Assessment of Lamprey and Fish Stocks in the Great Lakes in Relation to Control of the Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus): Report from the SLIS Assessment Measurements Task Force

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2197-2201 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Maitland
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Nontarget Organisms ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
The Impact

Available and potential methodology for assessing lamprey and prey fish populations is related to existing and future requirements of the sea lamprey control program of the Great Lakes Fishery Commission (GLFC). For lamprey, we recommend that the classification of Great Lakes tributaries according to their potential for larval production and the quality of lamprey attack data should be improved and standardized; standardized collections of spawning run adults should be continued; research should be encouraged on attractants and repellents, a male sterilization program, and the biology of parasitic phase animals. For fish, we recommend that more emphasis be given to the precision and standardization of estimates to allow better comparison between places and years, and the assessment of fish stocks other than major prey species; the GLFC support an evaluation program of an important prey species; and that other assessment methods (e.g. acoustic; counts of entrained fish) be explored. Because lamprey control is a long-term process that may span periods of environmental change, monitoring of physical, chemical, and biotic factors should be encouraged. Research on the impact of lampricides on nontarget organisms should be expanded. We also discuss and offer suggestions on the future of sea lamprey control.Key words: stock assessment, fishery surveys, methodology, populations control, proposed research

Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) Control — Where to From Here? Report of the SLIS Control Theory Task Force

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2175-2192 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. Lamsa ◽  
C. M. Rovainen ◽  
D. P. Kolenosky ◽  
L. H. Hanson
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Population Control ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Behavioral Differences ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Bodies Of Water

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) control with selective toxicants has reduced sea lamprey abundance in the Great Lakes to levels which permit survival of desirable fish species, but development of alternate and supplemental control methods is essential since chemicals cannot be used indefinitely. The Task Force addressed hypotheses which relate to regulation of sea lamprey numbers during different life history stages and why sea lampreys appear to affect fish stocks differently in various bodies of water. Examination of the information about the various factors that control sea lamprey abundance, both natural and man-made, permitted the Task Force to develop several hypotheses and to indicate areas where additional emphasis or research could produce new or supplementary control methods. Efforts to develop an integrated program of sea lamprey control should be accelerated by development of present promising areas as well as expansion in new directions. Sea lampreys when compared with teleosts exhibit many features of a prototype vertebrate and some unique specializations. Physiological, biochemical, or behavioral differences between lampreys and teleosts may be exploitable for developing control techniques specific to sea lampreys.Key words: sea lamprey, Great Lakes, population control, barrier dams, integrated pest management, buffer species, physiology, teleosts

Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in Lakes Huron, Michigan, and Superior: History of Invasion and Control, 1936–78

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 1780-1801 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. R. Smith ◽  
J. J. Tibbles
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Control Program ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Fish Stocks

Sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) entered the upper three Great Lakes in the late 1930s and began making sharp inroads into the fish stocks by the mid-1940s in lakes Huron and Michigan and the mid-1950s in Lake Superior. The first serious attempts to control the parasite began in 1950 with the installation of mechanical barriers along the United States shore of Lake Huron to block spawning runs. Electrical barriers, developed in 1952, were installed in 132 tributaries of the Great Lakes by 1960, but control measures did not become effective until after 1958, when a selective toxicant — the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) — was used to destroy larval lampreys in streams. In the 21 years, 1958–78, 1223 treatments of tributaries of the upper three lakes with TFM were completed in 334 streams — 91 in Canada and 243 in the United States. Evidence of the success of the control program was soon obvious: first by reduced sea lamprey spawning runs as measured by the numbers of adults taken at electrical barriers; second by significant decreases in the incidence of sea lamprey wounds on lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush); and finally by the excellent responses of major fish stocks to sea lamprey control. All three of the upper lakes have large numbers of lake trout, coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha), and other salmonids available to the sport fishery and in some areas to the commercial fishing industry. Although the sea lamprey control program has been successful, it is important that emphasis be placed on developing new and innovative methods to reduce the dependence on lampricides. It is expected that a fully integrated program will eventually comprise several methods, including permanent barrier dams on selected streams and the use of sterilants, attractants, repellents, and biological controls, as well as chemical lampricides.Key words: sea lamprey, distribution, abundance, history, predation, integrated controls, Huron, Michigan, Superior

scholarly journals Evaluating active genetic options for the control of sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Laurentian Great Lakes

