Chromosomal structure of homozygous common wheat lines obtained from wheat × Agropyron × Aegilops speltoides derivatives. I. A screening of the reciprocal translocations

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Ortiz ◽  
Agueda Gonzalez ◽  
Maria-Cristina Chueca ◽  
Yvonne Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Reciprocal Translocations ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
The Common ◽  
Primitive Structure ◽  
Wheat Lines

Fifty-seven homozygous hexaploid lines belonging to five different families obtained by selection in the progenies of the cross between a wheat × Agropyron intermedium substitution line and an Aegilops speltoides promotor of homoeologous pairing were screened for reciprocal translocations. This study was carried out in relation to four Triticum aestivum cultivars: 'Vilmorin 27', Tormes', and 'Ducat' (which were used in the production of these lines), and 'Chinese Spring' that has the primitive structure of the common wheats. None of the lines retained the 5B/7B translocation of 'Vilmorin 27'. For some lines, the translocation of 'Tormes' and 'Ducat' seems to have been maintained. Ten of them show the primitive structure of 'Chinese Spring' even though none of the wheat parents had it. The others carry some original translocations as a result of the effect of Aegilops speltoides on meiotic pairing.Key words: homoeologous pairing, interspecific hybridization, gene transfer, chromosomal rearrangements, Triticum.

Chromosomal structure of homozygous common wheat lines obtained from (wheat × Agropyron) × Aegilops speltoides derivatives. II. A screening of paracentric inversions

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-912 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. T. Ortiz ◽  
Agueda Gonzalez ◽  
Maria Cristina Chueca ◽  
Yvonne Cauderon
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Chromosomal Structure ◽  
Chromosome Configuration ◽  
Interspecific Gene Transfer ◽  
Primitive Structure ◽  
Wheat Lines ◽  
Cultivar Differentiation ◽  
Paracentric Inversions

The presence of inversions is important in the evolution and cultivar differentiation of wheats, Even though we can't have conclusive cytological proof of the presence of inversions in wheat, we can use the indirect way of screening paracentric inversions through chromosome configuration at anaphase I and II. This work presents the comparison of 'Chinese Spring' structure (with respect to the presence of inverted segments) to (i) 52 homozygous wheat lines obtained in the progenies of the cross between a wheat × Agropyron intermedium substitution line and Aegilops speltoides homoeologous pairing promotor and (ii) three wheat cultivars ('Vilmorin 27', 'Ducat', and 'Tormes') that were used in developing the above mentioned lines. The three cultivars present inverted segments relative to 'Chinese Spring' structure. Some of these inverted segments are possibly maintained in some of the lines studied. Four of them show the primitive structure of 'Chinese Spring' even though none of the wheat parents had it. Finally, other lines show new structure that could have been due to the Aegilops speltoides effect, but the method used did not allow us to reach a definite conclusion on this point. It is interesting to emphasize that the use of this homoeologous pairing promotor led to a chromosomal structure that was not so different from that existing in wheats.Key words: pairing (homoeologous), hybridization (interspecific), gene transfer, Triticum, Agropyron, Aegilops.

GENOTYPIC INTERACTION FOR CHIASMA FORMATION AT LOW TEMPERATURE IN THE HYBRID BETWEEN TRITICUM AESTIVUM 'CHINESE SPRING' AND AEGILOPS SPELTOIDES DEFICIENT FOR CHROMOSOME 5D

1977 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Attia ◽  
T. Lelley ◽  
G. Röbbelen
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Formation ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Chromosome 5B ◽  
Analogous System ◽  
Two Systems

In F1 plants from crosses between Triticum aestivum var. 'Chinese Spring' monosomic 5D and Aegilops speltoides Tausch. var. aucheri (Boiss) it was found that at a temperature of 12 °C the presence of chromosome 5D is necessary to maintain the level of homoeologous pairing and chiasma formation observed under greenhouse conditions. Some genotypes of Ae. speltoides, however, were more efficient than others in compensating for the absence of chromosome 5D. The differences in compensating ability indicate the existence of several alleles in Ae. speltoides that counteract the low-temperature pairing system on chromosome 5D. An analogous system of alleles previously reported in Ae. speltoides that suppresses the chromosome 5B diploidising system of wheat was substantiated by the present study. The results indicate, however, that the two systems are independent.

scholarly journals Homoeologous pairing of a chromosome from Agropyron elongatum with those of Triticum aestivum and Aegilops speltoides

1967 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roy Johnson ◽  
Gordon Kimber
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Telocentric Chromosome ◽  
Telocentric Chromosomes ◽  
Group 6 ◽  
Genetic Compensation ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

