Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Carbaryl (Sevin) on Survival, Growth, and Reproduction of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

When fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to five concentrations (0.008–0.68 mg/liter) of the insecticide carbaryl for 9 months and throughout a life cycle, the highest concentration prevented reproduction and decreased survival. At the high concentration, testes contained motile sperm and ovaries were in a flaccid condition and appeared to be in a resorptive state. At the 0.68 mg/liter concentration, carbaryl appeared to contribute to mortality of larvae (produced by unexposed parents) within 30 days of hatching. Survival of young grown in the 0.008 mg/liter concentration was reduced. Since no demonstrable effects were noted for survival, growth, or reproduction at the 0.017, 0.062, and 0.21 mg/liter concentrations, this low survival value is considered not due to carbaryl. The 96-hr median tolerance concentration (TL 50) and the lethal threshold concentration (LTC) for 2-month-old fathead minnows were 9.0 mg/liter. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for fathead minnows exposed to carbaryl in water with a hardness of 45.2 mg/liter and a pH of 7.5 lies between 0.21 and 0.68 mg/liter. The application factors (MATC/96-hr TL50 and MATC/LTC) both lie between 0.023 and 0.075.

scholarly journals Captan Toxicity to Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas), Bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus), and Brook Trout (Salvelinus fontinalis)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1811-1817 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roger O. Hermanutz ◽  
Leonard H. Mueller ◽  
Kenneth D. Kempfert
Keyword(s):  
Brook Trout ◽  
Salvelinus Fontinalis ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Lepomis Macrochirus ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Survival And Growth ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The toxic effects of captan on survival, growth, and reproduction of fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and on survival of bluegills (Lepomis macrochirus) and brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) were determined in a flow-through system. In a 45-week exposure of fathead minnows, survival and growth were adversely affected at 39.5 μg/liter. Adverse effects on spawning were suspected but not statistically demonstrated at 39.5 and 16.5 μg/liter. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC), based on survival and growth, lies between 39.5 and 16.5 μg/liter. The lethal threshold concentration (LTC) derived from acute exposures was 64 μg/liter, resulting in an application factor (MATC/LTC) between 0.26 and 0.62. LTC values for the bluegill and brook trout were 72 and 29 μg/liter, respectively. The estimated MATC is between 44.6 and 18.7 μg/liter for the bluegill and between 18.0 and 7.5 μg/liter for the brook trout.The half-life of captan in Lake Superior water with a pH of 7.6 is about 7 hr at 12 C and about 1 hr at 25 C. Breakdown products from an initial 550 μg/liter of captan were not lethal to 3-month-old fathead minnows.

Effect of Lime Neutralized Iron Hydroxide Suspensions on Survival, Growth, and Reproduction of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Smith ◽  
J. L. Sykora ◽  
M. A. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The long-term effect of lime neutralized suspended iron on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) survival, growth, and reproduction was assessed in a flow-through environment with a modified proportional diluter. Results of 12 months of testing reveal lower survival and declining growth of fathead minnows with an increase in lime neutralized suspended iron concentration. Hatchability and growth of fathead minnows were appreciably reduced in the lowest insoluble iron concentration tested, 1.5 mg Fe/liter. Reduced hatchability was attributed to the higher percentage of smaller particles in low lime neutralized iron concentrations. A comparison of data on survival, growth, and hatchability indicates that the safe level of suspended iron for fathead minnows presumably lies between the control and 1.5 mg Fe/liter.

Responses of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) During Life-Cycle Exposures to Pulp Mill Effluents at Four Long-Term Receiving Water Study Sites

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L Borton ◽  
Diana L Cook ◽  
W Kenneth Bradley ◽  
Raymond E Philbeck ◽  
Monique G Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Receiving Water

Chloramine Toxicity to the Amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1841-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Arthur ◽  
John G. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Gammarus Pseudolimnaeus

The amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus was subjected to 96-hr and 15-week exposures, and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to a 21-week exposure, to various chloramine concentrations under continuous-flow conditions. The most marked sublethal effects were reductions in the number of young produced by the amphipod and in egg production by the minnow. The 96-hr median tolerance limit for the amphipod was 220 μg/liter total chloramine. Fathead minnows in the long-term study were all killed at the highest concentration, 154 μg/liter total chloramine, within 3 days. The lowest measured total chloramine concentration in the long-term tests having no significant effect was < 3.4 μg/liter for the amphipod and 16.5 μg/liter for the fathead minnow.

Chronic Toxicity of Copper to the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas) in Soft Water

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2449-2457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald I. Mount ◽  
Charles E. Stephan
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Toxicity ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
Accuracy And Precision ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration of copper for the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas, Rafinesque) in water having an EDTA hardness of 30 mg/liter (as CaCO3) was found to be between 0.13 and 0.22 of the 96-hr TLm value, using survival, growth, and reproduction to evaluate effect. In an earlier study the application factor for copper in water with an EDTA hardness of 200 mg/liter (as CaCO3) was found to be between 0.03 and 0.08 for the same species. Suggestions are made that should increase the accuracy and precision of future determinations of application factors.

A Computer Simulation of the Effects of Superimposed Mortality Due to Pollutants on Populations of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (8) ◽  
pp. 1107-1112 ◽  
Author(s):  
William T. Waller ◽  
Richard E. Sparks ◽  
John Cairns Jr. ◽  
M. L. Dahlberg
Keyword(s):  
Computer Simulation ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Environmental Variability ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Proportional Mortality ◽  
Generation Cycle

This computer simulation study tested the effects of 99 levels of proportional mortality on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) populations, assuming that the parent–progeny relationship is of the form proposed by Ricker. Limited data from two studies on three lakes were available to fit the model and obtain estimates of parameters for fathead minnow populations. Based on these estimates, 25 replications of a 50-generation cycle were simulated under two levels of environmental variability. Arbitrary extinction levels of 5, 100, and 500 females had little effect on the results. Increasing environmental variation lowered the percentage mortality at which population extinctions occurred. In general, the results are compatible with the recommendation of the U.S. Committee on Water Quality Criteria, that the maximum concentration of zinc to which fish could be continuously exposed should not exceed [Formula: see text] the 96-hr TLm (median tolerance limit) — a concentration that caused a 50% reduction in the mean number of eggs laid per female by fathead minnows in a laboratory study.

EFFECTS OF THE SYNTHETIC ESTROGEN 17α-ETHINYLESTRADIOL ON THE LIFE-CYCLE OF THE FATHEAD MINNOW (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS)

2001 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reinhard Länge ◽  
Thomas H. Hutchinson ◽  
Charlotte P. Croudace ◽  
Fred Siegmund ◽  
Hermann Schweinfurth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Synthetic Estrogen

EVALUATION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF TAMOXIFEN CITRATE IN PARTIAL AND FULL LIFE-CYCLE STUDIES USING FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim D. Williams ◽  
John E. Caunter ◽  
Adam D. Lillicrap ◽  
Thomas H. Hutchinson ◽  
Edward G. Gillings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Tamoxifen Citrate ◽  
Full Life
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