Dynamics of Cadmium-Stressed Plankton Communities

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Marshall ◽  
D. L. Mellinger
Keyword(s):  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Individual Values ◽  
Zooplankton Density ◽  
Plankton Communities

Structural and functional responses of plankton communities to cadmium stress were studied during 1977 in Lake Michigan using small-volume (8 L) completely sealed enclosures, and in Canada's Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) Lake 223 using large-volume (1.5 × 105 L) open-surface enclosures. In Lake Michigan, reductions of the average abundance of micro-crustaceans by cadmium were significantly greater in "light" or shallow epilimnetic incubations than they were in "dark" or deep epilimnetic incubations. Measurements of dissolved oxygen indicated that this interaction with light (depth) was an indirect effect due to a reduction of photosynthesis and primary production. Zooplankton density and species diversity were not significantly affected within 21 d by cadmium concentrations [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] Cd/L, respectively, whereas final dissolved oxygen concentration and percentage similarity (PS) of the crustacean zooplankton community were significantly reduced by [Formula: see text] Cd/L. In the ELA Lake 223 experiment, the reducing effect of cadmium on zooplankton density increased up to 31 d after Cd enrichment and then decreased, probably due to decreasing Cd concentrations in the water. Values of PS on day 24 for the ELA enclosures enriched with 1 and 3 μg Cd/L were within the 95% confidence limits for individual values predicted from a regression of PS on cadmium for the 21-d Lake Michigan experiments.Key words: plankton communities, zooplankton, phytoplankton, cadmium stress, Lake Michigan, Canadian Shield lakes

An In Situ Study of Cadmium and Mercury Stress in the Plankton Community of Lake 382, Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (10) ◽  
pp. 1209-1214 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Marshall ◽  
J. I. Parker ◽  
D. L. Mellinger ◽  
S. G. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Inorganic Mercury ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Plankton Community ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
In Situ Experiments ◽  
Toxic Concentrations ◽  
Shield Lakes ◽  
Plankton Communities

Four in situ experiments with small-volume (28-L) enclosures were conducted in Experimental Lakes Area Lake 382 to assess the effects of inorganic mercury and cadmium on the plankton community. Additions of 0.9 × 10−8 mol Cd/L caused significant reductions of crustacean zooplankton density, zooplankton community similarity, zooplankton species diversity, and dissolved oxygen concentration over 3-wk periods. Additions of 1.0 × 10−8 mol Hg/L caused reductions similar to those of 0.9 × 10−8 mol Cd/L. Phytoplankton primary productivity was reduced by additions of 2.0 × 10−8 mol Hg/L but not by 1.0 × 10−8 mol Hg/L. On a molar concentration basis, the toxicities of inorganic mercury and cadmium were quite similar. Significant changes in lake plankton communities may occur at molar concentrations above 0.2 × 10−8 mol/L. Potentially toxic concentrations of cadmium may occur in many contaminated lakes, but toxic concentrations of mercury probably occur in few lakes.Key words: Precambrian Shield lakes, plankton communities, phytoplankton, zooplankton, cadmium, mercury toxicity

Changes in the crustacean communities of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie following the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P Barbiero ◽  
Marc L Tuchman
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Predatory Cladoceran ◽  
Leptodora Kindti ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

The crustacean zooplankton communities in Lakes Michigan and Huron and the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie have shown substantial, persistent changes since the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes in the mid-1980s. A number of cladoceran species have declined dramatically since the invasion, including Eubosmina coregoni, Holopedium gibberum, Daphnia retrocurva, Daphnia pulicaria, and Leptodora kindti, and overall species richness has decreased as a result. Copepods have been relatively unaffected, with the notable exception of Meso cyclops edax, which has virtually disappeared from the lakes. These species shifts have for the most part been consistent and equally pronounced across all three lakes. Responses of crustacean species to the Bythotrephes invasion do not appear to be solely a consequence of size, and it is likely that other factors, e.g., morphology, vertical distribution, or escape responses, are important determinants of vulnerability to predation. Our results indicate that invertebrate predators in general, and invasive ones in particular, can have pronounced, lasting effects on zooplankton community structure.

