Perturbations in Zooplankton Communities in a Continuously Flowing Impoundment System Incubated in situ

1987 ◽  
Vol 44 (S1) ◽  
pp. s154-s162 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. H. Holoka ◽  
S. G. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Toxic Materials ◽  
Similarity Indices ◽  
Self Powered ◽  
Percent Similarity ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

An apparatus which draws lake water, either filtered or unaltered, at a preestablished rate through four 40.75 L vessels incubated in situ is described. The system provides facilities for the synchronous addition of experimental liquids such as toxicants. All components are readily transportable. The system is self-powered for periods up to one month depending on the rate of flow chosen. This apparatus provides for the isolation of the zooplankton community from other compartments in the lake, incubation in natural conditions, experimental periods of from 1 to 30 d, maintenance of chosen concentrations of added materials continuously or non-continuously as appropriate, and entry of food organisms with concomitant dilution of wastes and metabolites.The responses of selected zooplankton species or of zooplankton communities to impoundment, manipulation of predator or prey organisms and the addition of nutrient or toxic materials can be assessed as they occur in the naturally varying conditions of a lake environment while the population is being held as a separate and defined part of the whole-lake ecosystem.Methods for the construction and use of the apparatus, and for collection of samples are described. Methods for enumerating organisms in several sizes of subsamples are assessed. Data generated in several experiments are analyzed using standard statistical methods and percent similarity indices.

Impact of Permethrin on Zooplankton Communities in Limnocorrals

1985 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. K. Kaushik ◽  
G. L. Stephenson ◽  
K. R. Solomon ◽  
K. E. Day
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Exposure Concentration ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Direct And Indirect Impacts ◽  
Indirect Impacts ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
The Impact

A series of in situ aquatic enclosures or limnocorrals (5 × 5 × 5 m deep) was used to evaluate the impact of the insecticide permethrin (3-phenoxybenzy[(1RS)-cis,trans-3-(2,2-dimethyl-3-dichlorovinyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate) (50.0 and 5.0 μg∙L−1 in 1979 and 5.0 and 0.5 μg∙L−1 in 1980) on the pelagic zooplankton community in a 10-ha mesotrophic lake in southern Ontario. Permethrin was acutely toxic to the macrozooplankton (Cladocera and Copepoda) at all concentrations; microzooplankton (Rotifera) showed acute toxicity only at 50.0 μg∙L−1. Despite this initial toxicity, the density of microzooplankton increased dramatically 15–20 d post-treatment in all treated enclosures, and the rotifer populations dominated the zooplankton community for 3–4 wk. The high densities of microzooplankton were attributed to their inherent reproductive capabilities when released from competition and predation pressures. Resilience of the different zooplankton taxa was variable and depended upon both the species and the exposure concentration. Diversity of zooplankton was significantly reduced in communities exposed to permethrin. The limnocorral technique has proved to be an important tool for assessment of direct and indirect impacts of pesticides on and probable recovery of a zooplankton community under natural conditions.

8. The Effect of Bythotrephes Longimanus on the Size Structure of Zooplankton Communities in the Muskoka Region, Ontario

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Pokorny
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Scale Effects ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Zooplankton Abundance ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Community Size ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Invasive species are considered the greatest threat to aquatic ecosystem biodiversity. Bythotrephes longimanus, an exotic zooplankton species introduced to North America in the 1980s, is threatening the structure of indigenous aquatic ecosystems as it continues to invade inland Ontario lakes. As a predacious zooplankton species, B. longimanus has been shown to decrease zooplankton abundance, species richness and shift zooplankton community size structure in invaded lakes. However, much of the previous research concerning the predatory effects of B. longimanus has been on surveys of a small number of lakes or has been in controlled mesocosm or lab-based experiments. This study examines the effects of B. longimanus on the zooplankton community using size-structure characterizations (grouping individuals from the community based on size) as community measures for 311 lakes in the Muskoka Region, a highly invaded watershed in Southern Ontario. More specifically, the study explores the size-spectra of invaded versus uninvaded lakes, with reference to an array of environmental lake characteristics (water chemistry, lake morphometry,etc.), and the relevance of B. longimanus activity on the regional scale. By using such a large-scale survey we will be able to appreciate regional-scale effects, as well as encompass the multiple and more indirect trophic interactions that B. longimanus is likely having with the entire aquatic community. (Funding: NSERC & CAISN.)

