Inheritance of kernel protein content in five spring wheat crosses

1983 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 398-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Sampson ◽  
D. W. Flynn ◽  
P. Y. Jui
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Normal Frequency ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Kernel Protein

Kernel protein content was determined in the F4 and F6 generations, grown in 1976 and 1977, of five crosses of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) using infrared reflectance spectroscopy. All crosses showed continuous variation in percent protein with more or less normal frequency distributions between the two parents. Progeny means were slightly lower than the midparent values in most crosses and significantly so in the cross between the two high protein parents. The ranks of the midparent values were excellent predictors of the ranks of the progeny means. Heritability in standard units, based on intergeneration correlations, ranged from 0.25 to 0.50. These results suggest additive gene action by at least two minor genes whose individual segregation patterns were masked by larger environmental and error variances. Epistatic effects are postulated to account for the lower mean protein in the high × high cross. Two of the five crosses showed significant correlations between kernel hardness and protein content of r = 0.22 and 0.25 in the F4 but these were negative and not significant in the F6.

Combining ability and gene action studies for yield-contributing traits in crosses involving winter and spring wheat genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
H. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

The success of winter × spring wheat hybridization programmes depends upon the ability of the genotypes of these two physiologically distinct ecotypes to combine well with each other. Hence the present investigation was undertaken to study the combining ability and nature of gene action for various morpho-physiological and yield-contributing traits in crosses involving winter and spring wheat genotypes. Five elite and diverse genotypes each of winter and spring wheat ecotypes and their F 1 (spring × spring, winter × winter and winter × spring) hybrids, generated in a diallel mating design excluding reciprocals, were evaluated in a random block design with three replications. Considerable variability was observed among the spring and winter wheat genotypes for all the traits under study. Furthermore, these traits were highly influenced by the winter and spring wheat genetic backgrounds, resulting in significant differences between the spring × spring, winter × winter and winter × spring wheat hybrids for some of the traits. The winter × spring wheat hybrids were observed to be the best with respect to yieldcontributing traits. On the basis of GCA effects, the spring wheat parents HPW 42, HPW 89, HW 3024, PW 552 and UP 2418 and the winter wheat parents Saptdhara, VWFW 452, W 10 and WW 24 were found to be good combiners for the majority of traits. These spring and winter wheat parents could be effectively utilized in future hybridization programmes for wheat improvement. Superior hybrid combinations for one or more traits were identified, all of which involved at least one good general combiner for one or more traits in their parentage, and can thus be exploited in successive generations to develop potential recombinants through various breeding strategies. Genetic studies revealed the preponderance of additive gene action for days to flowering, days to maturity and harvest index, and non-additive gene action for the remaining six traits.

scholarly journals Genetic Analysis of Yield and its Attributes in Bread Wheat (Triticum Aestivum L. Em. Thell) Under Irrigated and Rainfed Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Divya Chaudhary ◽  
Swati ◽  
Kuldeep Nagar ◽  
Richa Dhyani
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Pooled Analysis ◽  
F1 Hybrids ◽  
Plant Type ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Rainfed Condition ◽  
Rainfed Conditions ◽  
Additive Gene

Abstract Experiments were conducted to study the genetics and combining ability for yield and its attributes under Irrigated (E1) and Rainfed (E2) conditions using F1 hybrids derived from Line X Tester mating design by crossing eleven lines with three testers. Significant differences were observed among all the genotypes for all the traits in both E1 and E2 environments as well as in pooled analysis. The σ2gca/σ2sca ratio indicated predominance of non-additive gene action for all the characters in both environments. Therefore, this component of variance can be utilize in breeding programme through exploitation of heterosis and the selection process for identification of superior plant type should be postponed to further generations like F4 or F5. VL3001 and KACHU*2//WHEAR/SOKOLL was identified as good general combiner in irrigated condition (E1) and in rainfed condition (E2), respectively for maximum number of traits. Parent VL3001 was also identified as good general combiner for maximum number of traits in case of pooled analysis. Cross BECARD/KACHU × WH1080, BOW/VEE/5/ND/VG9144//KAL/BBB/YACO/4/CHIL/6/CASKOR/3/… × WH1080 and C306 × WH1142 was identified as good specific combination for maximum number of traits in irrigated condition (E1), rainfed condition (E2) and in pooled analysis, respectively.

