Winter growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in experimental raceways

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2350-2357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donna L Parrish ◽  
Ethan J Hawes ◽  
Kevin G Whalen
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Lower Velocity ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Mature Parr ◽  
In The Wild

We used experimental raceways to determine overwinter mortality of wild-reared immature and mature post-young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Secondarily, we investigated the effects of differing treatments (velocity and shelter) on winter growth and survival. Overall survival from November to April was 94%, and survival of immature (98%) and mature (90%) parr, although statistically different, was very similar. Immature parr grew more in length than mature parr, and both immature and mature parr in higher velocity (12 cm·s–1) raceways grew more than those in lower velocity (0.6 cm·s–1) raceways. Stomach contents were twofold greater in parr occupying higher velocity raceways than those in lower velocity raceways. Caloric content of immature and mature parr did not differ in any of five monthly samples. Lowest caloric content occurred in early February and increased between February and March when water temperatures were well below those considered optimal for growth. Although ice cover was present, isolating parr from conditions that occur in natural settings may have helped parr achieve nearly 2.5 times greater survival than parr in the wild. Further, whereas previous studies showed parr select habitats to minimize energetic loss, our results show a distinct advantage for parr to expend energy to feed during winter.

The effect of porcine somatotropin on growth, and survival in seawater of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Komourdjian ◽  
R. L. Saunders ◽  
J. C. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Porcine Somatotropin

The effects of porcine growth hormone on growth and salinity tolerance were studied in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Fish were held in freshwater at 11.5 °C during June and July under a photoperiod with light to dark periods opposite to the prevailing natural conditions. Fish treated with 1.0 μg/g body weight of growth hormone preparation on alternate days were significantly longer (P <.05), after 4 weeks, than placebo-injected controls. All hormone-injected fish survived transfer to seawater, 30‰ salinity. But under the same conditions, placebo-injected control fish showed a high mortality rate. Growth-hormone treatment caused a darkening of fin margins and a yellowing of the operculae and fin surfaces. The silvering which normally accompanies smoltification was not observed. The role of growth hormone in eliciting these actions and its possible role in the parr–smolt transformation are discussed.

Feeding by Hatchery-Reared and Wild Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Parr in Streams

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1408-1412 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. Sosiak ◽  
R. G. Randall ◽  
J. A. McKenzie
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Food Selection ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Stomach Fullness ◽  
Size Dependent ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Feeding Experience ◽  
Salmon Parr

Hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr were captured 1–3 mo after release in streams, along with wild parr from the same streams. Identification of their stomach contents showed total number of organisms and number of taxa per stomach were greater and there was a higher index of stomach fullness in wild than in hatchery parr resident ≤ 2 mo in a stream. Wild parr consumed more Brachycentridae, Hydroptilidae, Diptera, and Plecoptera than did hatchery parr, but sometimes less Odontoceridae and Heptageniidae. These differences may have arisen from size-dependent food selection, the effects of feeding experience, or possible microhabitat differences between wild and hatchery parr. Key words: salmon parr, hatchery-reared, wild, feeding

Maladaptation and phenotypic mismatch in hatchery-reared Atlantic salmon Salmo salar released in the wild

2014 ◽  
Vol 85 (6) ◽  
pp. 1927-1945 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Stringwell ◽  
A. Lock ◽  
C. J. Stutchbury ◽  
E. Baggett ◽  
J. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
In The Wild

Age at Sexual Maturity in Icelandic Stocks of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1456-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Scarnecchia
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Ocean Temperature ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Life History Pattern ◽  
Second Year

For Icelandic stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in 77 rivers, the combination of June ocean temperature, length of river ascended by the salmon, discharge of the river in July–September, and latitude explained much of the variation in percentages of grilse — 72% for females and 62% for males. For both sexes, percentage of grilse was directly related to ocean temperature but inversely related to length of river, discharge of river, and latitude. For stocks in 23 Southwest Coast rivers, length of river explained 72% of the variation in percentage of females that were grilse. Females in stocks south of the thermal gradients separating Atlantic from Arctic or Polar water tended to return as grilse; females north of the gradients tended to return after more than one winter at sea. The decline in percentages of grilse clockwise from southwestern to northeastern rivers corresponded closely with the decline in June ocean temperatures between these areas. I hypothesize that the salmon stocks have adapted their age at sexual maturity to the length and discharge of the rivers, natural mortality rates during their second year at sea, and average expected ocean temperatures, reflecting conditions for growth and survival, that the smolts encounter. Age at maturity appears not to be a direct causal response to any of these physical factors, and appears best understood only with reference to the entire life history pattern of each stock.

The marine phase of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life cycle, with comparisons to Pacific salmon

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
L P Hansen ◽  
T P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are distributed over large areas in the north Atlantic Ocean. They usually move very quickly from freshwater to oceanic areas, whereas there is considerable variation among Pacific salmon in early marine movements. In some areas, Atlantic salmon of exploitable size are sufficiently abundant that commercial high seas fisheries have developed. Such areas are off west Greenland, where North American and European fish are harvested, and in the Norwegian Sea, north of the Faroe Islands, where mainly European fish are exploited. Atlantic salmon feed on a wide range of large crustaceans, pelagic fish, and squid in the marine environment, supporting the hypothesis that Atlantic salmon are opportunistic feeders. In the ocean the salmon grow relatively quickly and the sea age when they become sexually mature depends on both genetics and on growing conditions. Natural marine mortality of salmon is highest during the first few months at sea and the major mortality factor is probably predation. However, marine mortality of Atlantic salmon has increased in recent years, apparently correlated with a decline in sea surface temperatures. Similar relationships between environmental conditions and the growth and survival of Pacific salmon have been reported. Atlantic salmon life histories most closely mimic stream-type chinook salmon or steelhead trout among the Pacific species. Finally, Atlantic and Pacific salmon return to their home rivers with high precision and possible mechanisms controlling the oceanic homing migration are presented and discussed.

Interactions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Vermont tributaries of the Connecticut River

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Raffenberg ◽  
Donna L Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Competitive interactions among stream salmonids in resource-limited environments have been linked to reduced success for many species. Few studies have focused on interactions at scales larger than individual fish or stream reach. We chose to focus our study on these larger scales to provide information for managing species that have complex life histories transcending multiple scales. Our objective was to explore age-0 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth and survival in relation to trout abundance (introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and native brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout) and prey resources at 24 stream reaches across two Vermont watersheds that flow into the Connecticut River. Simple linear and multilinear regressions were conducted on response and predictor variables related to fish and invertebrate prey. Age-0 Atlantic salmon survival was greatest at the site with highest trout abundance; however, no linear relationships to trout abundance were detected possibly because Atlantic salmon growth and survival were highly variable across sites. In contrast, a positive significant multivariate relationship was identified among age-0 Atlantic salmon survival, the abundance of age-1+ brook trout (i.e., 100–130 mm), and benthic prey abundance. These results suggest that stocking streams based on trout abundance may not increase Atlantic salmon growth and survival during the first summer of life.

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