scholarly journals Monitoring simplification in plankton communities using different ecological approaches

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Albuquerque de Souza ◽  
Karine Borges Machado ◽  
João Carlos Nabout ◽  
Daphne Heloisa de Freitas Muniz ◽  
Eduardo Cyrino Oliveira-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Monitoring ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Testate Amoebae ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
The Other ◽  
Taxonomic Resolution ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Phytoplankton Communities ◽  
Family Level ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Abstract Aim This study aimed to answer: (i) can phytoplankton communities be used as surrogate of zooplankton communities?; (ii) can we use ecological approaches like functional groups (FG) or morphofunctional classification (MBFG) as surrogate for phytoplankton species?; (iii) can we use substitute groups (cladocera, copepod, rotifer or testate amoebae) as surrogate for zooplankton species?; (iv) are the environmental variables’ ordination standards concordant with the ordering patterns of phytoplankton and zooplankton species?; and (v) for both communities, is the spatial pattern of ordination maintained using density data or presence/absence of individuals or lower taxonomic resolutions? Methods The study was conducted in 25 water bodies that supply central-pivot irrigation in the Federal District - Brazil (Rio Preto Basin), in October 2012. We evaluated some physical and chemical variables as well as phytoplankton and zooplankton samples. To evaluate correlation among biological groups, numerical and higher taxonomic resolutions, we performed some Mantel and Procrustes analyses. Results Evaluating the use of substitute groups, comparisons between phytoplankton and zooplankton, FG and MBFG classifications and almost all the comparisons between zooplankton groups suggested concordant patterns. However, the values of r were low, all below 0.70. Biological analyses with phytoplankton and zooplankton can be performed using presence/absence of individuals without significant loss of information, except for MBFG classification and copepods. Data may also be used at genus or family level for copepods and testate amoebae and only data at genus level for cladocerans and rotifers. Different results were found concerning taxonomic resolution for phytoplankton considering that, while being significant, the r value was less than 0.70. Conclusions For environmental monitoring purposes, it is important to sample both phytoplankton and zooplankton communities because one is not surrogate of the other one, in the same way as phytoplankton density and their functional and morphofunctional approaches. On the other hand, to simplify the environmental monitoring, it is possible to adopt presence/absence species data instead of abundance data for both zooplankton and phytoplankton communities, except for copepods and morphofunctional approach. It is also possible to adopt genera level for zooplankton community and family level for copepods and testate amoebae.

Cladoceran- and copepod-dominated zooplankton communities graze at similar rates in low-productivity lakes

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-422 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hélène Cyr
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Grazing Rate ◽  
Taxonomic Composition ◽  
Zooplankton Biomass ◽  
Phytoplankton Assemblage ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Copepod Biomass

Many studies suggest that the taxonomic composition of a zooplankton community should determine its grazing rate and selectivity for different types of particles. It is generally believed that copepod-dominated communities should (i) have lower grazing rates and (ii) consume larger particles than communities dominated by large cladocerans. I tested these hypotheses in situ by comparing zooplankton grazing in 19 communities from low-productivity lakes where the zooplankton ranged from >99% copepod biomass to >90% large cladoceran biomass (Holopedium gibberum, Daphnia spp.). The zooplankton grazed 1-14% of total chlorophyll per day and 0-17% of the chlorophyll in algae <35 µm per day. Grazing rates increased with increasing zooplankton biomass (r2 = 0.34, P < 0.01), but once the effect of zooplankton biomass was accounted for, similar grazing rates were found in copepod- and in cladoceran-dominated communities. The difference in grazing rates on small algae and on the whole phytoplankton assemblage, on the other hand, varied systematically with zooplankton taxonomic composition. Holopedium-dominated communities were most efficient at grazing algae <35 µm, Bosmina-dominated communities had similar grazing rates on algae <35 µm and on the whole phytoplankton assemblage, and copepod-dominated communities had similar or slightly higher grazing rates on the whole phytoplankton assemblage. Qualitative differences in grazing selectivity of different zooplankton taxa are observed in complex natural communities.

