Identification of the Great Lakes Quagga Mussel as Dreissena bugensis from the Dnieper River, Ukraine, on the Basis of Allozyme Variation

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1485-1489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian P. Spidle ◽  
J. Ellen Marsden ◽  
Bernie May
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Quagga Mussel ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
The North ◽  
Deep Waters

The discovery of a second dreissenid species, the quagga mussel, in the Great Lakes in 1991 prompted a search for its identity. We have identified the North American quagga mussel as Dreissena bugensis Andrusov on the basis of allozyme data and morphological characters. Further, a phenotypically distinct form of the quagga mussel found in Lakes Erie and Ontario also matches the electrophoretic profiles of the typical Lake Ontario quagga and European D. bugensis. We confirm that the white "profunda" mussel found in the deep waters of Lake Erie is a phenotype of the quagga mussel, and we conclude that the quagga mussel is D. bugensis which has been introduced from the Black Sea drainage of Ukraine.

Absence of naturally occurring hybridization between the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) and the zebra mussel (D. polymorpha) in the lower Great Lakes

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 400-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian P. Spidle ◽  
Edward L. Mills ◽  
Bernie May
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Natural Hybridization ◽  
Quagga Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
Quagga Mussels ◽  
Naturally Occurring

The coexistence of two dreissenids, the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) and the zebra mussel (D. polymorpha), in a new environment raises the possibility of natural hybridization and possible introgression. Animals of both species were collected in areas where they occur sympatrically (25–39% were quagga mussels) and screened at two protein-coding loci believed to differentiate between the two species. The occurrence of alleles diagnostic for both species in an individual would demonstrate hybridization between the species. No hybrid individuals were observed in a survey of 750 animals from four sites in Lake Ontario and one site in Lake Erie. Successful hybridization between these two genetically disparate species seems unlikely in the Great Lakes.

A Nomenclatural Review of Dreissena (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae), with Identification of the Quagga Mussel as Dreissena bugensis

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (7) ◽  
pp. 1474-1484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary Rosenberg ◽  
Michael L. Ludyanskiy
Keyword(s):  
Original Description ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
Quagga Mussel ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Paleontological Institute ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Living Species

A review of systematic literature and examination of type material of Dreissena (Paleontological institute, Moscow) revealed that the quagga mussel corresponds to the original description and type specimens of Dreissena bugensis Andrusov, 1897. Russian classifications have treated D. bugensis as a full species or as a subspecies of D. rostriformis Deshayes, 1838. Dreissena rostriformis is the type species of the subgenus Pontodreissena. Dreissena rostriformis rostriformis is regarded as extinct, with two lineages derived from it still living: Dreissena bugensis, in the Dnieper and Bug rivers and the estuary where they enter the Black Sea, and D. rostriformis grimmi, in the southern Caspian Sea. These lineages differ in morphology, coloration, maximum adult size, and salinity tolerance and are therefore regarded as separate species. We adopt the name Dreissena (Pontodreissena) bugensis for the quagga mussel and designate and illustrate lectotypes for D. bugensis and other dreissenid taxa named by Andrusov. Including D. rostriformis and D. bugensis, seven living species of Dreissena are currently recognized. The nomenclatural histories of these species are summarized and the supraspecific classification of dreissenids is reviewed.

scholarly journals Quantitative morphological variation in Sagitta setosa Müller, 1847 (Chaetognatha) and two closely related taxa

2004 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja T.C.A. Peijnenburg ◽  
Annelies C. Pierrot-Bults
Keyword(s):  
Black Sea ◽  
North Sea ◽  
Morphological Variation ◽  
Geographical Area ◽  
Total Body Length ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Black Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
Few Data

