Life History of Redside Shiners, Richardsonius balteatus, with Particular Reference to Movements In and Out of Sixteenmile Lake Streams

1963 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1001-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. C. Lindsey ◽  
T. G. Northcote
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Water Levels ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
Maximum Water Temperature ◽  
History Of ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Richardsonius Balteatus ◽  
Downstream Movement

Movements of shiners through two-way traps on inlet and outlet streams of a small British Columbia lake were studied from 1956 to 1962. The date on which adults first entered the inlet each spring corresponded to the first rise of daily maximum stream temperature above 10 °C. Days on which increased numbers of shiners ascended the inlet were positively associated with days of rising daily maximum water temperature, and were not associated with water levels. Egg deposition occurred both in daylight and darkness. Downstream movement of shiner fry was greatest during periods of turbidity, and occurred largely during darkness. Shiners first spawned at age III or older; some lived to age V or VI. Number of adult shiners over 79 mm fork length was estimated by Petersen marking experiments to be about 13,000 in the 42-acre lake. A large interchange of adults took place in some years between the lake and parts of the watershed upstream; a small interchange occurred downstream. Many shiners entered a stream more than once each year. Many survived to spawn in two or more successive years. Movement into the streams varied markedly in different years and was small compared with the number of adults in the lake. Homing is suggested as a mechanism which determines the proportion of inlet-, outlet-, and lake-spawning in this species.

The advertisement call of the treefrog Nyctimantis rugiceps Boulenger, 1882 (Anura: Hylidae), with notes on its natural history and toxicity

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4532 (3) ◽  
pp. 441 ◽  
Author(s):  
CAMILA CAMARGO DE SOUZA ◽  
MAURICIO RIVERA-CORREA ◽  
JOSE M. PADIAL ◽  
SANTIAGO CASTROVIEJO-FISHER
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Quantitative Description ◽  
Calling Behavior ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Advertisement Calls ◽  
Call Duration ◽  
Egg Deposition ◽  
History Of ◽  
Santa Cecilia

Nyctimantis rugiceps Boulenger, 1882 (Fig. 1A) is a Neotropical treefrog (Duellman & Trueb 1976; Faivovich et al. 2005) known only from disjunct localities in Amazonian Colombia, Ecuador, and Peru (Pérez-Villota et al. 2009). This species has the skin of the skull co-ossified and reproduces—including calling behavior, egg deposition and tadpole development—in water-filled tree or bamboo cavities (Duellman & Trueb 1976; Duellman 1978). Given its secretive behavior, this is a poorly known species and, as noted by Duellman (1978: 169), “the major clue to the life history of Nyctimantis is the calling behavior of the males”. Unfortunately, the only quantitative description of the advertisement call of N. rugiceps is a brief passage in Duellman (1978) based on four specimens from Santa Cecilia, Ecuador, where important variables are missing (e.g., call duration). More importantly, graphs illustrating the waveform and spectrogram are missing. Considering these limitations and the importance of advertisement calls to the study of anurans (Köhler et al. 2017), we provide a quantitative description using a call recording obtained in Leticia, Amazonas, Colombia. 

scholarly journals What causes cooling water temperature gradients in forested stream reaches?

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 6441-6472 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Garner ◽  
I. A. Malcolm ◽  
J. P. Sadler ◽  
D. M. Hannah
Keyword(s):  
Water Temperature ◽  
Water Column ◽  
Stream Temperature ◽  
Temperature Gradients ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Net Radiation ◽  
Maximum Water Temperature ◽  
Maximum Water ◽  
Energy Gains

Abstract. Previous studies have suggested that shading by riparian vegetation may reduce maximum water temperature and provide refugia for temperature sensitive aquatic organisms. Longitudinal cooling gradients have been observed during the daytime for stream reaches shaded by coniferous trees downstream of clear cuts, or deciduous woodland downstream of open moorland. However, little is known about the energy exchange processes that drive such gradients, especially in semi-natural woodland contexts, and in the absence of potentially confounding cool groundwater inflows. To address this gap, this study quantified and modelled variability in stream temperature and heat fluxes along an upland reach of the Girnock Burn (a tributary of the Aberdeenshire Dee, Scotland) where riparian landuse transitions from open moorland to semi-natural forest. Observations were made along a 1050 m reach using a spatially-distributed network of ten water temperature micro-loggers, three automatic weather stations and >200 hemispherical photographs, which were used to estimate incoming solar radiation. These data parameterised a high-resolution energy flux model, incorporating flow-routing, which predicted spatio-temporal variability in stream temperature. Variability in stream temperature was controlled largely by energy fluxes at the water column–atmosphere interface. Predominantly net energy gains occurred along the reach during daylight hours, and heat exchange across the bed-water column interface accounted for <1% of the net energy budget. For periods when daytime net radiation gains were high (under clear skies), differences between water temperature observations decreased in the streamwise direction; a maximum difference of 2.5 °C was observed between the upstream reach boundary and 1050 m downstream. Furthermore, daily maximum water temperature at 1050 m downstream was ≤1°C cooler than at the upstream reach boundary and lagged the occurrence of daily maximum water temperature upstream by >1h. Temperature gradients were not generated by cooling of stream water, but rather by a combination of reduced rates of heating in the woodland reach and advection of cooler (overnight and early morning) water from the upstream moorland catchment. Longitudinal thermal gradients were indistinct at night and on days when net radiation gains were low (under over-cast skies), thus when changes in net energy gains or losses did not vary significantly in space and time, and heat advected into the reach was reasonably consistent. The findings of the study and the modelling approach employed are useful tools for assessing optimal planting strategies for mitigating against ecologically damaging stream temperature maxima.

