DISOMIC AND DITELOSOMIC ADDITIONS OF DIPLOID AGROPYRON ELONGATUM CHROMOSOMES TO TRITICUM AESTIVUM

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 399-417 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvorak ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Gene Dosage ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

A set of disomic addition lines was produced in which each chromosome of Agropyron elongatum (2n = 14) was added to the chromosome complement of Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring. In addition a complete set of ditelosomic addition lines involving Agropyron chromosome arms IS, IIα, IIIα, IVS, IVL, VS, VL, VIS and VIIα, was developed. Except for disomic addition line VII which is similar to Chinese Spring, each added alien chromosome pair was found to have a specific effect on plant morphology. Five disomic addition lines had reduced fertility. Agropyron chromosome arms carrying genes for anthocyanin production, waxless foliage, tenacious glumes, and several other traits were identified. The single Agropyron chromosomes in the monosomic addition lines usually have either minor effects or no effect on plant morphology and fertility.The disomic addition lines are similar in many characters to tetrasomics of the corresponding homoeologous wheat chromosomes and show characters that are not present in either Ag. elongatum or the amphiploid, T. aestivum × Ag. elongatum. Thus many of the effects are due to gene dosage. If individual disomic addition lines are compared with the amphiploid a significant role of interchromosomal gene interactions is apparent.In combination with knowledge of the homoeologous relationships among wheat and alien chromosomes, sets of disomic addition lines can provide valuable information on the evolutionary past of genomes in Triticinae. In monosomic addition lines only Agropyron chromosome IV paired with a wheat chromosome and it is concluded that it is improbable that Agropyron genomes played any role in the evolution of the polyploid series of Aegilops and Triticum.

Isolation of Ht genome chromosome additions from polyploid Elymus trachycaulus (StStHtHt) into common wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Genome ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kay L. D. Morris ◽  
W. John Raupp ◽  
Bikram S. Gill
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Fertility Restoration ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Genome Chromosome ◽  
Elymus Trachycaulus ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Nucleocytoplasmic Interactions

A combination of cytological and biochemical methods were used to isolate and identify six Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' – Elymus trachycaulus (= Agropyron trachycaulum, 2n = 28, genomes StStHtHt) Ht genome disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines. Protein and morphological markers indicated that Elymus chromosomes 1Ht, 1Htp, 5Ht, 6Ht, 7Ht, and 7Htp have been added to the wheat genome. Two alloplasmic addition lines, 1Ht and 1Htp, were determined to have favorable nucleocytoplasmic interactions by the presence of vegetative vigor and fertility restoration. The gene(s) for vigor and fertility restoration were located on the short arm of 1Ht. The Elymus chromosomes of each line were found to affect plant morphology and fertility, with the exception of disomic addition 6Ht, which appeared similar to 'Chinese Spring'. Phenotypic differences between each line may be attributed to the expression of genes from specific Elymus chromosomes, the cumulative dosage of homoeoalleles, or nucleocytoplasmic interactions. These morphological traits, in combination with biochemical markers, provide evidence of the gene synteny relationships between the Elymus and Triticum species. Knowledge of the homoeologous relationships among wheat and Elymus chromosomes may be useful for the eventual transfer of disease-resistance genes from Elymus to wheat.Key words: Elymus, wheat, addition line, polyploidy.

scholarly journals Development of new PCR-based markers specific for chromosome arms of rye (Secale cereale L.)

Genome ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Qiu ◽  
Zong-xiang Tang ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Shu-lan Fu
Keyword(s):  
Secale Cereale ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Effective Utilization ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

PCR-based rye (Secale cereale L.) chromosome-specific markers can contribute to the effective utilization of elite genes of rye in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) breeding programs. In the present study, 578 new PCR-based rye-specific markers have been developed by using specific length amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) technology, and 76 markers displayed different polymorphism among rye Kustro, Imperial, and King II. A total of 427 and 387 markers were, respectively, located on individual chromosomes and chromosome arms of Kustro by using a set of wheat–rye monosomic addition lines and 13 monotelosomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’ × S. cereale L. ‘Kustro’. In addition, two sets of wheat–rye disomic addition lines, which were derived from T. aestivum L. var. Chinese Spring × S. cereale L. var. Imperial and T. aestivum L. ‘Holdfast’ × S. cereale L. var. King II, were used to test the chromosomal specificity of the 427 markers. The chromosomal locations of 281 markers were consistent among the three sets of wheat–rye addition lines. The markers developed in this study can be used to identify a given segment of rye chromosomes in wheat background and accelerate the utilization of elite genes on rye chromosomes in wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals Chromosomal locations of eleven Elytrigia elongata (= Agropyron elongatum) isozyme structural genes