Crustacean zooplankton community structure in temporary and permanent grassland ponds

Hydrobiologia ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 632 (1) ◽  
pp. 225-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Matthew Drenner ◽  
Stanley I. Dodson ◽  
Ray W. Drenner ◽  
John E. Pinder III
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Permanent Grassland

Calibration of the zooplankton community size spectrum as an indicator of change in Canadian Shield lakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (12) ◽  
pp. 2268-2287
Author(s):  
Lauren Emily Barth ◽  
Brian John Shuter ◽  
William Gary Sprules ◽  
Charles Kenneth Minns ◽  
James Anthony Rusak
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Canadian Shield ◽  
Rate Of Change ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Sampling Protocols ◽  
Stable Characteristic ◽  
Shield Lakes

Developing the crustacean zooplankton community size spectrum into an indicator of change in lakes requires quantification of the natural variability in the size spectrum related to broad-scale seasonal, annual, and spatial factors. Characterizing seasonal patterns of variation in the size spectrum is necessary so that monitoring programs can be designed to minimize the masking effects that seasonal processes can have on detecting longer-term temporal change. We used a random effects model to measure monthly, annual, and interlake variability in the slope (i.e., relative abundance of small and large organisms) and centered height (i.e., total abundance) of the crustacean zooplankton normalized abundance size spectrum from 1981 to 2011 among eight Canadian Shield lakes. Consistent with theoretical predictions, the slope was a relatively stable characteristic of the zooplankton community compared with the height, which varied significantly among lakes. We identified a seasonal signal in height and slope and used a mixed effects model to characterize the linear rate of change from May to October; there was an overall decline in height and an overall increase in slope. Seasonal variance was greater than annual variance for both the height and the slope, suggesting that long-term monitoring of lakes and interlake comparisons using zooplankton size spectra should be based on temporally standardized sampling protocols that minimize the effects of seasonal processes. We recommend sampling the zooplankton community in midsummer because this results in size spectrum estimates close to seasonal mean values.

scholarly journals Zooplankton Community Response to Seasonal Hypoxia: A Test of Three Hypotheses

Diversity ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie E. Keister ◽  
Amanda K. Winans ◽  
BethElLee Herrmann
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Puget Sound ◽  
Temporal Stability ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Seasonal Hypoxia

Several hypotheses of how zooplankton communities respond to coastal hypoxia have been put forward in the literature over the past few decades. We explored three of those that are focused on how zooplankton composition or biomass is affected by seasonal hypoxia using data collected over two summers in Hood Canal, a seasonally-hypoxic sub-basin of Puget Sound, Washington. We conducted hydrographic profiles and zooplankton net tows at four stations, from a region in the south that annually experiences moderate hypoxia to a region in the north where oxygen remains above hypoxic levels. The specific hypotheses tested were that low oxygen leads to: (1) increased dominance of gelatinous relative to crustacean zooplankton, (2) increased dominance of cyclopoid copepods relative to calanoid copepods, and (3) overall decreased zooplankton abundance and biomass at hypoxic sites compared to where oxygen levels are high. Additionally, we examined whether the temporal stability of community structure was decreased by hypoxia. We found evidence of a shift toward more gelatinous zooplankton and lower total zooplankton abundance and biomass at hypoxic sites, but no clear increase in the dominance of cyclopoid relative to calanoid copepods. We also found the lowest variance in community structure at the most hypoxic site, in contrast to our prediction. Hypoxia can fundamentally alter marine ecosystems, but the impacts differ among systems.

Effects of Low Concentrations of Cadmium on the Crustacean Zooplankton Community of an Artificially Acidified Lake

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S1) ◽  
pp. s163-s172 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. G. Lawrence ◽  
M. H. Holoka
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Individual Species ◽  
Calanoid Copepods ◽  
Bosmina Longirostris ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Total Community

The toxic effects of cadmium to total community and individual species of zooplankton generally decreased as pH of the lake was experimentally lowered over a number of years by additions of acids. The biomass of crustacean zooplankton held in small impoundment systems suspended in the lake for fourteen days was reduced by 60–70% when pH was 6.7–6.8 and concentrations of Cd were maintained at 1 μg∙L−1, and by 70–80% when Cd was at 3 μg∙L−1. At a pH of 5.9, however, biomass was reduced only 20–30% in concentrations of Cd of 1 μg∙L−1, and at pH 5.6, biomass decreased by only 20% when subjected to 3 μg∙L−1 Cd. The cladocerans Bosmina longirostris and Holopedium gibberum were the most sensitive to cadmium. Cladocerans were more sensitive to cadmium than calanoid copepods, and both these groups were more sensitive then cyclopoid copepods. The decrease in toxicity of cadmium with increasing H+ may be analogous to the inhibition of uptake of cadmium by calcium.