Genetic analysis of yield and its component traits in spring wheat

2003 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-147 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. K. Joshi ◽  
S. N. Sharma ◽  
D. L. Singhania ◽  
R. S. Sain
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Components Of Variance ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Component Traits ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Average Average

Combining ability analysis in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell) involving 10 diverse parents and their 45 F1 and F2 progenies indicated significant differences between the parents for GCA and between the crosses for SCA for all the characters studied. The GCA and SCA components of variance were significant for all the traits. However, the GCA component of variance was predominant, indicating the predominance of additive gene effects for the traits studied. Among the parents HD 2329, Raj 1972, HD 2285 and HD 2428 were the best general combiners for grain yield and average to high combiners for other important traits. The best specific crosses for grain yield were CPAN 3004 × Durgapura 65, Sonalika × HD 2329, Raj 3077 × CPAN 3004, Raj 3077 × HD 2428 and HD 2428 × WH 157.The parent Raj 1972 was the best general combiner for grain yield and protein content, while Raj 3077 and Lok-1 were the best general combiners for protein content. The most suitable specific crosses for protein content were HD 2329 x HD 2285, HD 2428 × Raj 1972 and CPAN 3004 × WH 157. Most of the specific crosses for grain yield and protein content involved high × average, average × average or average × poor general combiners. To ensure a further increase in grain yield along with high protein, combinations of desirable yield components are advocated. The exploitation of additive and non-additive gene actions through bi-parental mating and/or diallel selective mating systems are suggested for a tangible advance in grain yield coupled with high protein in spring wheat.

INDUCED POLYGENIC VARIATIONS IN RELATION TO GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SPRING WHEAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Singh ◽  
G. S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Gene action in relation to yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike was studied in 9 × 9 diallel F1 and F2 populations derived separately from nine elite diverse normal and EMS treated spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell.). Some additive and all dominance components were significant for the three characters, their relative proportions varied from character to character. Preponderance of additive gene action was revealed for 1000-grain weight, whereas prevalence of nonadditive gene action was noted for grain yield and number of grains per spike. The magnitude of the additive component increased considerably in EMS treated F2 populations for 1000-grain weight and grain yield, whereas the EMS treatment increased the proportion of nonadditive components for number of grains per spike. Breeding plans which may effectively exploit both additive and nonadditive components of variances for evolving superior breeding populations of spring wheat have been suggested.

Combining ability for physiological traits in spring wheat over environments

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. N. Sharma ◽  
U. Menon ◽  
R. S. Sain
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Peduncle Length

Combining ability analysis was carried out in the F1 and F2 generations of a 10 × 10 parents half diallel for peduncle length and flag leaf area in spring wheat under three environments. The mean squares for both general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were significant for peduncle length in both the generations, indicating the involvement of both additive and non-additive gene actions in the inheritance. However, the high values of GCA variance showed the greater importance of additive gene action in the inheritance of this trait. Flag leaf area was observed to be controlled by non-additive gene action. The environment played a significant role in the expression of both the traits. The GCA × environment interaction exhibited greater sensitivity in all cases than the SCA × environment interaction. The varieties Kharchia 65 and Durgapura 65 emerged as desirable general combiners for peduncle length, whereas Pavon and Moncho had high mean performance for flag leaf area. These parents could be used as donors in future breeding to develop a physiologically efficient wheat genotype with high production. The crosses Moncho × Brochis and Durgapura 65 × Raj 821 were the most desirable specific combinations for flag leaf area and Kharchia 65 × Chiroca for both the traits. Desirable transgressive segregants can be expected from these crosses. Diallel selective mating or bi-parental crossing could be useful for the genetic improvement of these physiological traits.