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gary E. Hart ◽  
Neal A. Tuleen
Keyword(s):  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Common Ancestor ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Structural Genes ◽  
Agropyron Elongatum ◽  
Chromosome Addition ◽  
Chromosome Addition Lines ◽  
Study Support ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Valuable Role

SUMMARYThe zymogram phenotypes of 11 enzymes were determined for 22 Triticum aestivum cv. Chinese Spring-Elytrigia elongata disomic and ditelosomic chromosome addition lines. Eleven isozyme structural genes were located in specific arms of six E. elongata chromosomes, as follows: Gpi-E1 in 1ES, Est-E1 in 3ES, Got-E3 in 3EL, Adh-E1 and Lpx-E1 in 4ES, Adh-E2 and Lpx-E2 in 5EL, Amp-E1 in 6Eα, Adh-E3 and Got-E2 in 6Eβ, and Ep-E1 in 7EL. The E. elongata chromosomes present in five disomic addition lines have previously been designated 1E, 2E, 4E, 6E, and 7E to indicate their homoeology with Chinese Spring chromosomes. The results of this study support these designations. The development of disomic putative 3E and 5E addition lines is reported. The added chromosomes designated IV, V, and VI that are present in three of the seven original disomic T. aestivum-E. elongata addition lines are translocated. Evidence that VL and VIL are opposite arms of 2E and that IV is partially homoeologous to 3E has been published. The results reported in this paper indicate that IVS = 3ES, IVL = 7EL, VS = 3ES, and VIS = 5ES and are consistent with VL and VIL being opposite arms of 2E. The synteny relationships of the 11 E. elongata isozyme genes identified in this study are fully consistent with those of homoeologous T. aestivum cv. Chinese Spring genes and thus provide evidence that the gene synteny groups which these two species inherited from their common ancestor are conserved. This study further documents the valuable role that studies of isozyme genes can play in the isolation, characterization, and maintenance of alien chromosomes, telosomes, and chromosomal segments in wheat strains.

GAMETOCIDAL CHROMOSOMES OF THREE AEGILOPS SPECIES IN COMMON WHEAT

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Ryu Endo
Keyword(s):  
Common Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Aegilops Triuncialis ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Line ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines ◽  
Gametocidal Chromosomes

Single chromosomes from Aegilops triuncialis L. (2n = 28, CCCuCu), Ae. sharonensis Eig (2n = 14, S1S1), and Ae. longissima S. &M. (2n = 14, S1S1) were added respectively to common wheat Triticum aestivum L. cv. 'Selkirk' (2n = 42, AABBDD) in monosomic condition and confirmed to have a gametocidal action on common wheat gametes lacking the Agilops chromosome. Three double monosomic addition lines, which had two of the three Aegilops chromosomes, were produced from the monosomic addition lines, and relationships among the three Aegilops chromosomes were studied. The Aegilops chromosomes did not pair with one another in the double monosomic addition lines. In the progeny of the double monosomic addition lines with the triuncialis and sharonensis chromosomes or with the triuncialis and longissima chromosomes, both Aegilops chromosomes were almost always transmitted through male and female gametes. In the progeny of the double monosomic addition line with the sharonensis and longissima chromosomes, only the longissima chromosome was preferentially transmitted through male and female gametes. Thus, the three Aegilops chromosomes were proved to be different from one another in the gametocidal action in common wheat.