Zooplankton and Trophic State Relationships in Florida Lakes

1983 ◽  
Vol 40 (10) ◽  
pp. 1813-1819 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. S. Bays ◽  
T. L. Crisman
Keyword(s):  
Trophic State ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Trophic State Index ◽  
Total Zooplankton ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Florida Lakes ◽  
Total Zooplankton Biomass

Zooplankton, including ciliated protozoans, were collected from 39 Florida lakes of widely ranging trophic state. Annual mean biomass values for different zooplankton groups were regressed against Carlson's Trophic State Index based on annual mean chlorophyll a concentration. Whereas total zooplankton biomass yielded a significant regression with increasing trophic state, microzooplankton (ciliates, rotifers, and nauplii) accounted for more of the relationship than macrozooplankton (cladocera, calanoids, and cyclopoids). Within the microzooplankton, the regression improved with decreasing body size. Macrozooplankton biomass exhibited a weak statistical relationship with lake trophic state, but the different component groups were variable in their response. The dominance within the zooplankton community shifts from macrozooplankton to microzooplankton with increasing trophic state, and the microzooplankton can constitute between 50 and 90% of the total zooplankton biomass in eutrophic lakes. Changes in zooplanktivore community structure with increasing trophic state show that whereas total fish biomass increases, dominance shifts from visually oriented predators, such as bass and bluegill, to pump filter-feeding planktivores, such as gizzard shad (Dorosoma cepedianum). While Florida zooplankton communities are similar in size structure to tropical communities, no statistically significant differences were found between empirical equations of crustacean zooplankton biomass and trophic state determined from temperate and Florida data bases.

Crustacean Plankton Communities in Forty-Five Lakes in the Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario

1971 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazimierz Patalas
Keyword(s):  
Common Species ◽  
Medium Size ◽  
Experimental Lakes Area ◽  
Northwestern Ontario ◽  
Lake Morphology ◽  
Diaptomus Oregonensis ◽  
Crustacean Plankton ◽  
Limnocalanus Macrurus ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Plankton Communities

Zooplankton communities were characterized on the basis of samples taken in summer as vertical net hauls in the central part of lakes. Twenty-eight species of crustaceans were found in the 45 lakes studied. The highest number of species as well as the highest numbers of individuals (per unit of area) usually occurred in the largest deepest lakes with most transparent water.The most common species were: Bosmina longirostris, Tropocyclops prasinus mexicanus, Mesocyclops edax, Diaptomus minutus, Holopedium gibberum, and Cyclops bicuspidatus thomasi. Daphnids were rather scarcely represented.Senecella calanoides, Limnocalanus macrurus, and Diaptomus sicilis were confined to rather deeper lakes, whereas Diaptomus oregonensis was found mostly in smaller shallower lakes and Diaptomus leptopus in very small, but relatively deep lakes. Diaptomus minutus and C. b. thomasi, though widely distributed, showed a preference for deeper lakes, whereas T. p. mexicanus tended towards smaller shallower lakes.In particular lakes, the number of dominants ranged between 1 and 5, but three dominants per lake was the most commonly encountered case. The simplest community was composed of one cyclopoid, though the most common consisted of one cyclopoid, one diaptomid, and one cladoceran.Four types of communities were distinguished, each of them characteristic for a group of lakes of specific size and depth: (I) in the largest and deepest lakes (389–1007 ha of area, 30–117 m maximum depth); (II) in lakes of medium size and depth (6.5–200 ha, 4.8–33 m); (III) in small and very shallow lakes (3.1–28 ha, 2.7–7.3 m); (IV) in very small lakes with medium depth (1.3–3.7 ha, 6.1–12.8 m).The high degree of similarity between the plankton communities of the Experimental Lakes Area (ELA) and southern Ontario, as well as of some Great Lakes, suggest that they all basically belong to the same zoogeographical area.The fact that most species were distributed evenly throughout ELA may indicate the relative uniformity of the area. In ELA, lake morphology is mainly responsible for defining the type of community.

Recent shifts in the crustacean zooplankton community of Lake Huron

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (5) ◽  
pp. 816-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P. Barbiero ◽  
Mary Balcer ◽  
David C. Rockwell ◽  
Marc L. Tuchman
Keyword(s):  
Primary Production ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Lake Huron ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
The South ◽  
Bosmina Longirostris ◽  
Nutrient Levels ◽  
Low Levels

Cladoceran populations in the open waters of Lake Huron declined abruptly in 2003 and have since remained at historically low levels. The two dominant cladocerans, Daphnia mendotae and Bosmina longirostris , have been nearly extirpated from the northern region of the lake and are present in only slightly greater numbers in the south. Average nonpredatory cladoceran biomass in the lake has declined over 90% between 1998–2002 and 2003–2006. In addition, historically unprecedented declines in cyclopoid copepods were seen in the lake in 2005. These changes have occurred against the backdrop of declining nutrient levels in the lake and have coincided closely with declines in the amphipod Diporeia . We speculate that a combination of reduced primary production in the open waters and intensified planktivory due to the continuing disappearance of Diporeia has accounted for the losses in crustacean biomass seen in recent years.

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