1. Complex hybrids were produced having twenty-nine chromosomes, consisting of one telocentric and twenty complete chromosomes of T. aestivum (2n = 6x = 42), seven complete chromosomes of Ae. speltoides (2n = 2x = 14) and one telocentric chromosome derived from A. elongatum (2n = 10x = 70). The presence of the Ae. speltoides genome permitted pairing between homoeologous chromosomes at meiosis and the behaviour of the two telocentric chromosomes was observed.2. The A. elongatum chromosome was seen to pair with chromosomes homoeologous to those of group 6. There was no evidence that it paired with chromosomes of any other group.3. When the A. elongatum telocentric and those of 6A and 6D occurred in the same configuration it was evident that the telocentrics 6A and 6D were for corresponding chromosome arms, and the A. elongatum telocentric for the opposite arm.4. The average rate of pairing was much lower for the A. elongatum telocentric than for wheat telocentrics. Previous studies had indicated very good genetic compensation of the A. elongatum chromosome for chromosomes 6A and 6D. It was therefore indicated that genetic equivalence and pairing affinity were not closely related in this case. Some implications of this are discussed.

The inheritance of genetic variation in rye (Secale cereale) affecting homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids with bread wheat (Triticum aestivum)

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 844-851 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Gupta ◽  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Continuous Distribution ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
Aegilops Speltoides ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing

Chiasmata frequencies ranging from 0.07 to 10.40 per cell were recorded in 125 hybrid plants derived from wheat × F1 rye crosses. These included 89 plants belonging to 28 families from the Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' × Secale cereale F1 ('Petkus' × 'Prolific') cross and 36 plants belonging to 11 families from the 'Chinese Spring' × F1 ('Prolific' × 'Puma') cross. The data were analyzed to study the inheritance of genetic variation in rye affecting homoeologous chromosome pairing. The results were particularly interesting in the former case where segregation for major genes was evident. First, in this cross, a bimodal distribution was observed and second, chiasmata frequencies ranging from 6.11 to 10.40 per cell were observed in three families but without any hybrid falling in either the range of 3.0 to 6.0 or in the range of 6.11 to 9.82, showing discontinuous distribution. It was concluded that the genetic system in 'Petkus' differs from that in 'Prolific', and that genes both with major effects and minor effects may be present, the major effects possibly resulting from complementary gene action. In the second cross involving F1 rye plants derived from 'Prolific' × 'Puma', a smaller sample gave a continuous distribution with a single mode, the chiasmata frequency never exceeding 2.70 per cell. This could be due to a difference in genetic systems found in 'Puma' and 'Petkus' since 'Prolific' was a common parent in both crosses. The genetic variation in rye observed in the present study has been compared with that known in Aegilops speltoides and it was concluded that these may be of a similar nature.Key words: Triticum, Secale, pairing regulation, homoeologous pairing.

Promotion of homoeologous chromosome pairing in hybrids of Triticum aestivum × Aegilops variabilis

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 825-828 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Farooq ◽  
N. Iqbal ◽  
T. M. Shah
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Chiasma Frequency ◽  
Intergeneric Hybrids ◽  
Mutant Form ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Aegilops Variabilis

Intergeneric hybrids of Triticum aestivum variety Lu-26 and ph1b mutant of the cultivar Chinese Spring were produced with three accessions, A, B, and E, of Aegilops variabilis. Significant differences were found in the amount of homoeologous chromosome pairing at meiotic metaphase I. Hybrids between wheat variety Lu-26 and accessions A and B of Ae. variabilis showed very little pairing, as indicated by the chiasma frequency of 1.0 and 1.5 per cell, respectively. Hybrids between Lu-26 and accession E, on the other hand, showed significantly increased homoeologous pairing (mean chiasma frequency, 12.6/cell). The level of such pairing was essentially the same as that between the hybrids of ph1b 'Chinese Spring' × Ae. variabilis accessions A and B. However, when the ph1b mutant was hyridized with accession E, the level of chromosome pairing increased significantly (mean chiasma frequency, 17.52/cell). This is indicative of the presence of pairing promoter gene(s) in Ae. variabilis accession E, which are epistatic to the wheat Ph1 allele and positively interact with its mutant form to further increase the ph1b ceiling to homoeologous pairing in wheat.Key words: Triticum aestivum, ph1b mutant, Aegilops variabilis, intergeneric hybrids, homoeologous pairing.