Salt tolerance of two wheat – Agropyron junceum disomic addition lines

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-564 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. P. Forster ◽  
T. E. Miller ◽  
C. N. Law
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Similar Response ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Disomic Addition Line ◽  
Wheat Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

Two wheat – Agropyron junceum disomic addition lines homoeologous to groups 2 and 5 were tested for tolerance to salt. The experiments included germination and growth to maturity at various concentrations of sodium chloride (NaCl). The results were compared with those of wheat lines tetrasomic for chromosomes 2A, 2B, 2D, 5A, 5B, and 5D and also with the wheat parent 'Chinese Spring', and the salt-tolerant 'Chinese Spring' – A. junceum amphiploid. The addition of homoeologous group 2 chromosomes reduced the tolerance to salt relative to 'Chinese Spring' in every case. The order of tolerance was ranked as 'Chinese Spring' > 2J disomic addition line > tetra 2A = tetra 2D > tetra 2B. The addition of wheat group 5 chromosomes was either equal to 'Chinese Spring' or worse with respect to tolerance to salt. However, the disomic addition line for 5J showed considerable tolerance to salt and at 200 mol m−3 NaCl produced a similar response to that of the amphiploid in producing fertile tillers. Both produced viable grain, but the grain produced by the 5J addition line at 200 mol−3 NaCl was small and shrivelled, unlike the plump grain produced by the amphiploid. The order of tolerance was ranked as amphiploid > 5J addition line > 'Chinese Spring' = tetra 5A > tetra 5B = tetra 5D. It is concluded that there are genes on the group 2 chromosomes that confer susceptibility to salt and that chromosome 5J of A. junceum carries a major gene(s) for tolerance to salt. The potential for transferring this character into wheat is discussed. A hypothesis is also proposed to explain the function of the salt-tolerance gene(s) at critical stages in the life cycle of wheat.Key words: salt tolerance, wheat, Agropyron junceum, disomic addition lines.

EFFECTS OF ADDITIONS AND SUBSTITUTIONS OFAGROPYRON ELONGATUMCHROMOSOMES ON QUANTITATIVE CHARACTERS IN WHEAT

1974 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 627-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Dvořák ◽  
F. W. Sosulski
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Seed Protein ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Seed Protein Content ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Quantitative Characters ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines ◽  
Chromosome Ii

Alien disomic and ditelosomic addition lines and disomic substitution lines involving the recipient wheat cultivar Chinese Spring and each of the seven chromosomes of diploid Agropyron elongatum were used to study the distribution of genes affecting date of heading, maturity, tillering, plant height and weight, seed protein content and components of seed yield in the Agropyron genome. Four Agropyron chromosomes, III, IV, V, and VI, affected days to heading and maturity but only chromosome VI conditioned early heading date. Complementary genes on opposite arms of the alien chromosome were responsible for late maturity in disomic addition line V. Tillering was affected by chromosome II which reduced the number of tillers per plant and by chromosome IV which increased the number. Plant height was increased by chromosome II and decreased in the presence of chromosomes III, IV, V and VI. Seed weight was increased in disomic addition lines II, III and VI while it was decreased in dosomic addition line V. Seed shrivelling, which was apparent in the amphiploid, Ag. elongatum × Chinese Spring, is controlled by Agropyron chromosome II. The number of seeds per spike was affected by six and seed yield by seven Agropyron chromosomes. Except for one line, the disomic addition lines and one substitution line showed significantly higher seed protein content than Chinese Spring. However, it was shown that yield depression accounted for a large portion of the increase in protein content. To remove this factor, the actual protein content in each line was compared with the adjusted protein content obtained from the regression of protein content on yield. Then it appeared that five of the seven Agropyron chromosomes are implicated in the control of seed protein. The amino acid compositions of proteins in the Agropyron-wheat derivatives were uniform and did not differ from Chinese Spring. It was shown that genes on Agropyron and wheat homoeologous chromosomes frequently have related effects on the characters studied. Because of genetic similarity among Agropyron and wheat homoeologues, the alien substitution lines tend to be superior to the alien addition lines in which the deleterious characters are largely caused by gene dosage effects. It is suggested that interlocus gene interactions play a significant role in the control of quantitative characters in this Agropyron genotype.

