GAMETOCIDAL CHROMOSOMES OF THREE AEGILOPS SPECIES IN COMMON WHEAT

Single chromosomes from Aegilops triuncialis L. (2n = 28, CCCuCu), Ae. sharonensis Eig (2n = 14, S1S1), and Ae. longissima S. &M. (2n = 14, S1S1) were added respectively to common wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Selkirk' (2n = 42, AABBDD) in monosomic condition and confirmed to have a gametocidal action on common wheat gametes lacking the Agilops chromosome. Three double monosomic addition lines, which had two of the three Aegilops chromosomes, were produced from the monosomic addition lines, and relationships among the three Aegilops chromosomes were studied. The Aegilops chromosomes did not pair with one another in the double monosomic addition lines. In the progeny of the double monosomic addition lines with the triuncialis and sharonensis chromosomes or with the triuncialis and longissima chromosomes, both Aegilops chromosomes were almost always transmitted through male and female gametes. In the progeny of the double monosomic addition line with the sharonensis and longissima chromosomes, only the longissima chromosome was preferentially transmitted through male and female gametes. Thus, the three Aegilops chromosomes were proved to be different from one another in the gametocidal action in common wheat.

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Abnormal mitosis induced by wheat–rye 1R monosomic addition lines

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2013-0115 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 21-28 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Shu-Lan Fu ◽

Man-Yu Yang ◽

Zheng-Long Ren ◽

Ben-Ju Yan ◽

Zong-Xiang Tang

Keyword(s):

Repetitive Sequences ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Translocation Chromosome ◽

Addition Line ◽

Addition Lines ◽

Mitotic Chromosomes ◽

Abnormal Mitosis ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Monosomic Addition ◽

Monosomic Addition Lines

Octoploid triticale were derived from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’) × rye (Secale cereale L. ‘Kustro’), and some progeny were obtained by the backcrossing of triticale with ‘Mianyang11’ followed by self-fertilization. In situ hybridization using rye genomic DNA and repetitive sequences pAs1 and pSc119.2 as probes was used to analyze the mitotic chromosomes of these progeny. Three wheat–rye 1R monosomic addition lines and a wheat line (12FT-1685) containing a 1R and a 1BL.1RS translocation chromosome were identified. Abnormal mitosis was observed in the two lines. During mitosis of a 1R monosomic addition line (3-8-20-1R-2), lagging chromosomes, micronuclei, chromosomal bridges, and the one pole segregation of 1R chromosome were observed. Abnormal mitotic behaviour of chromosomes was also observed in some of the self-progeny plants of lines 12FT-1685 and 3-8-20-1R-2. These progeny contained 1R chromosome or 1R chromosome arm. In addition, 4B chromosomes were absent from one of the progeny of 3-8-20-1R-2. This abnormal mitotic behaviour of chromosomes was not observed in two other 1R monosomic addition lines. These results indicate that a single 1R chromosome added to wheat might cause abnormal mitotic behaviour of both wheat and rye chromosomes and different genetic variations might occurr among the sibling 1R monosomic addition lines.

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Development of new PCR-based markers specific for chromosome arms of rye (Secale cereale L.)

Genome ◽

10.1139/gen-2015-0154 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 59 (3) ◽

pp. 159-165 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Ling Qiu ◽

Zong-xiang Tang ◽

Meng Li ◽

Shu-lan Fu

Keyword(s):

Secale Cereale ◽

Triticum Aestivum L ◽

Wheat Breeding ◽

Addition Lines ◽

Breeding Programs ◽

Effective Utilization ◽

Secale Cereale L ◽

Monosomic Addition ◽

Monosomic Addition Lines ◽

Disomic Addition Lines

PCR-based rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome-specific markers can contribute to the effective utilization of elite genes of rye in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. In the present study, 578 new PCR-based rye-specific markers have been developed by using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technology, and 76 markers displayed different polymorphism among rye Kustro, Imperial, and King II. A total of 427 and 387 markers were, respectively, located on individual chromosomes and chromosome arms of Kustro by using a set of wheat–rye monosomic addition lines and 13 monotelosomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’ × S. cereale L. ‘Kustro’. In addition, two sets of wheat–rye disomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. var. Chinese Spring × S. cereale L. var. Imperial and T. aestivum L. ‘Holdfast’ × S. cereale L. var. King II, were used to test the chromosomal specificity of the 427 markers. The chromosomal locations of 281 markers were consistent among the three sets of wheat–rye addition lines. The markers developed in this study can be used to identify a given segment of rye chromosomes in wheat background and accelerate the utilization of elite genes on rye chromosomes in wheat breeding programs.

