INDUCED POLYGENIC VARIATIONS IN RELATION TO GENE ACTION FOR YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS IN SPRING WHEAT

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. B. Singh ◽  
G. S. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Breeding Populations ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Gene action in relation to yield per plant, 1000-grain weight and number of grains per spike was studied in 9 × 9 diallel F1 and F2 populations derived separately from nine elite diverse normal and EMS treated spring wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.em Thell.). Some additive and all dominance components were significant for the three characters, their relative proportions varied from character to character. Preponderance of additive gene action was revealed for 1000-grain weight, whereas prevalence of nonadditive gene action was noted for grain yield and number of grains per spike. The magnitude of the additive component increased considerably in EMS treated F2 populations for 1000-grain weight and grain yield, whereas the EMS treatment increased the proportion of nonadditive components for number of grains per spike. Breeding plans which may effectively exploit both additive and nonadditive components of variances for evolving superior breeding populations of spring wheat have been suggested.

scholarly journals Combining ability analysis for yield and yield contributing traits in maize (Zea mays L.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 253-259
Author(s):  
HZ Raihan ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
M Hoque
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Diallel Cross ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

An experiment on combining ability was carried out with 21 crosses produced from 7×7 diallel cross without reciprocal for grain yield and yield contributing characters in maize. Analysis of variance for combining ability showed that mean square (MS) due to GCA & SCA were highly significant for all characters except GCA in plant height, cob length and 1000 grain weight and SCA in maturity and row/cob indicated that all but mentioned traits were governed by both additive and non-additive gene action. Variances due to GCA were higher for all characters except thousand grain weight revealed that the predominance of additive gene action for all characters except thousand grain weight. Parent CML 487 and Ki 21 were the best general combiner for yield and most of the yield contributing characters. Parent BMZ 57 & BMZ 15 were the best general combiner for dwarf & earliness in plant. Among all the crosses CML 473 × Ki 21, CML 487 × Ki 21 and CML 429 × BIL 182 exhibited significant positive SCA effect for grain yield. The cross CML 429 × BIL 182 may be considered as the best cross with recorded significant mean value and desired SCA for traits like 1000 grain weight, yield (t/ha), days to 50% pollen shedding, days to 50% silking, plant height, ear height and days to maturity. The promising single crosses with significant and positive SCA could be used for variety development after verifying them across locations. Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 44(2): 253-259, June 2019

scholarly journals Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum with reference to resistance breeding

1985 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-66
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Screening Techniques ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Host Pathogen ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Host-pathogen interaction between spring wheat and Septoria nodorum Berk. with applications for wheat breeding were studied. Ultrastructure of interactions was studied using electron microscopic techniques. Following inoculation, conidia of S. nodorum germinate, form appressoria anda penetration peg which directly penetrates through the cell walls. It is suggested that most penetration attempts fail because of cellular defence reactions, formation of papillae and cell wall alterations. Inoculation with low spore concentration reduced grain yield of Hankkija’s Taava cultivar by 10 % and 1000-grain weight by 14 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on large plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 32 % and 1000-grain weight by 18 %. Inoculation with high spore concentration on normal breeding plots of Tähti cultivar reduced grain yield by 35 % and 1000-grain weight by 21 % and the grain yield of Kadett cultivar by 27 % and 1000-grain weight by 20 %. Inheritance studies on F2 progenies of spring wheat crosses involving susceptible and moderately or highly resistant parents suggest that heredity component of symptom expression is moderate level and breeding success depends mainly on efficient screening techniques. Resistance was associated with tallness in crosses, and cultivar trials suggest that resistance is positively associated with late maturation time. Field screening techniques based on small plots and artificial inoculation showed that the most resistant entries were wild Triticum species and late and tall cultivars. Seedling plant tests based on attached seedling leaves and detached leaves revealed easily the most resistant and most susceptible cultivars. The overall correlation between seedling tests and field tests was quite high. The results are discussed in relation to wheat breeding strategies for resistance to S. nodorum.

