Modelling Bioaccumulation of Organic Pollutants in Fish with an Application to PCBs in Lake Ontario Salmonids

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 318-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Craig Barber ◽  
Luis A. Suárez ◽  
Ray R. Lassiter
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Aqueous Environment ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Contaminated Food

A model describing passive accumulation of organic chemicals from the aqueous environment and contaminated food in fish is developed. This model considers both biological attributes of the fish and physicochemical properties of the chemical that determine diffusive exchange across gill membranes and intestinal mucosa. Important biological characteristics addressed by the model are the fish's gill morphometry, feeding and growth rate and fractional aqueous, lipid, and nonlipid organic composition. Relevant physicochemical properties are the chemical's molar volume and n-octanol/water partition coefficient (Kow), which are used to estimate the chemical's aqueous diffusivity and partitioning to the fish's lipid and nonlipid organic fractions respectively. The model is used to describe and to analyze the bioaccumulation of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in Lake Ontario alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), brown trout (Salmo trutta), and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush).

An examination of the PCB: lipid relationship among individual fish

1997 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 1031-1038
Author(s):  
C A Stow ◽  
L J Jackson ◽  
J F Amrhein
Keyword(s):  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Strong Linear Correlation ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
The Relationship

We examined data from 1984 to 1994 for five species of Lake Michigan salmonids to explore the relationship between total PCB concentration and percent lipid. When we compared mean species lipid and PCB values, we found a strong linear correlation. When we compared values among individuals, we found modest positive PCB:lipid associations in brown trout (Salmo trutta), chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha), coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch), and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) collected during spawning, but positive associations were not apparent among nonspawning individuals. Lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) exhibited no discernible PCB:lipid relationship. Our results are not incompatible with previous observations that contaminants are differentially partitioned into lipids within a fish, but these results do suggest that lipids are not a major factor influencing contaminant uptake.

Dynamics of salmonine diets and foraging in Lake Ontario, 1983-1993: a test of a bioenergetic model prediction

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 307-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter S Rand ◽  
Donald J Stewart
Keyword(s):  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Osmerus Mordax ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Bioenergetic Model ◽  
Rainbow Smelt ◽  
Predator Species ◽  
Mean Size ◽  
Diet Survey

We tested the hypotheses that (1) reductions in individual size and energy density of adult alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Ontario over the past decade have caused reductions in mean size of consumed alewife and compensatory increases in frequency of feeding by salmonines and (2) perceived recent reductions in the alewife and rainbow smelt (Osmerus mordax) prey base in recent years have resulted in shifts in diets of salmonines to less preferred prey items. Data from a diet survey conducted on sport-caught salmonines during 1983-1988 and 1993 indicated significant reductions in the mean size of consumed alewife across all predator species over time and an increased frequency of feeding among some predators (reflected by a decline in the proportion of empty stomachs observed). We found evidence of increased ration levels in coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and an increase in the number of adult alewife in stomachs of all predator species that was accurately predicted by an earlier bioenergetic model analysis. We found evidence of a shift in diet across years away from rainbow smelt and other fishes to adult alewife. Results point toward possible sources of bioenergetic stress on salmonines in Lake Ontario.

Predation and Production by Salmonine Fishes in Lake Michigan, 1978–88

1991 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 909-922 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Stewart ◽  
Myriam Ibarra
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Biomass Conversion ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Alosa Pseudoharengus ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Diet Shifts

A marked decline of alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) in Lake Michigan during 1981–83 led to diet shifts by coho (Oncorhynchus kisutch) and chinook salmon (O. tshawytscha) from feeding primarily on large alewife to eating proportionately more immature alewives and other prey. Diets of lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) did not change greatly during that period. Population biomass conversion efficiency averaged 24.5% for coho and 16.6% for lake trout. Chinook salmon suffered an apparent 20% decline in gross conversion efficiency of biomass (25.1 to 20.8%) and a 25% decline in average weight of sport-caught fish. We infer that chinook salmon growth was inhibited by insufficient forage available to them. A simulation of chinook salmon feeding on bloater (Coregonus hoyi) at 8 °C suggested that such behavior could lead to further declines in growth rates. Extension of modeling results to include approximations for brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (O. mykiss) revealed peaks in total annual salmonine predation of 71 000 t in 1983 and 76 000 t in 1987. The alewife was 70% of all prey eaten by salmonines in 1987–88. Lakewide gross production by salmonines was 15 300 t (or 0.27 g∙m−2) in 1987. Ratios of annual gross production to average monthly population biomass were 1.6 for chinook, 1.15 for coho, and only 0.6 for lake trout.

Endohelminths of salmonids from two localities in eastern Lake Michigan, with emphasis on Echinorhynchus salmonis

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1604-1607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick M. Muzzall
Keyword(s):  
Chinook Salmon ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Lake Michigan ◽  
Oncorhynchus Tshawytscha ◽  
Lake Trout ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Oncorhynchus Kisutch ◽  
Salvelinus Namaycush ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta

Adult salmonids (101 chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha; 7 coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch; 56 lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush; 6 steelhead, Salmo gairdneri; and 2 brown trout, Salmo trutta) were collected from eastern Lake Michigan (Ludington and Manistee, Michigan) in July–September 1986, and examined for helminths. Eight species (three Cestoda, three Nematoda, two Acanthocephala) were found in the digestive tract and other viscera. Echinorhynchus salmonis and Eubothrium salvelini were the most common helminths found. The intensity of E. salmonis significantly increased as chinook salmon became older and longer.

scholarly journals Occurrence of intersex in wild freshwater fish in Slovenian rivers: a histological evaluation

2016 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 216-222
Author(s):  
Milka Vrecl ◽  
Vlasta Jenčič
Keyword(s):  
Freshwater Fish ◽  
Salmo Trutta ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Thymallus Thymallus ◽  
Barbus Barbus ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Rivers And Streams ◽  
Brown Trout Salmo Trutta ◽  
Insight Into

Abstract The aim of this preliminary research was to establish if there are intersex occurrences in wild freshwater fish in Slovenian rivers and streams. In the first study we evaluated all fish species of both sexes obtained from the river Ljubljanica from its source to mouth. In the second study we focused on the rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and brown trout (Salmo trutta m. fario) males from 30 rivers and streams in different parts of Slovenia. The male gonads were histologically assessed for the presence of oocytes to determine the frequency and degree of intersex. Oocytes were found in the testicular tissue of a single grayling (Thymallus thymallus) and in the adipose tissue adjacent to the testis of a single common barbel (Barbus barbus), both from the Ljubljanica. Several cyst-like structures that resemble degenerated presumptive oocytes were also present in several trout testes. This preliminary report is the first of its kind in Slovenia. To gain a better insight into the intersex issue in Slovenia, we plan to regularly biomonitor freshwater pollution by histologically examining fish gonads and, if possible, by determining vitellogenin plasma levels in fish.

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