Effects of Pulpmill Effluent on Phytoplankton Production in Coastal Marine Waters of British Columbia

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (11) ◽  
pp. 2433-2442 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Stockner ◽  
David D. Cliff
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Quantitative Difference ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Selective Absorption ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Zone Of Influence

Phytoplankton production adjacent to two kraft pulpmills in Howe Sound, British Columbia, was considerably lower than daily rates at control stations removed from the zone of influence. Average daily production at the Port Mellon mill was 29 and 24 mg C∙m−2∙day−1 in 1973 and 1974, in contrast with 332 and 367, in respective years at the control. Less difference in production was seen between Woodfibre mill and its control, because this mill is situated in a more actively flushed location. Howe Sound studies showed little qualitative or quantitative difference between chlorophyll a levels or phytoplankton assemblages among mill and control stations. Skeletonema costatum and Thalassiosira spp. were dominant phytoplankton species. Light attenuation and selective absorption of 400–500 nm wavelength light by kraft mill effluent was considered the major factor responsible for reduced production in the zone of influence. Axenic culture studies with marine phytoplankton showed that phytotoxicity occurs only at high effluent concentrations. Our laboratory experiments suggest that, given sufficient time, it is possible for phytoplankton to adapt to relatively high effluent concentrations, if pH remains normal.

Phytoplankton Production and Distribution in Howe Sound, British Columbia: A Coastal Marine Embayment–Fjord Under Stress

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (7) ◽  
pp. 907-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Stockner ◽  
David D. Cliff ◽  
Douglas B. Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
British Columbia ◽  
Surface Layer ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Annual Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Strong Light ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
Production And Distribution

Phytoplankton production and distribution were examined over a 2-yr period in relation to man-induced and natural factors that stress the system by mainly affecting the light regime in surface layer(s) of Howe Sound, British Columbia. Production rate and biomass values were greatest at the seaward boundary of the Sound where surface waters mix with the Strait of Georgia. Production decreases linearly in an up-inlet direction, reaching minimum values at the head of the Sound where the influence of the turbid Squamish River discharge is greatest. Annual production in the boundary waters of the Sound for 1973 and 1974 was 300 and 516 g C∙m−2, compared to an average of 118 and 163 for remaining stations. Strong light attenuation by the turbid Squamish River and flushing by the seaward moving surface layer were considered the most important factors controlling phytoplankton production and distribution in Howe Sound. Colored effluent from two pulp mills and turbid mine tailings and gravel washing water were minor perturbants to the system as a whole, but in affected bays and subregions of the Sound their effects on phytoplankton production were considerable. Annual production in Howe Sound was slightly higher than values for the Strait of Georgia and considerably greater than estimates from the North Pacific. Key words: phytoplankton, production, fjord–embayment, coastal marine, phytoplankton distribution, succession

Marine Phytoplankton Growth in High Concentrations of Pulpmill Effluent

1976 ◽  
Vol 33 (12) ◽  
pp. 2758-2765 ◽  
Author(s):  
John G. Stockner ◽  
Anne C. Costella
Keyword(s):  
Exponential Growth ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Axenic Culture ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Culture Studies ◽  
Coastal Marine ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Kraft Effluent

Axenic culture studies with the marine phytoplankton Skeletonema costatum, Dunaliella tertiolecta, and Amphidinium carteri demonstrated the ability of these species to adapt to and exhibit normal growth in relatively high concentrations of pulpmill effluent. Skeletonema costatum and A. carteri required a preadaptation period prior to commencement of exponential growth in high concentrations of kraft effluent (20–30%), while D. tertiolecta exhibited exponential growth in 90% kraft effluent with no requirement for preadaptation. Of six pulpmill effluent types tested, kraft was considered most inhibitory to growth, while combined kraft and newsprint effluent passed through an XAD-8 resin column was least inhibitory. The effects of the six effluent types on lag, exponential, and stationary growth phases are discussed in relation to in situ concentrations and relative ecological significance in the coastal marine environment.

