The field reaction to stem rust of 'Chinese Spring' substitution lines carrying chromosomes from 'Hope' and 'Thatcher' wheats

1986 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Chinese Spring ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Substitution Lines ◽  
Field Reaction ◽  
Rust Severity

Studies were done in an attempt to determine the inheritance of adult plant resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn.) in the wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars 'Hope' and 'Thatcher'. 'Chinese Spring' substitution lines carrying individual chromosomes from 'Hope' and 'Thatcher' were tested in field rust nurseries, three times each with races 15B-1 and 56, and twice with multirace mixtures. In 1976 it was found that the date of heading often had a significant effect on rust severity, with early lines showing less rust. In 1977 and 1984 the lines were divided into three groups based on maturity and were planted on three dates about 10 days apart to make heading dates more uniform. The data indicate that 'Hope' has genes for resistance to race 56 on chromosomes 3B (Sr2) and 4D, and to a multirace mixture on 1B, 3B, and 7B. 'Thatcher' possibly has genes for resistance to race 56 on chromosomes 6A and 3B (Sr12). The results show that the resistance of both cultivars is complex and most genes have only small effects.Key words: Triticum, Puccinia, rust resistance, substitution lines.

Inheritance of resistance to stem rust in 'Bonza', 'Chris', 'FKN-II-50-17', 'MRFY', 'Thatcher', 'Marquillo', and 'Hope' wheats

Genome ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-276
Author(s):  
M. Padidam ◽  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Major Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Minor Genes

Resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks, and Henn.), particularly adult plant resisitance to race 15B-1, was studied in seven wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars or lines: 'Bonza', 'Chris', 'FKN-II-50-17', 'MRFY', 'Thatcher', 'Marquillo', and 'Hope'. Each of the seven was crossed with a susceptible parent and either F4- or F5-derived lines developed by single seed descent. All of the lines were tested with race 15B-1 in field nurseries. Lines derived from parents carrying seedling resistance to race 15B-1 were also tested as seedlings in the greenhouse with race 15B-1, and in some cases races 56, 29, and C65. The data indicated that 'Bonza' carries Sr6, probably Sr5, an unidentified gene giving resistance to race 56, two unidentified genes for resistance to race C65, and two minor genes that combine to produce intermediate adult plant resistance. 'Chris' carries Sr5, Sr7a, Sr8a, and Sr12. In addition, it may have three minor genes for adult plant resistance. 'FKN-II-50-17' carries Sr6 and may have four minor genes that combine to produce moderate adult plant resistance. 'MRFY', which is seedling susceptible to race 15B-1, carries Sr9b, possibly Sr5, plus an unidentified gene for resistance to C65. In addition, it appears to have one major gene for adult plant resistance plus two or more minor genes. 'Thatcher', 'Marquillo', and 'Hope' had only limited resistance to race 15B-1 in the field and no genetic analysis of their crosses was possible. The four parents that had good resistance to race 15B-1 in the field, 'Bonza', 'Chris', 'FKN-II-50-17', and 'MRFY', all carry minor genes for adult plant resistance that had little effect individually but produced moderate resistance when combined. The genes Sr5 and Sr9b, which have no effect on resistance to 15B-1 is seedlings, were found to significantly increase resistance in adult plants in the field.Key words: stem rust, Puccinia graminis tritici, wheat, Triticum aestivum, adult plant rust resistance.

The inheritance of adult plant resistance to stem rust derived from wheat cultivars Bonza and Chris

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-292
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Complex Mixture ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Recessive Genes

The wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars Bonza and Chris have adult plant resistance to stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) in addition to genes for specific resistance. Both cultivars were crossed to a susceptible wheat, LMPG. Lines carrying the adult plant resistances of the two parents were produced by selecting for seedling susceptibility in the greenhouse and adult plant resistance in the field to race 15B-1 (TMH). Three homozygous lines derived from Bonza and two from Chris were crossed and backcrossed to LMPG. Backcross F2 families were grown in a field nursery inoculated with a multi-race mixture of eight stem rust isolates including 15B-1. Stem rust severities in percent were recorded. An analysis of the data indicated that adult plant resistance of Bonza was controlled by a single recessive gene and that of Chris by two complementary recessive genes. Since the resistance was effective against a complex mixture of virulent stem rust races, it should be of interest to wheat breeders. Key words: Stem rust, Puccinia graminis, common wheat, Triticum aestivum, adult plant resistance