Combining ability and gene action studies for yield-contributing traits in crosses involving winter and spring wheat genotypes

2009 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Sharma ◽  
H. Chaudhary
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Diallel Mating Design ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Wheat Hybrids

The success of winter × spring wheat hybridization programmes depends upon the ability of the genotypes of these two physiologically distinct ecotypes to combine well with each other. Hence the present investigation was undertaken to study the combining ability and nature of gene action for various morpho-physiological and yield-contributing traits in crosses involving winter and spring wheat genotypes. Five elite and diverse genotypes each of winter and spring wheat ecotypes and their F 1 (spring × spring, winter × winter and winter × spring) hybrids, generated in a diallel mating design excluding reciprocals, were evaluated in a random block design with three replications. Considerable variability was observed among the spring and winter wheat genotypes for all the traits under study. Furthermore, these traits were highly influenced by the winter and spring wheat genetic backgrounds, resulting in significant differences between the spring × spring, winter × winter and winter × spring wheat hybrids for some of the traits. The winter × spring wheat hybrids were observed to be the best with respect to yieldcontributing traits. On the basis of GCA effects, the spring wheat parents HPW 42, HPW 89, HW 3024, PW 552 and UP 2418 and the winter wheat parents Saptdhara, VWFW 452, W 10 and WW 24 were found to be good combiners for the majority of traits. These spring and winter wheat parents could be effectively utilized in future hybridization programmes for wheat improvement. Superior hybrid combinations for one or more traits were identified, all of which involved at least one good general combiner for one or more traits in their parentage, and can thus be exploited in successive generations to develop potential recombinants through various breeding strategies. Genetic studies revealed the preponderance of additive gene action for days to flowering, days to maturity and harvest index, and non-additive gene action for the remaining six traits.

Genetic components analysis in Indian mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern. and Coss.)

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (02) ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Amit Tomar ◽  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Mahak Singh
Keyword(s):  
Gene Action ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Genetic Components ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
Components Analysis ◽  
Almost All

Genetic components analysis exhibited that both additive and dominance components were highly significant for almost all the traits indicating the role of both additive as well as non-additive gene action in controlling the expression of concerned traits. In general dominance component values were higher than that of additive component for all the traits. The estimates of average degree of dominance indicated presence of over-dominance for all the traits.

scholarly journals Susceptibility of spring wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria nodorum Berk.

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-332
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Symptom Expression ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Breeding Lines ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Screening techniques for detecting the susceptibility of spring wheat cultivars and breeding lines to Septoria nodorum Berk. were studied in trials carried out in southern Finland. Small screening plots were artificially inoculated with the pathogen and subsequent observations showed that the early cultivars Apu, Ulla, Hja 21600 and the late cultivar Tähti were the most susceptible. The rank correlation between field assessments from naturally infected plots and assessment from artificially inoculated small screening plots was moderately high. The correlations between 1000 grain weight and disease severity were negatively significant in some susceptible cultivars, but also in some resistant cultivars A weak positive correlation between 1000 grain weight and disease severity was observed in some resistant and also in some susceptible varieties. Although our results do not show consistent trends we conclude that the use of small screening plots is an effective means of detecting differences in symptom expression among breeding lines and cultivars.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF REGULATION OF SOURCE-SINK RELATIONSHIP ON GRAIN YIELD AND ITS COMPONENT OF DIFFERENT BREAD WHEAT CULTIVARS

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaddoa & Kadom
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Flag Leaf ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Abu Ghraib ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Source Sink ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