Phytoplankton Ecology of the Strait of Georgia, British Columbia

1979 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 657-666 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Stockner ◽  
D. D. Cliff ◽  
K. R. S. Shortreed
Keyword(s):  
Surface Waters ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Fraser River ◽  
Heterogeneous Distribution ◽  
Phytoplankton Primary Production ◽  
Strait Of Georgia ◽  
Phytoplankton Ecology ◽  
Phytoplankton Distribution

Observations of phytoplankton production, abundance, and distribution were made at 16 stations in the Strait of Georgia from 1975 to 1977. The discharge of turbid Fraser River water exerts a strong influence on phytoplankton production and distribution in surface waters by rapid light attenuation and horizontal advection. At plume boundaries and back eddies where light conditions improve, very high production occurs (> 4–5 g C∙m−2∙d−1), because of rapidly replenished nutrients supplied by the Fraser River. Advection, turbulence, zooplankton grazing, and summer nitrate depletion collectively impart a heterogeneous distribution pattern to phytoplankton in the surface waters of the Strait of Georgia. Mean annual production varies from lows of 150 g C∙m−2 in Fraser River plume to highs of over 500 g C∙m−2 in sheltered boundary waters of inlets. Recent increases in ammonia and nitrate from land drainage and domestic sewage, mainly through the Fraser River, are related to increases in phytoplankton standing stocks in the Strait. Key words: phytoplankton, primary production, eutrophication, coastal marine, phytoplankton distribution and succession, chlorophyll a, pelagic

scholarly journals Abrupt declines in marine phytoplankton production driven by warming and biodiversity loss in a microcosm experiment

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 457-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvire Bestion ◽  
Samuel Barton ◽  
Francisca C. García ◽  
Ruth Warfield ◽  
Gabriel Yvon‐Durocher
Keyword(s):  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Microcosm Experiment

scholarly journals Nutrient experiment using Phaeodactylum tricornutum as an assay organism

1976 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Teixeira ◽  
A. A. H. Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Phaeodactylum Tricornutum ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Limiting Factor ◽  
Carbon 14

The growth of Phaeodactylum tricornutum, cultured at 7,000 lux and 25º C, in twelve-day experiments using enriched water collected at the surface and 50.0 m depth from coastal waters offshore of Ubatuba area, was carried out. Different water enrichements were made by the aseptic addition of several nutrients, at each depth, according to Smayda (1964). The nitrogen out measured in terms of Carbon-14 assimilation and cloropyll concentration, was found to be a primary limiting factor for marine phytoplankton production.

scholarly journals Empirical estimation of marine phytoplankton assemblages in coastal and offshore areas using an in situ multi-wavelength excitation fluorometer

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taketoshi Kodama ◽  
Yukiko Taniuchi ◽  
Hiromi Kasai ◽  
Tamaha Yamaguchi ◽  
Misato Nakae ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reference Data ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Japan Sea ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Empirical Estimation ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblages ◽  
Plant Pigment ◽  
Multi Wavelength ◽  
Linear Inverse Model

AbstractPhytoplankton assemblages are important for understanding the quality of primary production in marine ecosystems. Here, we describe development of a methodology for monitoring marine phytoplankton assemblages using an in situ multi-wavelength excitation fluorometer (MEX) and its application for seasonal observations in coastal and offshore areas around Japan. The MEX recorded the fluorescence excited with nine light-emitting diodes, temperature, and sensor depth. We prepared reference datasets comprising temperature, MEX fluorescence, and plant-pigment-based chemotaxonomy phytoplankton assemblages. Target MEX fluorescence was decomposed by reference MEX fluorescence using a linear inverse model for calculating coefficients after the reference data were limited by temperature, followed by reconstruction of plant-pigment-based chemotaxonomy of the target MEX fluorescence using the coefficients and the chemotaxonomy assemblages of the reference data. Sensitivity analysis indicated poor estimation of the proportion and/or chlorophyll a-based abundance of chlorophytes, haptophytes, prasinophytes, and prochlorophytes; however, limiting the estimations to five chemotaxonomic groups [diatoms, dinoflagellates, cryptophytes, cyanobacteria (cyanophytes and prochlorophytes), and other eukaryotes (chlorophytes, haptophytes, and prasinophytes)] resulted in positive correlations of both the proportion and abundances, suggesting that the five taxonomic abundances were well-estimated using the MEX. Additionally, MEX observations denoted spatial and seasonal variations of phytoplankton assemblages, with high contributions from other eukaryotes in every area and season, cyanobacteria highly during the summer in surface Kuroshio and Japan Sea waters, and diatoms in the Oyashio and Oyashio–Kuroshio transition areas and the Okhotsk Sea. Furthermore, ratios of water-column-integrated chlorophyll-based abundances to those on the surface at the chemotaxonomy group level were differed among the areas and groups. These findings suggested that phytoplankton-assemblage monitoring in the vertical direction is essential for evaluation of their current biomass, and that the MEX promotes the acquisition of these observations.