This paper reviews the quantitative morphological variation published for Sagitta setosa Müller, 1847 and two other species described within the S. serosa-complex, viz., S. euxina Moltschanoff, 1909 from the Black Sea, and S. batava Biersteker & Van der Spoel, 1966 from the Scheldt Estuary (Netherlands). Data on total (body) length, caudal length, numbers of teeth and hooks, ovary length, and dimensions of fins are compared between these three taxa. Additionally, samples from the North Sea, Mediterranean, and Black Sea are compared to look for geographic differences. Specimens from the Mediterranean were smallest with relatively long caudal segments, and few teeth and hooks, whereas specimens from the Black Sea were largest with relatively short caudal segments and many teeth and hooks. Specimens from the North Sea were intermediate with regards to these characters, but ranges overlapped and there were no obvious differences in allometry. These differences may be ecophenotypic, as the warm and salty Mediterranean Sea and cool and brackish Black Sea are at opposite ends of the environmental spectrum. The dimensions related to the fins showed clearer distinction between samples from different geographical areas, and slight differences in allometry. However, few data were available and little is known about the variance within each geographical area. We found more variation in quantitative characters within S. setosa from different parts of its range than between S. setosa and either S. batava, or S. euxina. Sagitta batava conformed to S. setosa in terms of all the morphological characters considered. The data for S. setosa derived from Biersteker & Van der Spoel (1966) were atypical and were found to be based on misidentifications of S. elegans. Therefore, we concluded that S. batava cannot be considered a separate taxon. For S. euxina, the data were inconclusive. Quantitative data completely overlapped between S. setosa from the Black Sea and S. euxina, but few data of S. setosa from the Black Sea were available. Because samples were either composed entirely of S. setosa or S. euxina (depending on sampling season and depth)and there was a large variation in body lengths and relative ovary lengths, we consider it possible that these samples represent seasonal variants of one and the same species.

Allozyme variation in the Polygonum lapathifolium complex

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2261-2270 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurie L. Consaul ◽  
Suzanne I. Warwick ◽  
John McNeill
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Allozyme Data ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
The North ◽  
Polygonum Lapathifolium ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
European Populations

The Polygonum lapathifolium complex consists of populations that are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere and that have been classified at different taxonomic levels. Allozyme data were used to test the current North American taxonomic status of members of the complex (including P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium, P. lapathifolium var. salicifolium, and P. scabrum) and to verify diploidy in the P. lapathifolium complex and polyploid origins of the morphologically similar P. persicaria and P. pensylvanicum. Of the 15 enzyme systems surveyed in 50 populations of the complex, only 3 of the 23 loci (Acon, Lap, and Skdh) were polymorphic in the North American populations and a total of 6 loci in European populations. Fifteen multilocus genotypes were evident in the complex. Four genotypes (all with Lap-10.67 were exclusive to North American populations of P. lapathifolium, providing support for a North American element of the complex. Nine genotypes (all with Lap-10.63) were found in North American and European populations of P. scabrum, all European populations of the P. lapathifolium complex, and three populations of North American P. lapathifolium var. lapathifolium. Lap-10.67 was also found in the native tetraploid P. pensylvanicum, whereas Lap-10.63 was found in the introduced tetraploid P. persicaria. Genetic distances among populations did not support the current taxonomic divisions within the complex, nor did it support separate species status of P. scabrum. Allozyme data provided support for the allotetraploid origins of P. pensylvanicum and P. persicaria, with members of the P. lapathifolium complex as one of the parents of each. Key words: Polygonum lapathifolium, Polygonum scabrum, Polygonum pensylvanicum, Polygonum persicaria, allozymes.

scholarly journals Acoustic monitoring of migratory birds over western Lake Erie: avian responses to barriers and the importance of islands

2014 ◽  
Vol 128 (2) ◽  
pp. 135 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire E. Sanders ◽  
Daniel J. Mennill
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Migratory Birds ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Open Water ◽  
Acoustic Monitoring ◽  
Major Barrier ◽  
North Shore ◽  
The North ◽  
Western Lake

Understanding the flight patterns of migrating birds is critical for informing conservation actions and management decisions. We studied the geographic and temporal distribution of birds migrating through the southern Great Lakes using nocturnal acoustic monitoring data and banding records from sites on Pelee Island in Lake Erie and on the mainland along the north shore of Lake Erie. Given that Lake Erie may represent an ecological barrier to migratory birds, we predicted that mainland and island sites would show different patterns in both the number of passage migrants and the timing of their migration. Analysis of over 60,000 flight calls from 6200 h of recordings revealed significantly more migrants over the island than the mainland in both spring and fall 2012. The acoustic data provide evidence that none of the species or species groups examined avoided crossing the lake. Birds were detected significantly earlier on Pelee Island than on the north shore of Lake Erie in spring, although they were not detected earlier on the mainland in fall. These results suggest that Lake Erie is not a major barrier to migration. The large number of birds detected over the island suggest that birds may concentrate their flight over islands in the middle of the lake, although recordings of migrants over open water will be required to support this suggestion. Our results show that Pelee Island is an important part of the migratory route of North American birds and provide valuable information on the movement of nocturnal migrants over the Great Lakes.