A field trial was conducted at Abu-Ghraib Research Station-Agricultural Research Directorate-Ministry of Agriculture during the growing seasons of 2012-2013 and 2013-2014. The objective was to investigate the effect of source-sink Regulation on grain yield  and its companents of five bread wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum L.). Randomized complete block design with the arrangement of split-plots with three replicates was used. Bread wheat cultivars (Bohooth-22, IPA 99, Abu-Ghraib-3,Al-Fath and Al-Rasheed) occupied the main plots while treatments of source-sink relationship regulation occupied the sub-plots. They included eight treatments: Con. control (Con.), S1 (removal of lamina of the flag leaf of main stem), S2 (removal of laminas of the leaf  beneath the flag leaf), S3 (removal of both lamina of the leaf  and the leaf under flag leaf), S4 (removal of upper third spikelets),S5 (removal of median third spikelets), S6 (removal of lower third spikelets) and S7 (removal all spikelets from one side of spike) . Characteristics of plant height, flag leaf area, spike length, no of spikelet per spike, spike weight, and grain yield and its components were measured and estimated. Results of the present study indicated the followings:  Cultivar (Bohooth-22) gave the highest 1000 grain weight (35.70 and 35.31 g) the highest grain yield (5.467 and 5.148 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively compared with Abu-Ghraib3 and Al-Rasheed cultivars which gave lowest grain yield (4.918,4.364, 4.239 and 4.352 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively and then less 1000 grain weight (30.15, 32.66, 32.61 and 32.77 g), in both seasons, respectively. Treatment (Con.) i.e no modification of source-sink relationship gave the highest grain yield (5.93 and 5.66 t.ha-1) in both seasons, respectively. Treatments of regulation source (S1 and S3)gave grain yield (4.909, 4.698, 4.621and 4.356 t.ha-1), respectively while (S5) treatment gave the lowest grain yield (4.203 t.ha-1) in the first season and (4.061 t.ha-1) in the second season. This indicates that sink regulation treatment was the most influencial in reducing grain yield than the source regulation treatment, especially, treatment (S5) in both seasons where the  median third of spikelets had been removed due to the reduction of spike growth rate (3.18 and 2.49 g.day-1) in both seasons compared with the (Con) treatment which gave the highest values of spike growth rate (3.91 and 3.12 g.day-1) in both seasons, respectively which resulted in the reduction of dry matter translocation in the (S5) treatment (1.87 and 1.74 g.day -1) and consequently in the reduction of 1000 grain weight (30.09 and 31.199) compared with (34.99 and 37.12 g) in the (Con.) treatment in both seasons, respectively.

Detection and estimation of components of genetic variation and genotype × environment interaction in three wheat crosses

1984 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Singh ◽  
M. S. Dahiya
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Gene Effects ◽  
Genotype Environment Interaction ◽  
Additive Component ◽  
Spike Number ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

SummaryThe data obtained from 360 progeny families produced by crossing 40 F2 plants from each of three wheat crosses HD 2009 × HD 1949, Raj 821 × WH 147 and NP 876 × HD 1949, to three testers (the testers being the two parents of each original cross and their F1 in each case) were subjected to triple test cross analysis for detecting and estimating additive, dominance and epistatic components of genetic variation and interaction of these components with environment for plant height, spike length, number of tillers per plant, number of spikelets per spike, number of grains per spike, 1000-grain weight, number of days from sowing to heading and to maturity, grain yield per plant and grain yield/above ground dry matter ratio (harvest index). Epistasis was an important element for plant height, number of tillers per plant, number of grains per spike and grain yield per plant in all three crosses. Both the i type and j and l type epistasis were equally important. In general, the magnitude of additive component was larger than that of dominance component. The additive gene effects were more sensitive to environmental change than the dominance gene effects. Similarly, j and l type epistasis was relatively more sensitive to environment than the i type epistasis.

scholarly journals Evaluating Adaptability and Genetic Variability of Improved Maize Varieties

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abenezer Abebe ◽  
Zelalem Tafa ◽  
Worknesh Terefe
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Female Flower ◽  
Genetic Advance ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Maize Variety ◽  
Additive Gene ◽  
High Heritability