Collection and analysis of a global marine phytoplankton primary production dataset

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Mattei ◽  
Michele Scardi
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Phytoplankton Primary Production ◽  
Heterogeneous Information ◽  
Marine Food Webs ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Earth’S Climate

Phytoplankton primary production is a key oceanographic process. It has intimate relationships with the marine food webs dynamics, the global carbon cycle and the Earth’s climate. The study of phytoplankton production on a global scale relies on indirect approaches due to the difficulties associated with field campaigns. On the other hand, modelling approaches require in situ data for both calibration and validation. In fact, the need for more phytoplankton primary production data was highlighted several times during the last decades.Most of the available primary production datasets are scattered in various repositories, reporting heterogeneous information and missing records. For these reasons we decided to retrieve field measurements of marine phytoplankton primary production from several sources and create a homogeneous and ready to use dataset. We handled missing data and added several variables related to primary production which were not present in the original datasets. Subsequently, we carried out a general analysis of the dataset in which we highlighted the relationships between the variables from a numerical and an ecological perspective.Data paucity is one of the main issues hindering the comprehension of complex natural processes.In this framework, we believe that an updated and improved global dataset, complemented by an analysis of its characteristics, can be of interest to anyone studying marine phytoplankton production and the processes related to it.

Ultraviolet radiation stimulated activity of extracellular carbonic anhydrase in the marine diatom Skeletonema costatum

2009 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Wu ◽  
Kunshan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Ultraviolet Radiation ◽  
Uv Radiation ◽  
Carbon Fixation ◽  
Skeletonema Costatum ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Marine Diatom ◽  
Redox Activity ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon Fixation ◽  
Photosynthetic Carbon

Previous studies have shown that reduced levels of solar UV radiation (280–400 nm) can enhance photosynthetic carbon fixation of marine phytoplankton, but the mechanisms are not known. The supply of CO2 for photosynthesis is facilitated by extracellular (periplasmic) carbonic anhydrase (CAe) in most marine phytoplankton species. The present study showed that the CAe activity of Skeletonema costatum (Greville) Cleve was stimulated when treated with UV-A (320–395 nm) or UV-A + UV-B (295–320 nm) in addition to visible radiation. The presence of UV-A and UV-B enhanced the activity by 28% and 24%, respectively, at a low irradiance (PAR 161, UV-A 28, UV-B 0.9 W m−2) and by 21% and 19%, respectively, at a high irradiance (PAR 328, UV-A 58, UV-B 1.9 W m−2) level after exposure for 1 h. Ultraviolet radiation stimulated CAe activity contributed up to 6% of the photosynthetic carbon fixation as a result of the enhanced supply of CO2, as revealed using the CAe inhibitor (acetazolamide). As a result, there was less inhibition of photosynthetic carbon fixation compared with the apparent quantum yield of PSII. The UV radiation stimulated CAe activity coincided with the enhanced redox activity at the plasma membrane in the presence of UV-A and/or UV-B. The present study showed that UV radiation can enhance CAe activity, which plays an important role in counteracting UV inhibition of photosynthesis.

Nearshore–offshore comparison of chlorophyll a and phytoplankton production in the dreissenid-colonized eastern basin of Lake Erie

2006 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 1115-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
David C Depew ◽  
Stephanie J Guildford ◽  
Ralph E.H Smith
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Chlorophyll A ◽  
Total Phosphorus ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Light Attenuation ◽  
Phytoplankton Production ◽  
Light Climate ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Underwater Light Climate

Planktonic primary production, chlorophyll a (chl a), underwater light climate, and total phosphorus were measured at 18 stations during 2001 and 2002 in eastern Lake Erie to characterize spatial and seasonal patterns in this system colonized by dreissenid mussels (Dreissena spp.). Areal production rates and chl a displayed a seasonal pattern typical of the Laurentian Great Lakes, with highest production in the early and late summer. Daily and seasonal (May–October) primary production was significantly lower nearshore than offshore. Although light attenuation was similar between nearshore and offshore, the nearshore light climate was generally more favorable for phytoplankton because of shallower mixing depths. However, chl a was significantly lower nearshore, which accounted for most of the depression in production rates. Nearshore chl a was lower than predicted from relationships with total phosphorus in comparable dreissenid-free systems. Offshore, subepilimnetic communities contributed up to 67% of daily production but only up to 19% of seasonal production. The depression of chl a and primary production in the nearshore was a reversal from historic patterns in eastern Lake Erie and from the pattern traditionally expected in large lakes. Decreased external nutrient loading and dreissenid colonization may both have contributed to this new spatial pattern, but dreissenids appear to be key agents.

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