Cytology, RAPD, and seed colour of progeny plants from Brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids and development of monosomic addition lines

Genome ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 1007-1021 ◽  
Author(s):  
W K Heneen ◽  
R B Jørgensen
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Genetic Recombination ◽  
Chromatin Condensation ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Seed Colour ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines

Progeny plants from Brassica rapa-alboglabra aneuploids were characterized genetically by scoring random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers and seed colour and cytologically as to chromosome number and pairing. Sets of RAPD markers specific for each of the encountered eight alien Brassica alboglabra chromosomes were defined. The finding of subsets of markers associated with the presence or absence of alien chromosomes inferred the frequent occurrence of intergenomic genetic recombination and introgression. The chromosome numbers were in the range 2n = 20–28, with a maximum of seven alien B. alboglabra chromosomes and one trisomic B. rapa chromosome. Five types of monosomic addition lines were obtained, two of which have not been developed before. Differences in chromatin condensation patterns made it possible to differentiate between the B. rapa and B. alboglabra chromosomes at diakinesis, and to detect intergenomic homoeological pairing. In addition to the frequent formation of trivalents by homoeologous pairing of an alien B. alboglabra chromosome and a background B. rapa pair, occasional heteromorphic intergenomic bivalents and B. rapa univalents were encountered. Homoeological intergenomic pairing occurred between chromosomes with similar centromeric and karyotypic positions. Plants with structurally changed alien chromosomes were found. The RAPD and cytological data substantiated each other. Observations of the colour of sown and harvested seeds indicated that B. alboglabra chromosome 4 carries a gene for brown seed colour. It exerts its control embryonically, and thus it differs from chromosome 1 which controls seed colour maternally.Key words: Brassica rapa-alboglabra, monosomic addition line, chromosome homoeology, RAPD markers, seed colour.

Abnormal mitosis induced by wheat–rye 1R monosomic addition lines

Genome ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 21-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Lan Fu ◽  
Man-Yu Yang ◽  
Zheng-Long Ren ◽  
Ben-Ju Yan ◽  
Zong-Xiang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Translocation Chromosome ◽  
Addition Line ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Abnormal Mitosis ◽  
Secale Cereale L ◽  
Monosomic Addition ◽  
Monosomic Addition Lines

Octoploid triticale were derived from common wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ‘Mianyang11’) × rye (Secale cereale L. ‘Kustro’), and some progeny were obtained by the backcrossing of triticale with ‘Mianyang11’ followed by self-fertilization. In situ hybridization using rye genomic DNA and repetitive sequences pAs1 and pSc119.2 as probes was used to analyze the mitotic chromosomes of these progeny. Three wheat–rye 1R monosomic addition lines and a wheat line (12FT-1685) containing a 1R and a 1BL.1RS translocation chromosome were identified. Abnormal mitosis was observed in the two lines. During mitosis of a 1R monosomic addition line (3-8-20-1R-2), lagging chromosomes, micronuclei, chromosomal bridges, and the one pole segregation of 1R chromosome were observed. Abnormal mitotic behaviour of chromosomes was also observed in some of the self-progeny plants of lines 12FT-1685 and 3-8-20-1R-2. These progeny contained 1R chromosome or 1R chromosome arm. In addition, 4B chromosomes were absent from one of the progeny of 3-8-20-1R-2. This abnormal mitotic behaviour of chromosomes was not observed in two other 1R monosomic addition lines. These results indicate that a single 1R chromosome added to wheat might cause abnormal mitotic behaviour of both wheat and rye chromosomes and different genetic variations might occurr among the sibling 1R monosomic addition lines.

DEVELOPMENT OF D-GENOME DISOMIC ADDITION LINES OF DURUM WHEAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 335-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. R. Joppa ◽  
F. H. McNeal
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Numbers ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Addition Lines ◽  
Male Sterile ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Disomic Addition Lines

Seven lines of 'Chinese Spring' (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.), each tetrasomic for one of the D-genome chromosomes, were crossed to 'Wells' and to 'Lakota' durum (T. durum Desf.). Nearly all F1 plants had 15 pairs plus six univalents, as expected.The D-genome disomic addition lines 1D, 3D, 4D, 5D and 6D were obtained in the F3. The 1D, 3D and 6D disomic addition lines proved to be male-sterile. The 4D and 5D disomic addition lines had stable chromosome numbers, were partially male-fertile and could be maintained by selfing. The 2D and 7D disomic addition lines were not obtained.

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