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Detection of various U and M chromosomes in wheat-Aegilops biuncialis hybrids and derivatives using fluorescence in situ hybridisation and molecular markers

Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding ◽

10.17221/45/2012-cjgpb ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 48 (No. 4) ◽

pp. 169-177 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

A. Schneider ◽

M. Molnár-Láng

Keyword(s):

Ssr Markers ◽

Chromosome Pair ◽

In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Low Fertility ◽

Addition Line ◽

Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽

Addition Lines ◽

Disomic Addition Line ◽

Monosomic Addition ◽

Monosomic Addition Line

The aim of the study was to select wheat-Aegilops biuncialis addition lines carrying Aegilops biuncialis chromosomes differing from those which were introgressed into the wheat-Ae. biuncialis addition lines produced earlier in Martonvásár, Hungary. In the course of the experiments new wheat-Ae. biuncialis addition lines carrying chromosomes 2Ub, 6Mb, 6Ub; 5Ub, 3Ub, 7Ub; 5Mb, 6Mb and 7Mb were selected. The 2Ub disomic addition line is relatively stable, as 91% of the progenies contain this chromosome pair. The 6Mb disomic addition line proved to be dwarf and sterile, but it still exists as a monosomic addition line. Progenies analysed from the 6Ub monosomic addition line did not carry the 6Ub chromosome. One plant containing the 5Ub, 3Ub and 7Ub chromosomes and one plant carrying 5Mb, 6Mb and 7Mb chromosomes showed very low fertility. Each of the plants produced a single seed, but seeds of the parent plants are still available. Line No. 49/00 carried a submetacentric Ae. biuncialis chromosome pair and the chromosome number 44 has been constant for several generations. After FISH no hybridisation site was observed on the Ae. biuncialis chromosome pair using the pSc119.2 and Afa family repetitive DNA probes, so it was not possible to identify the Ae. biuncialis chromosome pair. However, the use of wheat SSR markers and the (GAA)n microsatellite DNA probe allowed it to be characterised more accurately. These new lines facilitate gene transfer from Ae. biuncialis into cultivated wheat and the selection of U and M genome-specific wheat SSR markers.

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DISOMIC AND DITELOSOMIC ADDITIONS OF DIPLOID AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOMES TO TRITICUM AESTIVUM

Canadian Journal of Genetics and Cytology ◽

10.1139/g74-043 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 399-417 ◽

Cited By ~ 96

Author(s):

J. Dvorak ◽

D. R. Knott

Keyword(s):

Triticum Aestivum ◽

Chinese Spring ◽

Gene Dosage ◽

Plant Morphology ◽

Addition Line ◽

Addition Lines ◽

Agropyron Elongatum ◽

Monosomic Addition ◽

Monosomic Addition Lines ◽

Disomic Addition Lines

A set of disomic addition lines was produced in which each chromosome of Agropyron elongatum (2n = 14) was added to the chromosome complement of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. In addition a complete set of ditelosomic addition lines involving Agropyron chromosome arms IS, IIα, IIIα, IVS, IVL, VS, VL, VIS and VIIα, was developed. Except for disomic addition line VII which is similar to Chinese Spring, each added alien chromosome pair was found to have a specific effect on plant morphology. Five disomic addition lines had reduced fertility. Agropyron chromosome arms carrying genes for anthocyanin production, waxless foliage, tenacious glumes, and several other traits were identified. The single Agropyron chromosomes in the monosomic addition lines usually have either minor effects or no effect on plant morphology and fertility.The disomic addition lines are similar in many characters to tetrasomics of the corresponding homoeologous wheat chromosomes and show characters that are not present in either Ag. elongatum or the amphiploid, T. aestivum × Ag. elongatum. Thus many of the effects are due to gene dosage. If individual disomic addition lines are compared with the amphiploid a significant role of interchromosomal gene interactions is apparent.In combination with knowledge of the homoeologous relationships among wheat and alien chromosomes, sets of disomic addition lines can provide valuable information on the evolutionary past of genomes in Triticinae. In monosomic addition lines only Agropyron chromosome IV paired with a wheat chromosome and it is concluded that it is improbable that Agropyron genomes played any role in the evolution of the polyploid series of Aegilops and Triticum.

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Cytology, RAPD, and seed colour of progeny plants from Brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids and development of monosomic addition lines

Genome ◽

10.1139/g01-095 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 44 (6) ◽

pp. 1007-1021 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

W K Heneen ◽

R B Jørgensen

Keyword(s):

Brassica Rapa ◽

Rapd Markers ◽

Genetic Recombination ◽

Chromatin Condensation ◽

Chromosome 1 ◽

Addition Line ◽

Addition Lines ◽

Seed Colour ◽

Monosomic Addition ◽

Monosomic Addition Lines

Progeny plants from Brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids were characterized genetically by scoring random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and seed colour and cytologically as to chromosome number and pairing. Sets of RAPD markers specific for each of the encountered eight alien Brassica alboglabra chromosomes were defined. The finding of subsets of markers associated with the presence or absence of alien chromosomes inferred the frequent occurrence of intergenomic genetic recombination and introgression. The chromosome numbers were in the range 2n = 2028, with a maximum of seven alien B. alboglabra chromosomes and one trisomic B. rapa chromosome. Five types of monosomic addition lines were obtained, two of which have not been developed before. Differences in chromatin condensation patterns made it possible to differentiate between the B. rapa and B. alboglabra chromosomes at diakinesis, and to detect intergenomic homoeological pairing. In addition to the frequent formation of trivalents by homoeologous pairing of an alien B. alboglabra chromosome and a background B. rapa pair, occasional heteromorphic intergenomic bivalents and B. rapa univalents were encountered. Homoeological intergenomic pairing occurred between chromosomes with similar centromeric and karyotypic positions. Plants with structurally changed alien chromosomes were found. The RAPD and cytological data substantiated each other. Observations of the colour of sown and harvested seeds indicated that B. alboglabra chromosome 4 carries a gene for brown seed colour. It exerts its control embryonically, and thus it differs from chromosome 1 which controls seed colour maternally.Key words: Brassica rapa-alboglabra, monosomic addition line, chromosome homoeology, RAPD markers, seed colour.

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