scholarly journals Zooplankton communities as eutrophication bioindicators in tropical reservoirs

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio José Gazonato Neto ◽  
Lidiane Cristina da Silva ◽  
Angelo Augusto Saggio ◽  
Odete Rocha
Keyword(s):  
Trophic State ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Water Level Fluctuations ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Monitoring Tools ◽  
Chemical Measurements ◽  
Water Quality Change ◽  
Zooplankton Communities ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Eutrophication is a process characterized by an increase in the aquatic system productivity, which causes profound changes in the structure of its communities. Owing to the high environmental sensitivity of planktonic species, the study of their communities can indicate the deterioration of the environment. The Jaguari and Jacareí reservoirs are part of the Cantareira System, supplying water to São Paulo inhabitants and that has been affected by several forms of continuous human interference. Here we analyze some properties of the zooplankton community as bioindicators of eutrophication and water quality change. In situ physical and chemical measurements were carried out, water was collected for analysis and quantitative zooplankton samples were taken at eight sites in the two reservoirs, in both seasons, dry and rainy. Species were identified and their numerical abundances and biomasses were determined and used to estimate two biological indices. The overall trophic state and zooplankton structure, the Calanoida/Cyclopoida ratio and the k-dominance curves were associated with the disturbance levels, mainly represented by nutrient river inputs and by water level fluctuations. The Jaguari Reservoir was more eutrophicated than the Jacareí Reservoir, as evidenced by the obtained indices values. The zooplankton community properties used as indicators of the reservoir trophic state were useful monitoring tools.

Zooplankton community response to experimental acidification in boreal shield lakes with different ecological histories

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (6) ◽  
pp. 887-898 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison M Derry ◽  
Shelley E Arnott
Keyword(s):  
Lake Water ◽  
Biotic Interactions ◽  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Acid Tolerance ◽  
Dispersal Limitation ◽  
Community Response ◽  
Boreal Lakes ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Water Ph ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

Community responses to acidification and recovery of boreal lakes are poorly understood, particularly after several years of recovered lake-water pH (pH ≥ 6.0). We tested if zooplankton communities in two circumneutral lakes with different acidification histories were adapted to historical lake-water pH with a reciprocal transplant field enclosure experiment. A second objective was to assess the influence of local environments on zooplankton survival and abundance. Differences in acid tolerance could be detected in some zooplankton among the two lakes with different acidification histories — zooplankton from acid-recovering Carlyle Lake, recovered to pH ≥ 6.0 for 6 years were more speciose and maintained higher total abundance at pH 4.8 than the community from a buffered lake. The zooplankton community in this historically acidified lake was comprised of two dominant species with acid-adaptable tolerances, Holopedium gibberum and Leptodiaptomus minutus. High establishment of transplanted zooplankton in our experiment has important implications for the recovery of zooplankton communities because it suggests that local conditions are suitable for most species in acid-recovering lakes with pH ≥ 6.0 and that other factors such as dispersal limitation and biotic interactions may be impeding recovery.