2019 ◽  
Vol 76 (7) ◽  
pp. 1186-1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald E. Thresher ◽  
Michael Jones ◽  
D. Andrew R. Drake
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Expert Panel ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Genetic Technology ◽  
Technical Problems ◽  
International Consultation ◽  
Core Issues

For more than two decades the Great Lakes Fishery Commission has sought tactics to complement, and potentially replace, the use of barriers and lampricides to control sea lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) in the Great Lakes, but thus far without success. This paper examines the potential of modern genetic technology to suppress these invasive populations. We identified six recombinant options that appeared to be moderately to highly feasible, most of which were judged by an expert panel as extremely low or low risk, and for which research and development was broadly supported by stakeholders. The two options judged to overall best combine high efficacy and low risks were a Mendelian “sex ratio drive” and genetically modifying a prey species combined with killing or sterilizing sea lamprey that fed on it. Core issues regarding use of genetic biocontrol in the Great Lakes include technical problems associated with maintaining a sea lamprey brood line, information gaps for most options, the extent of broader public support, and the extent and nature of national and international consultation required in making decisions about control options.

Bioenergetics Model and Foraging Hypothesis for Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus)

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2159-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Kitchell ◽  
James E. Breck
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Fish Mortality ◽  
Feeding Rates ◽  
Mortality Pattern ◽  
Bioenergetics Model ◽  
Host Mortality ◽  
Host Fishes ◽  
The Impact

A bioenergetics model for growth of lamprey during the parasitic phase was used to estimate food consumption by lampreys and the impact of lamprey feeding on host fishes. Estimates are evaluated by application to several Great Lakes case histories. Temperature and size-dependence of feeding and respiration were sufficient to account for growth dynamics. The model demonstrates that distribution of host fishes, by determining the thermal history of the lamprey, has important effects on lamprey life history and host mortality. Modeled lamprey growth and feeding rates, relative to size of the host, predict a strongly seasonal host mortality rate peaking in autumn. The predicted mortality pattern corresponds with that of independently derived data. Principles of optimal foraging theory applied to lamprey yield a hypothesis that predicts highest wounding and scarring frequencies at intermediate lamprey: host abundance ratios. A second component of the hypothesis predicts seasonal changes in these frequencies as lamprey size increases. Growth rates of lamprey and their host species plus wounding and scarring frequencies are more sensitive indicators of changing abundance ratios and lamprey effects than population changes resulting from predation by lamprey.Key words: sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus; model, bioenergetics, growth, consumption, fish mortality, Great Lakes

A deathly odor suggests a new sustainable tool for controlling a costly invasive species

2011 ◽  
Vol 68 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157-1160 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Michael Wagner ◽  
Eric M. Stroud ◽  
Trevor D. Meckley
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Behavioral Response ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Soxhlet Extraction ◽  
Control Program ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Laurentian Great Lakes ◽  
Sea Lampreys

Here we confirm a long-standing anecdotal observation; the sea lamprey ( Petromyzon marinus ) actively avoids the odor emitted by decaying conspecifics. We extracted the semiochemical mixture produced by the putrefying carcasses of sea lampreys via Soxhlet extraction in ethanol and exposed groups of 10 migratory-phase lampreys to either the putrefaction extract (N = 8) or an ethanol control (N = 8) in a laboratory raceway. Sea lampreys rapidly avoided the putrefaction odor while exhibiting no response to the ethanol control. This response was elicited with a diluted mixture (1:373 000) and was maintained for 40 min (the duration of exposure), after which the lampreys quickly returned to their nominal distribution. The ease with which this odor is obtained, and the rapid and consistent behavioral response, suggests the substance will prove useful as a repellent in the sea lamprey control program carried out in the Laurentian Great Lakes.

scholarly journals Does recreational catch impact the TAC for commercial fisheries?

2014 ◽  
Vol 72 (2) ◽  
pp. 450-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margit Eero ◽  
Harry V. Strehlow ◽  
Charles M. Adams ◽  
Morten Vinther
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
General Framework ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Commercial Fisheries ◽  
Crucial Aspect ◽  
Total Allowable Catch ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Management Advice ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Baltic Cod

Abstract The western Baltic cod is one of the first fish stocks in Europe that, since 2013, includes recreational catches in stock assessment and fisheries management advice. In this paper, we investigate the sensitivity of the calculated commercial total allowable catch (TAC) to including recreational catches in stock assessment. Our results show that the most crucial aspect in terms of the impact on commercial TAC is the assumption on recreational catch dynamics relative to that of commercial fisheries used in forecast. The results were less sensitive to the information on the historical amount and age structure of recreational catch. Our study is intended to inform potential debates related to resource allocation between the commercial and recreational sectors and contribute to developing a general framework for incorporating recreational catches in fisheries management advice in ICES.