YIELDS AND PROTEIN TRENDS OF SPRING WHEAT (Triticum aestivum L.) ON THE CANADIAN PRAIRIES, 1961–1982

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. STEWART ◽  
L. M. DWYER
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Nonlinear Fitting ◽  
Annual Variations ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Technology Effects

Mathematical models of hard red spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were used to account for effects of weather on annual variations in yield and protein content on the Canadian prairies. When weather effects were calculated, other relatively slow-changing trends became much clearer. Results indicate that yields in the three major soil zones have increased an average of 806 kg ha−1, while protein contents have decreased (1.0% from 1961 to 1982). Both trends show the largest change at the beginning of the period (1961) with a levelling off at the end (1982). There seems to be an inverse relationship between yield and protein, with technology contributing to yield increases and at the same time decreasing protein content by dilution although this was not conclusively proved. Decreases in soil organic matter or other soil factors may be contributing to the protein decline but these factors were not required to explain the observed patterns in yield and percent protein. The results indicated that the potential to produce high protein wheats has decreased during the period 1961–1982.Key words: Nonlinear fitting, physical model, technology effects, protein dilution

INHERITANCE OF GROAT PROTEIN IN INTERSPECIFIC OAT CROSSES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 735-742 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. R. CAMPBELL ◽  
K. J. FREY
Keyword(s):  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Frequency Distributions ◽  
Protein Percentage ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Excessive Number

Ten interspecific crosses of Avena sativa L. × A. sterilis L. were used to study inheritance of crude protein percentage in the groats of oats. There was significant genetic variability among F2-derived lines for groat-protein percentage in each cross. Mean and midparent values for groat-protein percentage were not significantly different and the frequency distributions were reasonably symmetrical for six crosses, both suggesting that additive gene action conditioned this trait. Frequency distributions for the remaining four crosses showed an excessive number of low-protein lines and the F2-derived line means for three were lower than their respective midparent values, suggesting that duplicate epistatic gene action was conditioning low groat-protein percentage in these crosses. Mean per-plot, per-experiment, and regression heritabilities were 41, 57, and 30% respectively. It appears that the inheritance is sufficiently simple and the heritability is large enough for researchers to be successful in breeding for high groat-protein percentage in oats by using appropriate A. sativa × A. sterilis crosses.

GENE ACTION FOR PROTEIN AND OIL CONTENT IN SUMMER RAPE

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
BAHRAM GRAMI ◽  
B. R. STEFANSSON
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Percent Protein ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Selection For

Genetic control of percent protein, percent oil, and sum of protein and oil as a percentage of the seed was investigated in two summer rape (Brassica napus L.) cultivars, Midas and Tower, and their F1, F2 and backcross generations. All three traits were found to be governed by additive gene action. Dominance was not significant and epistasis was absent. Selection for sum of protein and oil was shown to be more effective than selection for either protein or oil alone.

scholarly journals The Effects of Combining Ability for Yield Traits in Rice (Oryza sativa L.) under Sodic Soil

2020 ◽  
pp. 34-44
Author(s):  
Durgesh Kumar Shukla ◽  
S. N. Singh ◽  
S. C. Gaur ◽  
Anil Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Hybrid Vigour ◽  
Yield Traits ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Early Maturity ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Rice Genotypes ◽  
Positive Effect

Information on combining ability is derived from data on twelve yield and yield contributing characters in fifteen male and three female parents utilised in line x tester fashion to estimate combining ability of rice genotypes under coastal saline condition. Forty Five hybrids generated from crossing three lines with fifteen testers were studied along with their parents for combining ability and gene action involved in the expression of characters in rice. The gca and sca effects were significant for all the characters. The magnitude of sca variance was higher than the gca variance for all the characters revealed the presence of predominance of non-additive gene action for all the characters under study. Halchal (-12.29) was found to be good general combiners for days to 50% flowering and early maturity, Halchal (-13.39). However, IR-24 (1.88) was good general combiners with significant positive effect for tallness. Magic (-12.05) good general combiners for dwarfness and Shriram 434 (1.57) was good general combiners for test weight however, Moti was best general combiner with gca estimates of 7.07 for harvest index and Kuber (3.48) was the good general combiners for yield/hill. Cross combinations RHR 27 x IR 24 (4.04) was significant and positive effect for yield/hill, performance for ear bearing tillers per plant were RHR 27 x IR 24 (1.88). In general, the crosses showing significant and desirable combining ability effects were associated with better per se performance for the respective traits. These hybrids could be utilized in heterosis breeding to exploit hybrid vigour.

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