Responses of Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) During Life-Cycle Exposures to Pulp Mill Effluents at Four Long-Term Receiving Water Study Sites

2009 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis L Borton ◽  
Diana L Cook ◽  
W Kenneth Bradley ◽  
Raymond E Philbeck ◽  
Monique G Dubé ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Receiving Water

Effects of Long-Term Exposure to Carbaryl (Sevin) on Survival, Growth, and Reproduction of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1972 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 583-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. Carlson
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Threshold Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Motile Sperm ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Toxicant Concentration ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

When fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) were exposed to five concentrations (0.008–0.68 mg/liter) of the insecticide carbaryl for 9 months and throughout a life cycle, the highest concentration prevented reproduction and decreased survival. At the high concentration, testes contained motile sperm and ovaries were in a flaccid condition and appeared to be in a resorptive state. At the 0.68 mg/liter concentration, carbaryl appeared to contribute to mortality of larvae (produced by unexposed parents) within 30 days of hatching. Survival of young grown in the 0.008 mg/liter concentration was reduced. Since no demonstrable effects were noted for survival, growth, or reproduction at the 0.017, 0.062, and 0.21 mg/liter concentrations, this low survival value is considered not due to carbaryl. The 96-hr median tolerance concentration (TL 50) and the lethal threshold concentration (LTC) for 2-month-old fathead minnows were 9.0 mg/liter. The maximum acceptable toxicant concentration (MATC) for fathead minnows exposed to carbaryl in water with a hardness of 45.2 mg/liter and a pH of 7.5 lies between 0.21 and 0.68 mg/liter. The application factors (MATC/96-hr TL50 and MATC/LTC) both lie between 0.023 and 0.075.

scholarly journals Ovulation but not milt production is inhibited in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) exposed to a reproductively inhibitory pulp mill effluent

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Waye ◽  
Wudu E Lado ◽  
Pierre H Martel ◽  
John T Arnason ◽  
Vance L Trudeau
Keyword(s):  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluent ◽  
Fathead Minnows

EVALUATION OF THE REPRODUCTIVE EFFECTS OF TAMOXIFEN CITRATE IN PARTIAL AND FULL LIFE-CYCLE STUDIES USING FATHEAD MINNOWS (PIMEPHALES PROMELAS)

2007 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tim D. Williams ◽  
John E. Caunter ◽  
Adam D. Lillicrap ◽  
Thomas H. Hutchinson ◽  
Edward G. Gillings ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Full Life Cycle ◽  
Reproductive Effects ◽  
Tamoxifen Citrate ◽  
Full Life

scholarly journals Quantifying the Life Cycle Greenhouse Gas Emissions of a Mechanized Shelterwood Harvest Producing Both Sawtimber and Woodchips

Forests ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 70
Author(s):  
Joshua P. Weyrens ◽  
Obste Therasme ◽  
René H. Germain
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Greenhouse Gas ◽  
Carbon Storage ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Forest Harvesting ◽  
Wood Products ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Carbon Neutral ◽  
The Impact

Forests are used to mitigate anthropogenic greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions through carbon offset programs, and forest management is generally accepted as “carbon neutral”. However, forest harvesting operations depend heavily on fossil fuels, so it would be remiss to broadly paint all forms of management as carbon neutral without empirical verification of this claim. Biomass feedstock, as a means to supplant fossil fuel consumption, has received the bulk of investigative efforts, as the carbon benefit of biomass is one of the most contentious among wood products, because it does not create long-term carbon storage. A life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on a winter shelterwood harvest occurring in the Adirondacks of upstate New York. Primary data were collected daily throughout the operation and used to model the impact attributed to producing clean chips and logs for delivery to a pulp mill and sawmill, respectively. This harvest produced 4894 Mg of clean chips and 527 Mg of sawtimber. We calculated that 39.77 and 25.16 kg of carbon dioxide equivalent were emitted per Mg of clean chips and sawtimber, respectively, with a total observed flow of GHG into the atmosphere between 206 and 210 thousand kilograms. The results contribute to our understanding of the global warming potential of implementing a forest harvest to produce raw materials for medium- and long-term carbon storage products such as paper and dimensional hardwood lumber.

Fathead Minnows (Pimephales promelas) and Goldfish (Carassius auratus) as Standard Fish in Bioassays and Their Reaction to Potential Reference Toxicants

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ira R. Adelman ◽  
Lloyd L. Smith Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sodium Chloride ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Goldfish Carassius Auratus ◽  
Complete Life Cycle ◽  
Reference Toxicant

Fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) were compared for their suitability as standard bioassay fish. Both species showed the same variability of bioassay results when tested with four toxicants. Fathead minnows are recommended on the basis of their small size and on their capability for use in complete life cycle tests.On the basis of minimum variability of bioassay results, sodium chloride was superior for use as a reference toxicant. Both sodium chloride and pentachlorophenol seemed capable of detecting abnormal fish. On the basis of seven listed criteria either sodium chloride or pentachlorophenol would be acceptable as a reference toxicant.

