Acute Toxicity of Nitrite to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1974 ◽  
Vol 31 (10) ◽  
pp. 1653-1655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosemarie C. Russo ◽  
Charlie E. Smith ◽  
Robert V. Thurston
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Flow Through

Flow-through bioassays on the acute toxicity of nitrite to rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of four different sizes (2–235 g) showed median lethal concentration (LC50) values for 4 days ranging from 0.19 to 0.39 mg/liter NO2–N. For 12-g rainbow trout the asymptotic LC50 was 0.14–0.15 mg/liter NO2–N after 8 days.

Increased Toxicity of Ammonia to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Resulting from Reduced Concentrations of Dissolved Oxygen

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 983-988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert V. Thurston ◽  
Glenn R. Phillips ◽  
Rosemarie C. Russo ◽  
Susan M. Hinkins
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Ammonia Toxicity ◽  
Control Fish ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
Acute Toxicity Tests ◽  
Flow Through

The median lethal concentration (LC50) of aqueous ammonia at reduced dissolved oxygen (D.O.) concentrations was tested in acute toxicity tests with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fingerlings. Fifteen 96-h flow-through tests were conducted over the D.O. range 2.6–8.6 mg/L, the former concentration being the lowest at which control fish survived. There was a positive linear correlation between LC50 (milligrams per litre un-ionized ammonia) and D.O. over the entire D.O. range tested; ammonia toxicity increased as D.O. decreased. Ammonia LC50 values were also computed for 12, 24, 48, and 72 h; the correlation with D.O. was greater the shorter the time period.Key words: ammonia toxicity, dissolved oxygen, rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri

Acute Toxicity of Cyanide to Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri) Acclimated at Different Temperatures

1982 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 1426-1429 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tibor G. Kovacs ◽  
Gérard Leduc
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Cyanide Concentration ◽  
Cyanide Toxicity ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Median Lethal Concentrations ◽  
Flow Through

The toxicity of cyanide (HCN) to juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) acclimated for 3 wk at 6, 12, and 18 °C was determined at these temperatures by flow-through bioassays, in the cyanide concentration range of 0.018–0.087 mg∙L−1. The 96-h median lethal concentrations (LC50) were 0.028 ± 0.004 mg∙L−1 at 6 °C, 0.042 ± 0.004 mg∙L−1 at 12 °C, and 0.068 ± 0.004 mg∙L−1 at 18 °C. Warm acclimated rainbow trout survived longer in lethal concentrations of cyanide. Toxicity curves clearly showed the temperature effect on the acute toxicity of cyanide is concentration dependent. At slowly lethal concentrations, cyanide is more toxic at lower temperatures, whereas at rapidly lethal levels the reverse occurs; the reversal takes place at 0.10 mg∙L−1 HCN.Key words: cyanide, acute toxicity, temperature, rainbow trout

Acute toxicity of zinc to juvenile and subadult rainbow trout,Salmo gairdneri

1987 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 898-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Meisner ◽  
W. Quan Hum
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

Acute toxicity and accumulation of microcystin-leucine-arginine in the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852)

Crustaceana ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-404 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Longsheng Sun ◽  
Zhenhua An ◽  
Longsheng Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Procambarus Clarkii ◽  
Abdominal Muscle ◽  
Water Bodies ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxicity Effect ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms

The aim of this study was to determine the acute toxicity effect and the accumulation of microcystin-leucine-arginine (MC-LR) on the crayfish Procambarus clarkii (Girard, 1852). Juvenile P. clarkii (5.47 ± 1.3 g) were cultured under 5 different MC-LR concentrations (0.3, 0.6, 1.2, 2.4, 4.8 mg/l), then the acute toxicity effect was observed. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of MC-LR on juvenile P. clarkii was 3.741 mg/l at 24 h, 1.494 mg/l at 48 h, 0.817 mg/l at 72 h and 0.567 mg/l at 96 h. Accumulation of MC-LR was measured in different organs of mature P. clarkii (58.7 ± 3.8 g) exposed to 0.3 mg/l MC-LR for 120 h. The detected MC-LR concentration decreased in the sequence: hepatopancreas > ovary > abdominal muscle > intestine. Hepatopancreas and ovary were found to be the main targets of the toxin. The results suggested that the MC-LR produced by cyanobacteria blooms could not only reduce the survival rate of juvenile P. clarkii but also affect the fecundity of mature crayfish. This research also provides a reference basis for the detection and assessment of the pollution of water bodies in P. clarkii culture.

Assessment of the Acute Toxicity, Growth Impairment, and Flesh Tainting Potential of a Bleached Kraft Mill Effluent on Rainbow Trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 869-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. Whittle ◽  
K. W. Flood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Effluent Treatment ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Freshwater Ecosystem ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout ◽  
Effluent Concentration ◽  
Kraft Mill Effluent ◽  
Kraft Mill

Static and continuous-flow bioassays utilizing juvenile rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) were conducted on a northern Ontario bleached kraft mill effluent to assess the range of acute toxicity and related sublethal effects. The acute toxicity of the total mill effluent, as determined by static bioassay procedures, ranged from a 96-h LC50 value of 14–49.0% vol/vol. The results of these bioassays depended on testing methodology and effluent treatment systems employed by the mill when samples were collected. Continuous-flow bioassays conducted on the effluent Produced 96-h LC50 values of 21.8 and 24.8% vol/vol. Growth rate of juvenile rainbow trout (1–2 g) held under continuous-flow conditions for 18 days was significantly reduced at 6% vol/vol effluent concentration (P < 0.05). Flavor of yearling rainbow trout [Formula: see text] exposed to 3% effluent for 48 h was significantly impaired (P < 0.05). This effluent concentration, the lowest level impairing flavor represents approximately 0.12 of the 96-h LC50 derived from continuous-flow bioassays. No significant flavor impairment was detected in fish exposed for 144 h to a 2% effluent concentration Flavor impairment at a 3% vol/vol effluent concentration, the most sensitive sublethal response measured in this study, may also be the most critical response when assessing the economic impact of a kraft mill discharge to a freshwater ecosystem.