EFFECT OF THE REMOVAL OF GENES PROMOTING HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOME PAIRING ON CHROMOSOME PAIRING IN TRITICUM AESTIVUM × TRITICUM URARTU AMPHIPLOIDS

1978 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 539-544 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Triticum Urartu ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chromosome Arm ◽  
Specific Strain

Chromosome pairing in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring × T. urartu hybrids lacking chromosome arm 5AS or 5BS was shown to be lower than in similar hybrids involving euploid Chinese Spring. Amphiploids were produced from crosses of Chinese Spring, ditelosomic 5AL, and ditelosomic 5BL with a specific strain of T. urartu. The absence of asynapsis in the amphiploids lacking chromosome arm 5AS or 5BS provides evidence that the poor chromosome pairing observed in the corresponding F1 hybrids was due to suppression of homoeologous pairing and not to general asynapsis. This conclusion is supported by the finding that heterogenetic chromosome pairing, as evidenced by the frequency of multivalents, was lower in the ditelo 5BL × T. urartu amphiploids than in the amphiploids from the cross Chinese Spring × T. urartu.

Identification of a gene for resistance to wheatgrass powdery mildew fungus in the common wheat cultivar Chinese Spring

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 612-614 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Tosa ◽  
H. Tokunaga ◽  
H. Ogura
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Common Wheat ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Erysiphe Graminis ◽  
Common Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Powdery Mildew Fungus ◽  
Hybrid Culture ◽  
The Common

A gene for resistance to Erysiphe graminis was detected in Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring, strain Salmon, T. compactum cv. No. 44, and T. spelta var. duhamelianum, using a hybrid culture derived from E. graminis f. sp. agropyri × E. graminis f. sp. tritici. The gene was located on the short arm of chromosome 6B and designated Pm11. Pm11 was considered to be involved in the resistance of wheat to the wheatgrass powdery mildew fungus.Key words: wheat, resistance, powdery mildew, Erysiphe graminis.

PRODUCTION, MORPHOLOGY AND MEIOSIS OF RECIPROCAL BARLEY-WHEAT HYBRIDS

1980 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 117-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Fedak
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Reciprocal Cross ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Barley Genome ◽  
Cytological Abnormalities ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

The intercrossing of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Chinese Spring) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L. cv. Betzes) yielded hybrids at a frequency of 0.80% of pollinated florets for the barley-wheat combinations and 0.23% for the reciprocal cross. An increase in homoeologous pairing of wheat chromosomes was observed in both hybrids compared with the pairing observed in wheat haploids indicating that the barley genome had pairing promoting properties. Cytological abnormalities such as hyperploid meiotic cells and isochromosomes were attributed to abnormalities at premeiotic mitosis.

Different genetic systems in rye affecting homoeologous pairing in wheat – rye combinations

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 793-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. C. Cuadrado ◽  
C. Romero
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Genetic System ◽  
The Other ◽  
Meiotic Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Major Genes ◽  
Genetic Systems ◽  
Polygenic System

The present study analyzed meiotic pairing in wheat – rye hybrids obtained by crossing of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring with allogamous ryes, two cultivars of Secale cereale ('Don Enrique' and 'Selectión') and Secale cereale ssp. segetale. The results indicate that each rye type has different behaviour on hybrid meiotic pairing because they contain distinct genetic systems affecting meiotic pairing. In the case of 'Don Enrique' and 'Selección,' a polygenic system could be present, but not identical in both cultivars. On the other hand, Secale cereale ssp. segetale contained genes that strongly affect the genetic system controlling homoeologous pairing in wheat.Key words: homoeologous pairing, wheat – rye hybrids, polygenic system, major genes.

A bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) × cultivated barley (Hordeum vulgare) hybrid with homoeologous chromosome pairing

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (5) ◽  
pp. 777-782 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Sethi ◽  
R. A. Finch ◽  
T. E. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer ◽  
Homoeologous Pairing ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
Partial Dominance ◽  
Nucleolus Organizer Regions ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing

Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' mutant ph1b lacking the major wheat homoeologous pairing prevention gene was pollinated with Hordeum vulgare line 'Tuleen 346,' a triple interchange homozygote with all chromosomes distinct from one another. Two wheat-like hybrids, one with 28 and one with 31 chromosomes, were produced. Homoeologous chromosome pairing occurred in the hybrids, but no evidence of interspecific chromosome pairing was observed. Both hybrids were sterile, but pollination of the 28-chromosome hybrid with 'Chinese Spring' pollen gave a few seeds. Within the F1 hybrids, chromosome numbers varied slightly, especially among pollen mother cells, and barley showed partial dominance of nucleolus organizer regions in somatic cells. The 31-chromosome hybrid was awned possibly indicating extra dosage of a homoeologous group-2 chromosome.Key words: wheat, barley, hybrid, homoeologous pairing.

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