A Study of Major Cations, Osmotic Pressure, andpH in Seminal Components of Atlantic Salmon

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. C. Hwang ◽  
D. R. Idler
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Ion Balance ◽  
Major Cations ◽  
Cryo Preservation

Certain properties of semen, spermatozoa, and seminal plasma of Atlantic salmon were investigated to facilitate the development of an extender for the cryo-preservation of sperm. The seminal plasma of 10 fish had an average pH of 8.25, an osmotic pressure of 232 milliosmols, and contained 237, 86, 5.2, and 2.2 mg/100 g respectively of Na+, K+, Ca++, and Mg++. The corresponding values for spermatozoa were 84, 298, 1.5, and 18.7. Storage of semen at 2 C caused an increase of Na+and Ca++and a decrease of K+and Mg++in spermatozoa. Subsequent incubation in glucose solution did not restore ion balance in salmon spermatozoa as it did in dog spermatozoa. The results for salmon are compared with limited data for Atlantic cod.

Seasonal Variation in the Physiological Response of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) to Low Salinity

1992 ◽  
Vol 49 (6) ◽  
pp. 1149-1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.-D. Dutil ◽  
J. Munro ◽  
C. Audet ◽  
M. Besner
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Principal Components ◽  
Physiological Response ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Low Salinity ◽  
Natural Photoperiod ◽  
Highly Correlated

Plasma Na+, Cl−, K+, osmotic pressure, Cortisol, glucose, and protein, blood hemoglobin and hematocrit, and water content of skeletal muscle were measured at regular intervals during a 28-d period following the transfer of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) to waters of 7, 14, 21, and 28‰ (control) salinity. These experiments were repeated four times at 3-mo intervals under natural photoperiod and temperatures (0–10 °C). Exposure to 7‰ salinity caused large decreases in plasma Na+ in winter (25 mmol/L over 14 d) and in spring (32 mmol/L over 7 d) when the lowest value for the year was reached (156 mmol/L). Transfer to 14 and 21‰ salinity resulted in a slight decrease (maximum 4%) in plasma Na+ which was much smaller than the seasonal variation (14%) observed in controls. Hydration of skeletal muscle occurred only at 7‰ (2.3% maximum), but these changes were small compared with the seasonal variation (3.9%) observed in the controls. Principal components and clustering analyses showed that all ionic and osmotic variables measured were highly correlated while being only weakly associated with the condition or reproductive status of the fish. There were no indications that acclimation to low salinity was stressful for cod.

scholarly journals Pharmacokinetic Profiles of Nevirapine and Indinavir in Various Fractions of Seminal Plasma

2001 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 2902-2907 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rieneke M. E. van Praag ◽  
Sjoerd Repping ◽  
Jan W. A. de Vries ◽  
Joep M. A. Lange ◽  
Richard M. W. Hoetelmans ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Seminal Vesicles ◽  
Sexual Abstinence ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Dosing Interval ◽  
Drug Ingestion ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Antiretroviral Drug ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus

ABSTRACT Limited data are available on antiretroviral drug concentrations in seminal plasma during a dosing interval. Further, since human ejaculate is composed of fluids originating from the testes, the seminal vesicles, and the prostate, all having different physiological characteristics, drug concentrations in total seminal plasma do not necessarily reflect concentrations in the separate compartments. Five human immunodeficiency virus type 1-infected patients on nevirapine (NVP; 200 mg twice a day [b.i.d.]) and/or indinavir (IDV; 800 mg b.i.d. with ritonavir, 100 mg b.i.d.) regimens used a split ejaculate technique to separate seminal plasma in two fractions, representing fluids from the testes and prostate (first fraction) and fluids from the seminal vesicles (second fraction). Split-ejaculate samples were provided at 0, 2, 5, and 8 h after drug ingestion, on separate days after 3 days of sexual abstinence. NVP and IDV showed time-dependent concentrations in seminal plasma, with peak concentrations in both fractions at 2 and 2 to 5 h, respectively, after drug ingestion. The NVP concentrations were not significantly different between the first and second fractions of the ejaculate at all time points measured and were in the therapeutic range, except for the predose concentration in two patients. The median (range) predose IDV concentrations in the first and second fractions of the ejaculate were 448 (353 to 1,015) ng/ml and 527 (240 to 849) ng/ml, respectively (P = 0.7). In conclusion, NVP and IDV concentrations in seminal plasma are dependent on the time after drug ingestion. Furthermore, our data suggest that NVP and IDV achieve therapeutic concentrations in both the testes and prostate and the seminal vesicles throughout the dosing interval.

Effect of seminal plasma on Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) sperm vitrification

2015 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-245.e2 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Figueroa ◽  
O. Merino ◽  
J. Risopatrón ◽  
V. Isachenko ◽  
R. Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Salmo Salar ◽  
Seminal Plasma ◽  
Atlantic Salmon Salmo Salar

The stimulatory effect of a muscle protein hydrolysate from Atlantic cod,Gadus morhuaL., on Atlantic salmon,Salmo salarL., head kidney leucocytes

1996 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
JARL BØGWALD ◽  
ROY DALMO ◽  
RAGNI MCQUEEN LEIFSON ◽  
EVEN STENBERG ◽  
ASBJØRN GILDBERG
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Salmon ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Protein Hydrolysate ◽  
Head Kidney
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