Effect of Lime Neutralized Iron Hydroxide Suspensions on Survival, Growth, and Reproduction of the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1973 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 1147-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Smith ◽  
J. L. Sykora ◽  
M. A. Shapiro
Keyword(s):  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Iron Hydroxide ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Iron Concentration ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
Long Term Effect ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

The long-term effect of lime neutralized suspended iron on fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) survival, growth, and reproduction was assessed in a flow-through environment with a modified proportional diluter. Results of 12 months of testing reveal lower survival and declining growth of fathead minnows with an increase in lime neutralized suspended iron concentration. Hatchability and growth of fathead minnows were appreciably reduced in the lowest insoluble iron concentration tested, 1.5 mg Fe/liter. Reduced hatchability was attributed to the higher percentage of smaller particles in low lime neutralized iron concentrations. A comparison of data on survival, growth, and hatchability indicates that the safe level of suspended iron for fathead minnows presumably lies between the control and 1.5 mg Fe/liter.

Chloramine Toxicity to the Amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus and the Fathead Minnow (Pimephales promelas)

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1841-1845 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Arthur ◽  
John G. Eaton
Keyword(s):  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Flow Conditions ◽  
Term Study ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Gammarus Pseudolimnaeus

The amphipod Gammarus pseudolimnaeus was subjected to 96-hr and 15-week exposures, and the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) to a 21-week exposure, to various chloramine concentrations under continuous-flow conditions. The most marked sublethal effects were reductions in the number of young produced by the amphipod and in egg production by the minnow. The 96-hr median tolerance limit for the amphipod was 220 μg/liter total chloramine. Fathead minnows in the long-term study were all killed at the highest concentration, 154 μg/liter total chloramine, within 3 days. The lowest measured total chloramine concentration in the long-term tests having no significant effect was < 3.4 μg/liter for the amphipod and 16.5 μg/liter for the fathead minnow.

scholarly journals Fathead minnow exposed to environmentally relevant concentrations of metformin for one life cycle show no adverse effects

FACETS ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 998-1023
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott ◽  
Grazina Pacepavicius ◽  
Kallie Shires ◽  
Stacey Clarence ◽  
Hufsa Khan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Gonad Maturation ◽  
Fathead Minnows ◽  
Liver Size ◽  
Lowering Drug

Metformin is a glucose-lowering drug taken for diabetes. It is excreted by humans in urine and detected in municipal wastewater effluents and rivers. Fathead minnows ( Pimephales promelas) were exposed over a life cycle to measured concentrations of metformin: 3.0, 31, and 322 μg/L. No significant changes were observed in survival, maturation, growth, condition factor, or liver size. Relative ovary size of females exposed to 322 μg/L metformin was significantly larger than controls. There was no induction of vitellogenin in plasma of minnows, and gonad maturation was not statistically different from controls. The start of breeding was delayed by 9–10 d in the mid- and high metformin treatments (statistically significant only in the mid-concentration), but numbers and quality of eggs were not statistically different from controls. There were no effects of metformin on survival or growth of offspring. Exposure to metformin at environmentally relevant concentrations (i.e., 3.0 and 31 μg/L metformin) caused no adverse effects in fathead minnows exposed for a life cycle, with the exception of a delay in time to first breeding (that did not impact overall egg production). The results of the study are important to help understand whether metformin concentrations in rivers and lakes can harm fishes.

Overview of Methodology and Endpoints in Fathead Minnow Lifecycle Tests Assessing Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents

2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (3) ◽  
pp. 334-346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanne L. Parrott
Keyword(s):  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Fathead Minnow ◽  
Pimephales Promelas ◽  
Pulp Mill ◽  
Endocrine Disrupting Compounds ◽  
Sex Characteristics ◽  
Secondary Sex Characteristics ◽  
Pulp Mill Effluents

Abstract Fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas) lifecycle tests have been used to assess the effects of many North American pulp mill effluents. Fish are exposed under controlled laboratory conditions to final effluent, from the egg stage through hatching, juvenile stage and mature adult stage. Outlined here are methods for the lifecycle test (which takes from 4 to 5 months to complete) with sampling of juvenile fish at 1, 2 and 3 months of age, and sampling of mature adults after breeding. The results of most fathead minnow lifecycle studies have shown that pulp mill effluents cause metabolic and reproductive disruption (enlarged livers, reduced egg production, smaller gonads, decreased sex hormones and reduced secondary sex characteristics). Thus, the fathead minnow lifecycle assay is able to mimic the most commonly observed changes seen in wild fish exposed to pulp mill effluents. Sensitive indicators of reproductive effects in fathead minnows exposed for a lifecycle to pulp mill effluents include secondary sex characteristics, time to first reproduction and number of eggs laid. Egg production is often the most sensitive response to pulp mill effluents. Because of the length and cost of full lifecycle tests, a shortened assay using adult fish was developed as a screen for endocrine-disrupting compounds. This assay, the terminal reproduction test, has been used with success on a few pulp mill effluents. The assay exposes fathead minnow breeding pairs for three weeks to effluent, and compares egg production, sex characteristics and bioindicators of reproductive performance in pre-exposure versus post-exposure fish. For assessment of pulp mill effluents, it appears that the sensitivity of the shortened terminal reproductive fathead minnow assay may be improved by assessing bioindicators of reproductive performance (such as circulating levels of sex hormones, and circulating or hepatic vitellogenin) along with changes in secondary sex characteristics and egg production.

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