Suppression of stem rust resistance in the hexaploid wheat cv. Canthatch by chromosome 7DL

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 1347-1350 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. R. Kerber ◽  
G. J. Green
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Leaf Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Diploid Progenitor ◽  
Aegilops Squarrosa

The nullisomic for chromosome 7D (2n = 40) of the hexaploid wheat cv. Canthatch (Triticum aestivum L., 2n = 42) was found to be resistant in both the seedling and adult-plant stages to several races of stem rust (Puccinia graminis Pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. and E. Henn) to which normal disomic Canthatch (2n = 42) was susceptible. Since ditelosomic 7DL (2n = 40 + tt) reacted in the same manner as Canthatch, it appears that a gene(s) is present on the long arm of chromosome 7D that suppresses resistance determined by other genes, probably on chromosomes of the A and B genomes. Evidence indicated that the suppressor was derived from the ancestral, diploid progenitor of common wheat, Aegilops squarrosa L., rather than by mutation at the hexaploid level. The results provide a genetic explanation for apparent failures of some attempts to transfer stem rust and leaf rust resistance to hexaploid wheat from diploid and tetraploid relatives.

Seedling resistances to rust diseases in international triticale germplasm

2010 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Zhang ◽  
C. R. Wellings ◽  
R. A. McIntosh ◽  
R. F. Park
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Stripe Rust ◽  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Seedling Resistance ◽  
Rust Diseases

Seedling resistances to stem rust, leaf rust and stripe rust were evaluated in the 37th International Triticale Screening Nursery, distributed by the International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre (CIMMYT) in 2005. In stem rust tests, 12 and 69 of a total of 81 entries were postulated to carry Sr27 and SrSatu, respectively. When compared with previous studies of CIMMYT triticale nurseries distributed from 1980 to 1986 and 1991 to 1993, the results suggest a lack of expansion in the diversity of stem rust resistance. A total of 62 of 64 entries were resistant to five leaf rust pathotypes. In stripe rust tests, ~93% of the lines were postulated to carry Yr9 alone or in combination with other genes. The absence of Lr26 in these entries indicated that Yr9 and Lr26 are not genetically associated in triticale. A high proportion of nursery entries (63%) were postulated to carry an uncharacterised gene, YrJackie. The 13 lines resistant to stripe rust and the 62 entries resistant to leaf rust represent potentially useful sources of seedling resistance in developing new triticale cultivars. Field rust tests are needed to verify if seedling susceptible entries also carry adult plant resistance.

The inheritance of stem rust resistance in Thatcher wheat

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Single Seed Descent ◽  
Good Resistance ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Single Seed ◽  
Inheritance Of Rust Resistance

Thatcher was the predominant wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar on the Canadian prairies in the 1950s. Until race 15B (TMH) of stem rust (Puccinia graminis pers. f. sp. tritici Eriks. & Henn.) became widespread, Thatcher had good resistance to stem rust, but was susceptible to leaf rust (P. recondita f. sp. tritici Rob. ex Desm.). Although genes for stem rust resistance have been identified in Thatcher, the inheritance of its resistance has never been fully understood. The objective of this research was to attempt to elucidate the inheritance of the resistance of Thatcher and to determine why it had a reputation as a poor parent for rust resistance. Over a period of 40 yr, crosses and backcrosses to a susceptible genotype and two sets of single seed descent (SSD) lines were studied. The second set of SSD lines was tested with isolates of six races of stem rust to which Thatcher is resistant. The data showed that Thatcher is a very heterogenous cultivar with individual plants differing widely in the genes for stem rust resistance that they carry. The inheritance of rust resistance varied greatly from race to race and was often quite complex. Either complementary genes or a gene plus a suppressor appeared to condition resistance to one race. Most genes gave resistance to only one race. The presence of Sr5, which Thatcher is known to have obtained from Kanred, was confirmed. Most of its many additional genes probably came from Iumillo durum wheat. Key words: Stem rust, Thatcher wheat, single seed descent

scholarly journals Analyzing Genetic Diversity for Virulence and Resistance Phenotypes in Populations of Stem Rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) and Winter Rye (Secale cereale)

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 1335-1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Miedaner ◽  
Ann-Kristin Schmitt ◽  
Bettina Klocke ◽  
Brigitta Schmiedchen ◽  
Peer Wilde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Resistance Breeding ◽  
The United States ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Leaf Segment ◽  
Winter Rye ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Rust Severity

