Age at Sexual Maturity in Icelandic Stocks of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar)

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (9) ◽  
pp. 1456-1468 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L. Scarnecchia
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Ocean Temperature ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Life History Pattern ◽  
Second Year

For Icelandic stocks of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in 77 rivers, the combination of June ocean temperature, length of river ascended by the salmon, discharge of the river in July–September, and latitude explained much of the variation in percentages of grilse — 72% for females and 62% for males. For both sexes, percentage of grilse was directly related to ocean temperature but inversely related to length of river, discharge of river, and latitude. For stocks in 23 Southwest Coast rivers, length of river explained 72% of the variation in percentage of females that were grilse. Females in stocks south of the thermal gradients separating Atlantic from Arctic or Polar water tended to return as grilse; females north of the gradients tended to return after more than one winter at sea. The decline in percentages of grilse clockwise from southwestern to northeastern rivers corresponded closely with the decline in June ocean temperatures between these areas. I hypothesize that the salmon stocks have adapted their age at sexual maturity to the length and discharge of the rivers, natural mortality rates during their second year at sea, and average expected ocean temperatures, reflecting conditions for growth and survival, that the smolts encounter. Age at maturity appears not to be a direct causal response to any of these physical factors, and appears best understood only with reference to the entire life history pattern of each stock.

The effect of porcine somatotropin on growth, and survival in seawater of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr

1976 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 531-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Komourdjian ◽  
R. L. Saunders ◽  
J. C. Fenwick
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Porcine Somatotropin

The effects of porcine growth hormone on growth and salinity tolerance were studied in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) parr. Fish were held in freshwater at 11.5 °C during June and July under a photoperiod with light to dark periods opposite to the prevailing natural conditions. Fish treated with 1.0 μg/g body weight of growth hormone preparation on alternate days were significantly longer (P <.05), after 4 weeks, than placebo-injected controls. All hormone-injected fish survived transfer to seawater, 30‰ salinity. But under the same conditions, placebo-injected control fish showed a high mortality rate. Growth-hormone treatment caused a darkening of fin margins and a yellowing of the operculae and fin surfaces. The silvering which normally accompanies smoltification was not observed. The role of growth hormone in eliciting these actions and its possible role in the parr–smolt transformation are discussed.

Smolt development and subsequent sexual maturity in previously mature male Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar)

Aquaculture ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 121 (1-3) ◽  
pp. 79-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.L. Saunders ◽  
P.R. Harmon ◽  
D.E. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Mature Male ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Growth and survival of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) in Llyn Dwythwch, North Wales

1978 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 423-431 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. PEDLEY ◽  
J. W. JONES
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
North Wales

Effect of astaxanthin and vitamin A on growth and survival during first feeding of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L.

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 903-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Christiansen ◽  
Ø. Lie ◽  
O.J. Torrissen
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin A ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
First Feeding

The marine phase of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) life cycle, with comparisons to Pacific salmon

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (S1) ◽  
pp. 104-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
L P Hansen ◽  
T P Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
North Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Pacific Salmon ◽  
Mortality Factor ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Wide Range

Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) are distributed over large areas in the north Atlantic Ocean. They usually move very quickly from freshwater to oceanic areas, whereas there is considerable variation among Pacific salmon in early marine movements. In some areas, Atlantic salmon of exploitable size are sufficiently abundant that commercial high seas fisheries have developed. Such areas are off west Greenland, where North American and European fish are harvested, and in the Norwegian Sea, north of the Faroe Islands, where mainly European fish are exploited. Atlantic salmon feed on a wide range of large crustaceans, pelagic fish, and squid in the marine environment, supporting the hypothesis that Atlantic salmon are opportunistic feeders. In the ocean the salmon grow relatively quickly and the sea age when they become sexually mature depends on both genetics and on growing conditions. Natural marine mortality of salmon is highest during the first few months at sea and the major mortality factor is probably predation. However, marine mortality of Atlantic salmon has increased in recent years, apparently correlated with a decline in sea surface temperatures. Similar relationships between environmental conditions and the growth and survival of Pacific salmon have been reported. Atlantic salmon life histories most closely mimic stream-type chinook salmon or steelhead trout among the Pacific species. Finally, Atlantic and Pacific salmon return to their home rivers with high precision and possible mechanisms controlling the oceanic homing migration are presented and discussed.