Interactions between Sea Lamprey (Petromyzon marinus) and their Forage Base. A Report from the SUS Stock Effects Task Force

1980 ◽  
Vol 37 (11) ◽  
pp. 2193-2196 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. H. Lawrie
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
International Symposium ◽  
Fishery Management ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Petromyzon Marinus ◽  
Sea Lamprey ◽  
Sea Lampreys ◽  
Finger Lakes ◽  
Forage Base

A task force of participants convened during the course of the Sea Lamprey International Symposium considered the implications, for management of Great Lakes fisheries, of information provided about known interactions between feeding sea lampreys and the stocks of fish on which they prey. A weighted series of recommendations identified the need for more information or for changes in management practice.Key words: sea lamprey, Great Lakes, Finger Lakes, fishery management, stock concept

The impact of cats and foxes on the small vertebrate fauna of Heirisson Prong, Western Australia. I. Exploring potential impact using diet analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeff Short ◽  
Michael C. Calver ◽  
Danielle A. Risbey
Keyword(s):  
Western Australia ◽  
Prey Species ◽  
Food Type ◽  
Gut Contents ◽  
Frequency Of Occurrence ◽  
Feral Cats ◽  
Important Prey ◽  
Introduced Predators ◽  
Small Vertebrate ◽  
The Impact

The diets of cats (Felis catus) and foxes (Vulpes vulpes) killed during predator control at a semi-arid site in Western Australia were studied to see which prey species may be affected by predation from these introduced predators. The number of items, biomass and frequency of occurrence of each food type in the gut contents from 109 feral cats, 62 semi-feral cats and 47 foxes were used to calculate an Index of Relative Importance for each food category for each predator. Mammals were the most important prey group for all three predators, with rabbit being the most highly ranked prey species. The diets of feral and semi-feral cats were similar in dietary diversity but differed in the frequency of occurrence of some food categories. Native rodents, birds and reptiles occurred more frequently and were ranked higher in the diet of feral cats, and food scraps occurred more frequently in the diet of semi-feral cats. The diet of foxes was less diverse than that of either group of cats. Invertebrates and sheep carrion were more important prey categories for foxes than for cats. In the summer–autumn period, foxes ate more sheep carrion and invertebrates than they did in winter–spring. The diet of feral cats was more diverse in summer–autumn, including a greater range of invertebrates and more rodents, birds and reptiles than in the winter–spring period. We predict that cats are more likely to have an impact on small vertebrates at this site and that the control of cats could lead to recoveries in the populations of native rodents, birds and reptiles. By contrast, the control of foxes alone may lead to a rise in cat numbers and a consequent detrimental impact on small vertebrate populations.

scholarly journals A multi-stock harvest control rule based on “pretty good yield” ranges to support mixed-fisheries management

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorleta Garcia ◽  
Paul J Dolder ◽  
Ane Iriondo ◽  
Claire Moore ◽  
Raúl Prellezo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fisheries Management ◽  
Stock Assessment ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Fishing Mortality ◽  
Fish Stocks ◽  
Control Rule ◽  
Harvest Control Rule ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Ecosystem Based Fisheries Management

Abstract Advice for commercially exploited fish stocks is usually given on a stock-by-stock basis. In light of the ecosystem-based fisheries management, the need to move towards a holistic approach has been largely acknowledged. In addition, the discard bans in some countries requires consistent catch advice among stocks to mitigate choke species limiting fisheries activity. In this context, in 2015, the European Commission proposed the use of fishing mortality ranges around fishing mortality targets to give flexibility to the catch advice system and improve the use of fishing opportunities in mixed-fisheries. We present a multi-stock harvest control rule (HCR) that uses single stock assessment results and fishing mortality ranges to generate a consistent catch advice among stocks. We tested the performance of the HCR in two different case studies. An artificial case study with three stocks exploited simultaneously by a single fleet and the demersal mixed-fishery operating in Bay of Biscay and Celtic Sea. The HCR produced consistent catch advice among stocks when there was only a single fleet exploiting them. Even more, the HCR removed the impact of the discard ban. However, in a multi-fleet framework the performance of the HCR varied depending on the characteristics of the fleets.

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