Stem rust (Puccinia graminis f. sp. secalis) leads to considerable yield losses in rye-growing areas with continental climate, from Eastern Germany to Siberia. For implementing resistance breeding, it is of utmost importance to (i) analyze the diversity of stem rust populations in terms of pathotypes (= virulence combinations) and (ii) identify resistance sources in winter rye populations. We analyzed 323 single-uredinial isolates mainly collected from German rye-growing areas across 3 years for their avirulence/virulence on 15 rye inbred differentials. Out of these, 226 pathotypes were detected and only 56 pathotypes occurred more than once. This high diversity was confirmed by a Simpson index of 1.0, a high Shannon index (5.27), and an evenness index of 0.97. In parallel, we investigated stem rust resistance among and within 121 heterogeneous rye populations originating mainly from Russia, Poland, Austria, and the United States across 3 to 15 environments (location−year combinations). While German rye populations had an average stem rust severity of 49.7%, 23 nonadapted populations were significantly (P < 0.01) more resistant with a stem rust severity ranging from 3 to 40%. Out of these, two modern Russian breeding populations and two old Austrian landraces were the best harboring 32 to 70% fully resistant plants across 8 to 10 environments. These populations with the lowest disease severity in adult-plant stage in the field also displayed resistance in leaf segment tests. In conclusion, stem rust populations are highly diverse and the majority of resistances in rye populations seems to be race specific.

Virulence Characterization of Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae and Resistance of Oat Cultivars in China

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianya Li ◽  
Yiwei Xu ◽  
Xue Zhang ◽  
Xian Xin Wu ◽  
Yazhao Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Puccinia Graminis ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Oat Cultivars ◽  
First Time

Oat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. avenae (Pga), is one of the most devastating diseases of oat. The most cost-effective and eco-friendly strategy to control this disease is the use of resistant cultivars. However, P. graminis f. sp. avenae can overcome the resistance of cultivars by rapidly changing its virulence. Thus, information on the virulence of P. graminis f. sp. avenae populations and resistance of cultivars is critical to control the disease. The current study was conducted to monitor the virulence composition and dynamics in the P. graminis f. sp. avenae population in China and to evaluate resistance of oat cultivars. Oat leaves naturally infected by P. graminis f. sp. avenae were collected during 2018 and 2019 and 159 isolates were derived from single uredinia. The isolates were tested on 12 international differential lines, and eight races, TJJ, TBD, TJB, TJD, TJL, TJN, TGD, and TKN, were identified for the first time in China. The predominant race was TJD, virulent against Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, Pg4, Pg8, Pg9, and Pg15, accounting for 35.8% and 37.8% in 2018 and 2019, respectively. The sub-predominant races were TJN (30.2% in 2018, 28.3% in 2019) and TKN (20.8% in 2018, 12.3% in 2019). All isolates were virulent to Pg1, Pg2, Pg3, and Pg4, and avirulent to Pg6 and Pg16. The three predominant races (TJD, TJN, and TKN) were used to evaluate resistance in 30 Chinese oat cultivars at the seedling and adult-plant stages. Five cultivars, Bayan 1, Baiyan 2, Baiyan 3, Baiyan 5, and Baiyan 9, were highly resistant to the three races at both seedling and adult-plant stages. The results of the virulences and frequencies of P. graminis f. sp. avenae races and the resistant cultivars will be useful in understanding the pathogen migration and evolution and for breeding oat cultivars with stem rust resistance.

GENES FOR STEM RUST RESISTANCE IN WHEAT VARIETIES HOPE AND H-44

1971 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 186-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. R. Knott
Keyword(s):  
Plant Resistance ◽  
Stem Rust ◽  
Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant Resistance ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Stem Rust Resistance ◽  
Adult Plant ◽  
Wheat Varieties ◽  
Chromosome 3B

Tests were carried out to identify and locate the genes for resistance to races 15B-1L and 56 in Hope and H-44. The gene Sr1 which conditions resistance to race 56 was found to be either very closely linked or more probably allelic to Sr9. It is proposed that it be redesignated Sr9d. The gene Sr2 which conditions adult plant resistance to race 56 appears to be on chromosome 3B. The recessive gene conditioning resistance to race 15B-1L was identified as sr17 which is on chromosome 7B.

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