Changes in the crustacean communities of Lakes Michigan, Huron, and Erie following the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes longimanus

2004 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 2111-2125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard P Barbiero ◽  
Marc L Tuchman
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Crustacean Zooplankton ◽  
Bythotrephes Longimanus ◽  
Zooplankton Community Structure ◽  
Cladoceran Species ◽  
Invertebrate Predators ◽  
Predatory Cladoceran ◽  
Leptodora Kindti ◽  
Escape Responses ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

The crustacean zooplankton communities in Lakes Michigan and Huron and the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie have shown substantial, persistent changes since the invasion of the predatory cladoceran Bythotrephes in the mid-1980s. A number of cladoceran species have declined dramatically since the invasion, including Eubosmina coregoni, Holopedium gibberum, Daphnia retrocurva, Daphnia pulicaria, and Leptodora kindti, and overall species richness has decreased as a result. Copepods have been relatively unaffected, with the notable exception of Meso cyclops edax, which has virtually disappeared from the lakes. These species shifts have for the most part been consistent and equally pronounced across all three lakes. Responses of crustacean species to the Bythotrephes invasion do not appear to be solely a consequence of size, and it is likely that other factors, e.g., morphology, vertical distribution, or escape responses, are important determinants of vulnerability to predation. Our results indicate that invertebrate predators in general, and invasive ones in particular, can have pronounced, lasting effects on zooplankton community structure.

scholarly journals Comparative study of the zooplankton composition of six lacustrine ecosystems in Central Brazil during the dry season

2000 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. do R. M. STARLING
Keyword(s):  
Zooplankton Community ◽  
Federal District ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Zooplankton Species ◽  
Waste Stabilisation Ponds ◽  
Central Brazil ◽  
Morphometric Features ◽  
Santa Maria ◽  
Sørensen Index

Zooplankton community from six lacustrine ecosystems located in Federal District (Central Brazil) was studied based on samples collected during the dry season (July to September). A total of 71 taxa were recorded: 44 rotifers, 17 cladocerans and 10 copepods. The highest number of zooplankton species was recorded in oligotrophic Bonita Pond (32 species) and the lowest number in hypertrophic waste stabilisation ponds (7 species). This tendency of decreasing the diversity with increasing trophic level was consistent with a cluster analysis of the samples based on Sorensen index of similarity. From the overall similarity dendrogram, two groups of ecosystems were distinguished: one containing the natural ponds Bonita and Formosa and the other comprising the reservoirs Santa Maria, Descoberto and Paranoá. The role of morphometric features in determining the zooplankton community in such lacustrine ecosystems was also discussed.

Predation by three glacial opportunists on natural zooplankton communities

1986 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Redwood W. Nero ◽  
W. Gary Sprules
Keyword(s):  
Previous Survey ◽  
Clearance Rates ◽  
Mysis Relicta ◽  
Chydorus Sphaericus ◽  
Theoretical Comparison ◽  
Feeding Experiments ◽  
Predatory Impact ◽  
Limnocalanus Macrurus ◽  
Zooplankton Communities

We examine the influence of three glacial opportunist predators, Mysis relicta, Limnocalanus macrurus, and Senecella calanoides, on natural zooplankton communities of central Ontario through a series of feeding experiments in small enclosures (23.6 L). Estimates of in situ clearance rates by M. relicta match previously determined rates, with the following gradation of values: Asplanchna sp. > daphnids and bosminids > Epischura lacustris > large cyclopoids, Chydorus sphaericus and small Diaptomus sp. > L. macrurus > S. calanoides. Clearance rates by M. relicta are similar for all daphnids and bosminids. Hypolimnetic species like Daphnia longiremis and Eubosmina longispina are apparently eliminated by M. relicta, while similarly vulnerable species survive because they have an epilimnetic refuge from M. relicta. Limnocalanus macrurus and S. calanoides prey primarily on copepods, Diaphanosoma spp., and rotifers in the hypolimnion. When both clearance rates and population densities of M. relicta, L. macrurus, and S. calanoides are taken into account, the total predatory impact of M. relicta is much larger than that of the two relict copepods. Based on a theoretical comparison of measured clearance rates by predators with estimated rates of prey recruitment, we conclude that differences in species composition and abundance between relict and nonrelict lakes described in a previous survey are due principally to predation by M. relicta.

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