A new molecular technique for identifying field collections of zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) veliger larvae applied to eastern Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and Lake Simcoe

1998 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Trevor Claxton ◽  
Elizabeth G Boulding
Keyword(s):  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Pcr Primers ◽  
Quagga Mussel ◽  
Molecular Technique ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
Lake Simcoe ◽  
Veliger Larvae

The veliger larvae of two introduced species of bivalves, the zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) and the quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis), are difficult or impossible to tell apart morphologically. We have developed specific dreissenid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers from dreissenid bivalve DNA sequences, which amplify a region of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I mitochondrial gene. Non-dreissenid mtDNA, as found in field-collected veliger samples, was not amplified by these new PCR primers. The DNA sequence of this region distinguishes zebra mussel from quagga mussel larvae. Restriction digests of this region using the enzyme ScrFI showed no intraspecies variation in restriction pattern. We used this technique to distinguish the species of veliger larvae collected in eastern Lake Erie, Lake Ontario, and Lake Simcoe. In our limited study, no quagga mussel larvae were found in Lake Simcoe, suggesting that this mussel species has not yet spread to the Kawartha Lake system. No zebra mussel larvae were found in either Lake Erie or Lake Ontario. These preliminary results add to the growing evidence that the quagga mussel is replacing the zebra mussel in parts of the lower Great Lakes.

Colonization, Ecology, and Population Structure of the "Quagga'' Mussel (Bivalvia: Dreissenidae) in the Lower Great Lakes

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (11) ◽  
pp. 2305-2314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward L. Mills ◽  
Ron M. Dermott ◽  
Edward F. Roseman ◽  
Donna Dustin ◽  
Eric Mellina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Great Lakes ◽  
Zebra Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
New York State ◽  
Lake Ontario ◽  
Quebec City ◽  
Quagga Mussel ◽  
Eastern Basin ◽  
St Lawrence River

An invasive dreissenid mussel given the working name of "quagga" has a present (spring 1993) distribution in the Laurentian Great Lakes from the western basin of Lake Erie to Quebec City. In Lake Erie, quaggas were collected as early as 1989 and now are most common in the eastern basin. In Lakes Erie and Ontario, proportions of quaggas increased with depth and decreasing water temperature. In the eastern basin of Lake Erie, quaggas outnumbered zebra mussel (Dreissena polymorpha) by 14 to 1 in deeper waters (>20 m). In Lake Ontario, quaggas were observed at depths as great as 130 m, and both quagga and zebra mussel were found to survive at depths (>50 m) where temperatures rarely exceed 5 °C. Quaggas were sparse or absent along inland waterways and lakes of New York State. Mean shell size of quagga mussel was larger than that of zebra mussel at sites in the Niagara River, Lake Ontario, and the St. Lawrence River. The largest quaggas (38 mm) were observed in the St. Lawrence River at Cape Vincent.

Multiple dispersal strategies of the invasive quagga mussel (Dreissena bugensis) as revealed by microsatellite analysis

1999 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 2248-2261 ◽  
Author(s):  
A B Wilson ◽  
K -A Naish ◽  
E G Boulding
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Great Lakes ◽  
Census Data ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Quagga Mussel ◽  
Dreissena Bugensis ◽  
High Dispersal ◽  
Colonization Success

The recent invasion of the Laurentian Great Lakes by Dreissena polymorpha and Dreissena bugensis presents a unique opportunity to study the role of high dispersal ability in the colonization success of invading species. While the dispersal of D. polymorpha has been characterized by several jump dispersal events, census data suggest a more gradual diffusion of D. bugensis from its point of introduction through the lower Great Lakes. In this study, we use six highly polymorphic microsatellite markers to investigate the present-day population genetic structure of D. bugensis in North America in an effort to clarify the role of multiple dispersal strategies in its colonization success. In contrast with survey data, which would suggest a gradual spread ultimately resulting in a pattern fitting a model of isolation-by-distance, the significant allelic and FST differences observed between 18 of 28 population pairs do not correlate with any simple geographic relationship. Deviations from isolation-by-distance are due, in part, to a higher gene flow between disjunct populations than that expected under a normally distributed pattern of dispersal. These results, in combination with recent reports of the quagga mussel outside its established North American range, suggest that boater-mediated jump dispersal of D. bugensis may be contributing to its colonization and spread in North America.

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