Toxicity of Oil Sands Plant Wastewaters and Associated Organic Contaminants

1976 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 34-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.E. Hrudey ◽  
G.A. Sergy ◽  
T. Thackeray
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Oil Sands ◽  
Toxicity Testing ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Analysis ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Butyl Phthalate ◽  
Trace Organic

Abstract Acute toxicity testing using rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Richardson) was conducted on two wastewater streams from an oil sands extraction and upgrading plant. The main effluent stream from the upgrading plant was non-acutely toxic in flow-through bioassay while the construction drainage from the tailings pond dyke was acutely lethal in static bioassay with an extrapolated LC50 of 11% (by volume). With no obvious toxicant present, trace organic analysis was undertaken based on the high indeterminate organic carbon content of the sample. Analysis by GC-MS of the sample was able to identify four compounds: 2, 6-di-tert-butyl-p-cresol, (BHT); di-n-butyl phthalate, (DBP); bis (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, (BEHA); and bis (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, (BEHP). Toxicity testing of the compounds required the evaluation of various schemes for the preparation of the test mixtures. Direct emulsion of the test compounds in water was ultimately adopted. Ninety-six hour static bioassays with rainbow trout indicated LC50 values of 540 mg/l for BEHP, 3 mg/l for BHT, 1.2 mg/l for DBP, and an approximate range of 54–110 mg/l for BEHA. Loss of emulsified components from the test mixture during the bioassays suggested that calculated LC50 values likely underestimate the actual toxicity of the compounds. The contribution by BEHA and BEHP to the whole effluent toxicity was likely minor while BHT and DBP indicated sufficient acute lethal toxicity to warrant further consideration. The feasibility of trace organic analysis and component toxicity testing as a means for conducting longer term research on oil sands wastewaters was demonstrated.

The acute toxicity of vanadium and copper to eyed eggs of rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 885-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Giles ◽  
J.F. Klaverkamp
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

Acute toxicity of aflatoxins B1 and G1 in the rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri)

1969 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 415-419 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana H. Bauer ◽  
Donald J. Lee ◽  
Russell O. Sinnhuber
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri

Toxicity bioassays of cadmium on selected freshwater invertebrates and the interaction of cadmium and zinc on the freshwater shrimp, Paratya tasmaniensis Riek

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 97 ◽  
Author(s):  
VJ Thorp ◽  
PS Lake
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Lethal Concentration ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Median Lethal Concentration ◽  
Toxic Unit ◽  
Seasonal Differences ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrates ◽  
Invertebrate Species ◽  
Freshwater Invertebrate

In acute toxicity bioassays with cadmium sulphate at 15� C in soft water (total hardness 10 mg/l as calcium carbonate), the concentrations fatal to 50 % of the test animals were determined for five freshwater invertebrate species. The 96 hr median lethal concentration (LC50) of cadmium was 0.04 mg/l for the amphipod Austrochiltonia subtenuis Sayce, 0.06 mg/l for the shrimp Paratya tasmaniensis Riek, 0.84 mg/l for the ephemeropteran nymph Atalophlebia australis Walker, 250 mg/l for the zygopteran nymph Ischnura heterosticta (Burmeister) and well over 2000 mg/l for a trichopteran larva of the Leptoceridae. The bioassays on Paratya indicared that there may be seasonal differences in sensitivity to cadmium. The 96 hr LC50 for zinc for Paratya was 1.21 mg/l. Zinc and cadmium appeared to interact less than additively at concentrations below 1 toxic unit. Above this concentration, their interaction was strictly additive.

Physiological disturbances in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) during acid and aluminum exposures in soft water of two calcium concentrations

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard C. Playle ◽  
Greg G. Goss ◽  
Chris M. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Water System ◽  
Respiratory Acidosis ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Tension ◽  
Soft Water ◽  
Cell Swelling ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Respiratory Gases ◽  
Respiratory Toxicity

Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) fitted with dorsal aortic cannulae were exposed in a flow-through soft water system to three acidities (pH 5.2, 4.8, or 4.4) and two concentrations of Ca (45 or 410 μequiv.∙L−1), in the presence (105 μg∙L−1) or absence of Al. Blood was sampled for respiratory gases, ions, metabolites, and hematology before and at 4, 18, 28, 42, and 66 h exposure. Two toxic mechanisms of Al and acidity were seen: (i) ionoregulatory toxicity, which was caused by Al at pH 5.2 and 4.8 and by acidity at pH 4.4, and (ii) respiratory toxicity, which was caused solely by Al, and was greatest at higher pH. Ionoregulatory toxicity involved decreases in plasma Na+ and Cl−, red cell swelling, and hemoconcentration. Respiratory toxicity involved reduced blood oxygen tension, elevated blood carbon dioxide tension, and increases in blood lactate. Blood acidosis was a combination of respiratory acidosis (due to CO2 accumulation in the blood; higher pH exposures) and metabolic acidosis (probably due to differential Na+ and Cl− loss into the external, acidic environment; lower pH exposures). Higher water Ca reduced ionoregulatory disturbances due to acidity alone but not those due to Al at higher pH. Higher water Ca also reduced respiratory disturbances at lower pH but not at higher pH. The results are discussed with reference to the chemistry of Al and changes in the gill epithelium associated with acid and Al exposure.

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