Life History of Juvenile Ocean-type Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Situk River, Alaska

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2621-2629 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. W. Johnson ◽  
J. F. Thedinga ◽  
K. V. Koski
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Habitat Preference ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Main Stem ◽  
Seawater Tolerance ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Stream Type

Distribution, abundance, habitat preference, migration and residence timing, seawater tolerance, and size were determined for juvenile ocean-type (age 0) chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Situk River, Alaska. Chinook primarily occupied main-stem habitats (channel edges in spring, pools and willow edges in summer). Peak chinook densities in the upper and lower main stem were 96 and 76 fish/100 m2, respectively. Chinook migrated downstream in two phases: a spring dispersal of emergent fry and a summer migration. Chinook marked in the upper river in late June and early July were recaptured 20 km downstream in the lower river in late July. Marked chinook resided in the lower river up to 34 d. Mean fork length of chinook in the lower river increased from 40 mm in May to 80 mm in early August. By late August, chinook had emigrated from the lower river at a size of approximately 80 mm. Fish this size were seawater tolerant and had the physical appearance of smolts. Ocean-type chinook in the Situk River are unique because in most Alaskan streams, chinook are stream-type (rear in freshwater at least 1 yr).

Life history of anadromous arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, in the Fraser River, northern Labrador

1985 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 315-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. B. Dempson ◽  
J. M. Green
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Salvelinus Alpinus ◽  
Arctic Charr ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Anadromous Arctic Charr ◽  
North American Arctic ◽  
History Of ◽  
Length Variable

Upstream migrations of anadromous Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, were monitored in the Fraser River, Labrador. Samples of charr were randomly obtained from 1975 to 1979 for biological analysis of age, growth, reproductive, and migratory characteristics. The run begins in mid-July and extends until late September. Larger charr tend to enter the river first with a progressive decrease in mean length throughout the run. Size and age composition of migrant charr range from 13 to 82 cm ([Formula: see text], 45.1 ± 7.3) and from 3 to 18 years (8.3 ± 1.7), respectively. Spawning activity peaks during the last 2 weeks in October. Fecundity of fish 41–61 cm in fork length ranged from 2316 to 9245 eggs (4665 ± 434) with approximately 75% of females mature by 8 years of age. There was no evidence from tag recaptures over an 8-year period (1976–1983; N = 241) that Fraser River charr undergo extensive marine migrations. Approximately 84% of the recaptures were from fish which either returned to the Fraser River or were caught in commercial and domestic fisheries in adjacent Nain and Tikkoatokak bays. In comparison with other North American Arctic charr populations, Fraser River charr are similar with respect to the large variability observed in age at length, variable maturation cycle, and preponderance of females at sea during the summer. Differences, however, occur among individual life history characteristics such as growth rate, size and age at first seaward migration, size and age at maturity, fecundity, and movements at sea.

Life History of Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) in Batchawana Bay, Eastern Lake Superior

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-hwa Kwain
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Sexual Maturation ◽  
Lake Superior ◽  
Fork Length ◽  
Apparent Size ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Size Difference ◽  
History Of

The life history of a rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) population was inferred from scale readings from the years 1967–70. Of 461 scale samples examined, 58% were from fish spending 2 years in the stream, 38% were 1 year in the stream, and 4% were 3 years in the stream. Three- and four-year-old trout formed the bulk of the spawning population. Fish descending early to the lake were significantly larger at maturity than fish descending later in life. No apparent size difference between sexes was found; fish generally spent 2 years in the lake to reach sexual maturation. In the spawning population, 68% were maiden spawners and 26% were spawning for a second time. A five-time spawner was recorded. The incidence of lamprey marking of rainbow trout was 15% (1969) and 14% (1970). Ninety percent of lamprey-marked trout were larger than 450 mm in fork length and had lived in the lake for 2 or more consecutive years.

Experimental life history of Echinostoma cinetorchis

1990 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 39 ◽  
Author(s):  
S H Lee ◽  
J Y Chai ◽  
S T Hong ◽  
W M Sohn
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
History Of
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