Interactions of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and trout (Salvelinus fontinalis and Oncorhynchus mykiss) in Vermont tributaries of the Connecticut River

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J Raffenberg ◽  
Donna L Parrish
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Brook Trout ◽  
Life Histories ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Multiple Scales ◽  
Connecticut River ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

Competitive interactions among stream salmonids in resource-limited environments have been linked to reduced success for many species. Few studies have focused on interactions at scales larger than individual fish or stream reach. We chose to focus our study on these larger scales to provide information for managing species that have complex life histories transcending multiple scales. Our objective was to explore age-0 Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) growth and survival in relation to trout abundance (introduced rainbow (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and native brook (Salvelinus fontinalis) trout) and prey resources at 24 stream reaches across two Vermont watersheds that flow into the Connecticut River. Simple linear and multilinear regressions were conducted on response and predictor variables related to fish and invertebrate prey. Age-0 Atlantic salmon survival was greatest at the site with highest trout abundance; however, no linear relationships to trout abundance were detected possibly because Atlantic salmon growth and survival were highly variable across sites. In contrast, a positive significant multivariate relationship was identified among age-0 Atlantic salmon survival, the abundance of age-1+ brook trout (i.e., 100–130 mm), and benthic prey abundance. These results suggest that stocking streams based on trout abundance may not increase Atlantic salmon growth and survival during the first summer of life.

A model for estimating mortality of Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, between spawning events

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (9) ◽  
pp. 1635-1650 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Bradford Hubley ◽  
A. Jamie F. Gibson
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Estimation Model ◽  
Mortality Estimation ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
The North ◽  
Second Year ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

We developed a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate annual mortality of repeat-spawning Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar, that distinguishes between mortality rates and the confounding effects of consecutive-year and alternate-year repeat-spawning strategies. The model provides annual estimates of two mortality rates: mortality in the first year (Z1), a time period during which salmon are primarily in freshwater (staging, spawning, and overwintering) followed by a brief period at sea, and mortality in the second year (Z2) when salmon are predominantly at sea. When fit to data for the LaHave River (Nova Scotia, Canada) salmon population, Z1 showed an increasing trend throughout the time series, whereas Z2 also increased but in a single, stepwise manner. Once a time series of mortality rates was separated from the other life-history parameters, we were able to demonstrate how they could be used for examining the influence of environmental conditions by comparing the estimated mortality rate time series with the North Atlantic Oscillation Index (NAOI). This comparison uncovered a statistically significant correlation between the NAOI and the survival in the second year after spawning that would not have been evident had the mortality estimation model not been developed.

Spatial Correlations of Transferrin Allele Frequencies in Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) Populations from North America

1986 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 1074-1078 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric Verspoor
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Allele Frequency ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Allele Frequencies ◽  
Frequency Variation ◽  
Spatial Correlations ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar ◽  
Life History Pattern ◽  
Selective Forces

Existing analyses of spatial patterns of transferrin (Tf) allele frequency variation in anadromous Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from rivers in North America have not utilized all available data. Further analysis shows that a latitudinal dine in Tf-4 allele frequency previously reported is an artefact of a major regional difference between populations from Newfoundland/Labrador and those sampled elsewhere. Furthermore, the allele frequencies of populations outside Newfoundland/Labrador show a significant association with the proportion of spawning fish in the populations having spent only one winter at sea. Fequencies in Newfoundland/Labrador are collectively consistent with this relationship but by themselves show no similar correlation. These results, combined with previously reported differences between anadromous and nonanadromous fish, suggest that selective forces, which vary with life history pattern, may operate on the polymorphism.

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