White Sucker (Catostomus commersoni) from a Minnesota Lake, 1966

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1633-1642 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fritz H. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Species Interactions ◽  
Standing Crop ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Food Competition ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Catostomus Commersoni ◽  
Young Of The Year ◽  
Fish Species Diversity

In a northeastern Minnesota lake subject only to sportfishing, removal of 85% of the estimated standing crop (34 kg/ha) of adult white suckers, Catostomus commersoni in 1966 was followed by marked changes in community structure and interrelations. During 7 yr alter the removal: catch indices for adult suckers remained far below those before the sucker removal but juvenile suckers increased about 17-fold; yellow perch, Perca flavescens, increased about 15-fold; walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, standing crop increased about one-third; mayflies increased in diet of adult perch and smaller invertebrates decreased; micro-crustaceans increased in diet of young-of-the-year and juvenile perch; young-of-the-year perch increased in diet of adult walleye; walleye angling yield increased from an average of 3.0 kg/ha before the removal to an average of 4.9 kg/ha in 1970–73; the rate of exploitation of adult walleye did not change with increase in angling effort; and the increased walleye harvest consisted mostly of fish recruited to the catch during the fishing season. The average annual harvest of walleye in 1970–73 exceeded estimated potential production for all fish by 81.5% and probably cannot be sustained. Removal of white suckers from lakes with limited fish species diversity appears to benefit percid populations. Key words: Percidae, species interactions, (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum), Perca flavescens, Catostomus commersoni, harvests, community response, community ecology, food, competition

Variable predation risk and the dynamic nature of mosquito antipredator responses to chemical alarm cues

Chemoecology ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 223-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud C. O. Ferrari ◽  
François Messier ◽  
Douglas P. Chivers
Keyword(s):  
Predation Risk ◽  
Alarm Cues ◽  
Dynamic Nature ◽  
Chemical Alarm Cues ◽  
Antipredator Responses

Bioenergetic Simulations of Mercury Uptake and Retention in Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens)

1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 217-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.C. Harris ◽  
W.J. Snodgrass
Keyword(s):  
Mercury Concentration ◽  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Mercury Accumulation ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Food Uptake ◽  
Uptake Pathway ◽  
Mercury Uptake ◽  
Lake Waters

Abstract Bioenergetic models for mercury accumulation in walleye (Stizostedion vitreum) and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) were calibrated on the basis of data which indicate that methylmercury concentrations in oxic, unpolluted lake waters are on the order of 0.04 to 0.40 ug m−3. This range reflects improved analytical capabilities in recent years and is significantly lower than earlier estimates on the order of 4 μg m−3. For both yellow perch and walleye, the calibrations of bioenergetics equations in this study strongly suggest that the food uptake pathway is dominant for methylmercury in oxic unpolluted freshwaters, in comparison to uptake across the gills. The food pathway is predicted to be responsible for 90% or more of methylmercury uptake in yellow perch and walleye in oxic freshwaters with methylmercury concentrations less than 0.3 to 0.4 μg m−3. As a result of the dominance of the food uptake pathway, mercury concentrations in fish were strongly influenced by the mercury concentration in the diet. A change in the source of the walleye diet from benthos to fish resulted in a significant increase in the rate of mercury accumulation. The calibrations resulted in a 5-year old yellow perch achieving a mercury concentration of 0.15–0.20 μg g−1, and a 4-year old, 1 kg walleye achieving a mercury concentration of about 0.45 μg g−1.

Photoreceptors and Visual Pigments as Related to Behavioral Responses and Preferred Habitats of Perches (Perca spp.) and Pikeperches (Stizostedion spp.)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1475-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Ali ◽  
R. A. Ryder ◽  
M. Anctil
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Predator Prey ◽  
Tapetum Lucidum ◽  
Retinal Structure ◽  
And Function

A review of the literature indicated contrasts in retinal structure and function between perches (Perca spp.) and pikeperches (Stizostedion spp.). Foremost among these were differences in size and distribution of rods, size and shape of cones, extent of retinomotor responses, possession or lack of reflecting material, and relative concentrations of melanin. The perches are primarily active by daylight, whereas the pikeperches are most active during twilight or at night. The coincidental occupancy of shoal areas by yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum) at twilight is related to decreasing visual acuity of the former and the approach of optimum visual performance in the latter species. On this basis the two species have a classic predator–prey relationship. Key words: histology, light, Perca sp., photopic vision, predation, retina, Stizostedion vitreum vitreum, symbiosis, tapetum lucidum

The in vitro effects of mammalian and piscine gonadotropin and pituitary preparations on final maturation in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum)

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 348-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick W. Goetz ◽  
Harold L. Bergman
Keyword(s):  
Yellow Perch ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Germinal Vesicle ◽  
Stizostedion Vitreum ◽  
Germinal Vesicle Breakdown ◽  
Final Maturation ◽  
In Vitro Effects

The in vitro effects of various gonadotropin and pituitary preparations on germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD) were investigated in yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and walleye (Stizostedion vitreum). All preparations tested were effective in walleye; however, none of the preparations induced significant GVBD in yellow perch.

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