Maize is one of the most important cereals broadly adapted worldwide. Though, a number of improved maize varieties have been released, each micro-environment has not been touched that is why the study carried out. The experiment was conducted using seven maize varieties in RCB design with three replications. The analysis of variance signifies the presence of significant difference (p<0.05) among the seven maize varieties evaluated. High value of genetic (GCV) and phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV) for grain yield (25.1 and 37.8%) were estimated and this infers less influence of environment. Additionally, moderately high heritability (44.2%) and high genetic advance in percent mean (34.4%) were estimated for grain yield which indicate the trait governed by additive gene action and could be improved via selection based on phenotypic performance. However, traits (male and female flower) with high heritability and moderate genetic advance in percent mean inherited mostly by non-additive gene action and heterosis breeding could be useful. Regarding agronomic performance, Hora maize variety provided highest grain yield (5.0 t/ha) followed by Kuleni (4.1 t/ha), Melkasa 2 (4.0 t/ha) and check (4.0 t/ha). Hora, Melkasa 2, Melkasa 4 and check flowered earlier as compared to the other and could be used as parent for generating early flowering varieties. In summary, Hora maize variety was better performing both statistically and in eyes of farmers and need seed multiplication and distribution to farming community. Moreover, the variability observed among the maize varieties could be utilizing in future breeding activities.

scholarly journals Effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on yield and yield components of spring wheat

1983 ◽  
Vol 55 (4) ◽  
pp. 333-344
Author(s):  
Reijo Karjalainen ◽  
Aino Laitinen ◽  
Tapio Juuti
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Septoria Nodorum ◽  
Spore Concentration ◽  
Compensatory Mechanisms ◽  
Grain Number ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
1000 Grain Weight

Data from two experiments was analysed in order to determine the effects of Septoria nodorum Berk. on the yield of spring wheat. In the first experiment the cultivar Hankkija’s Taava was artificially inoculated with low spore concentration suspensions of S. nodorum. The resulting disease reduced grain yield by 10%, 1000-grain weight by 14%, and hectorlitre weight by 5.7 %. An examination of the ears from the main stems revealed that the pathogen induced a reduction in all yield components but especially in grain number/ear and grain weight. In the second experiment a total of 28 cultivars or lines were studied and the correlation between grain yield/ear and disease severity was found to be negative but low. No consistent trend among the correlations was seen and some susceptible cultivars suffered only slightly from the disease while other fairly resistant cultivars showed great losses. The results are discussed in relation to compensatory mechanisms and potential disease tolerance in wheat.

scholarly journals Combining ability analysis for grain yield and its attributes in Rice (Oryza sativa L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
BP Mallikarjuna ◽  
N Shivakumar ◽  
J Devendrappa ◽  
VD Sheela ◽  
G Bharamappa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Gene Action ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Breeding Strategy ◽  
Rice Breeding ◽  
Additive Gene Action ◽  
Combining Ability Analysis ◽  
Additive Gene

Combining ability on grain yield and its components from line × tester analysis of thirty rice hybrids (Oryza sativa L.) produced by crossing three newly developed CMS lines and ten testers of local origin were studied. The analysis revealed higher SCA variance than GCA variance for all the characters except plant height indicating the prevalence of non-additive gene action. The line KCMS 45A and testers MSN 36 and KMR 3 were the good general combiners for yield and its major contributing characters. MSN 99 was the only good general combiner among the male parents for earliness and dwarfness. The hybrids KCMS 46A × MSN 75, KCMS 44A × KMR 4 and KCMS 45A × KMR 3 were identified as potential hybrids for yield contributing characters based on SCA effects which could be exploited in future rice breeding programme by adopting heterosis breeding strategy. The contribution of testers towards the total variance was found higher than lines and line x tester interaction suggesting predominant of testers influence for these characters. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sja.v12i1.21107 SAARC J. Agri., 12(1): 1-8 (2014)

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