Genetic control of Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) in the Solanaceae based on trisomic and mutation analysis

Genome ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Johnston ◽  
R. E. Hanneman Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Endosperm Balance Number ◽  
Induced Mutation ◽  
Crossing Barriers

The genetic control of Endosperm Balance Number (EBN) was studied using trisomics and induced mutation. In order to induce and detect a change in a factor determining the EBN of the male, pollen from tetraploid Datura was irradiated and used to pollinate diploids. No triploids were produced in over 70 000 fertilizations. At least 70 would have been expected if the deletion of the function of a single gene could change the EBN. An attempt was made to find a particular chromosome that could alter the EBN of the female when it was present as the extra chromosome in 2x + 1 × 4x crosses. In tests of trisomics in both Datura and Solanum (potato) no chromosome could be found that changed the EBN. Therefore, it is concluded that more than one gene and more than one chromosome is involved in determining EBN. Key words : crossing barriers, endosperm, Datura, potato, speciation.

One-way crossing barriers in some interspecific crosses of Aigeiros and Tacamahaca poplars

1999 ◽  
Vol 75 (5) ◽  
pp. 833-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Louis Zsuffa ◽  
Dolly Lin ◽  
Peggy Payne
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Embryo Rescue ◽  
Interspecific Crosses ◽  
Crossing Barriers ◽  
Genetic Mechanisms ◽  
New Evidence

New evidence is described on one way crossing barriers between Aigeiros and Tacamahaca species, gained in experimental full-sib crosses. The technique of crosses and embryo rescue are described. In some crosses of questionable result, the embryo rescue was successful. The possible genetic mechanisms underlying the crossing barriers are discussed. Key words: Populus, hydridization, embryo rescue, crossing barriers

Recovery of a telomere-truncated chromosome via a compensating translocation in maize

Genome ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 184-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Gaeta ◽  
Tatiana V. Danilova ◽  
Changzeng Zhao ◽  
Rick E. Masonbrink ◽  
Morgan E. McCaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Transgene Expression ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Extra Chromosome ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
B Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosome 1 ◽  
Chromosome 6

Maize-engineered minichromosomes are easily recovered from telomere-truncated B chromosomes but are rarely recovered from A chromosomes. B chromosomes lack known genes, and their truncation products are tolerated and transmitted during meiosis. In contrast, deficiency gametes resulting from truncated A chromosomes prevent their transmission. We report here a de novo compensating translocation that permitted recovery of a large truncation of chromosome 1 in maize. The truncation (trunc-1) and translocation with chromosome 6 (super-6) occurred during telomere-mediated truncation experiments and were characterized using single-gene fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) probes. The truncation contained a transgene signal near the end of the broken chromosome and transmitted together with the compensating translocation as a heterozygote to approximately 41%–55% of progeny. Transmission as an addition chromosome occurred in ~15% of progeny. Neither chromosome transmitted through pollen. Transgene expression (Bar) cosegregated with trunc-1 transcriptionally and phenotypically. Meiosis in T1 plants revealed eight bivalents and one tetravalent chain composed of chromosome 1, trunc-1, chromosome 6, and super-6 in diplotene and diakinesis. Our data suggest that de novo compensating translocations allow recovery of truncated A chromosomes by compensating deficiency in female gametes and by affecting chromosome pairing and segregation. The truncated chromosome can be maintained as an extra chromosome or together with the super-6 as a heterozygote.

Photosensitive Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome is not caused by a single gene mutation: analysis of the gene encoding 7-dehydrocholesterol reductase in five U.K. families

2005 ◽  
Vol 153 (4) ◽  
pp. 774-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Anstey ◽  
R.M. Azurdia ◽  
L.E. Rhodes ◽  
A.D. Pearse ◽  
P.E. Bowden
Keyword(s):  
Gene Mutation ◽  
Mutation Analysis ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Single Gene Mutation ◽  
Opitz Syndrome ◽  
Gene Mutation Analysis

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF RADIATION SENSITIVITY IN SCHIZOSACCHAROMYCES POMBE

Genetics ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-582
Author(s):  
A Nasim ◽  
B P Smith
Keyword(s):  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Schizosaccharomyces Pombe ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Radiation Sensitivity ◽  
Cellular Repair ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
Radiation Induced

ABSTRACT Genetic analysis of a large number of radiation-sensitive mutants of S. pombe, isolated in different laboratories, showed that these isolates represent 22 non-allelic loci. The mutants were shown to fall into three distinct classes concerning response to UV and ionizing radiation, including two mutants which are primarily sensitive to ionizing radiation but not to UV. Single-gene mutants were crossed to obtain supersensitive double mutants. Such double mutants showed a marked increase in sensitivity to a variety of inactivating agents as compared to the parental strains. The isolation of three classes of radiation-sensitive mutants and the construction of double mutants implies the presence of multiple pathways in S. pombe for repair of radiation-induced damage. The bearing of these data on cellular repair mechanisms in eukaryotes is discussed.

scholarly journals GENETIC CONTROL OF PHOSPHORUS METABOLISM IN SHEEP

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 232-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. C. FIELD ◽  
J. A. WOOLLIAMS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Good Evidence ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Phosphorus Metabolism

Balance studies with chimaera-derived sheep have provided good evidence for genetic control of phosphorus metabolism. Plasma concentrations, urinary and endogenous fecal excretion and efficiencies of absorption of P were similar within but different between four sets of triplets. The results were confirmed with a larger group of chimaera. Key words: Chimaera, sheep, phosphorus, genetics, metabolism

Genetic control of a branching peduncle mutant of cow pea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.

1983 ◽  
Vol 100 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-475 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iyiola Fawole ◽  
N. O. Afolabi
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Normal Plant ◽  
Mutant Plant

SUMMARYA branching peduncle individual was observed in a population of cow pea Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. cv. Ife Brown. Normal plants have unbranched peduncles with flowers arranged in alternate pairs at distal ends of the peduncles. However, the mutant plant has branched peduncles with flowers arranged in pairs alternately along the branches as well as at the ends of the branches. The branches arise in the axils of stipulate trifoliate leaves which develop on the peduncles. The normal plant has between one and four pods per peduncle, whereas the mutant is capable of carrying between two and ten pods per peduncle. The branching trait is under genetic control, involving a single gene with the normal peduncle completely dominant over the mutant. Evidence for the genetic control and its possible usage is discussed. Data on some agronomic properties of the mutant are also presented.

scholarly journals Resistance to diet-induced obesity in mice with a single substituted chromosome

2008 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
David A. Buchner ◽  
Lindsay C. Burrage ◽  
Annie E. Hill ◽  
Soha N. Yazbek ◽  
William E. O'Brien ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Disease ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Insulin Resistant ◽  
Diet Induced Obesity ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Selected Traits

Obesity and its comorbidities are taking an increasing toll on human health. Key pathways that were identified with single gene variants in humans and model organisms have led to improved understanding and treatment of rare cases of human obesity. However, similar progress remains elusive for the more common multifactorial cases of metabolic dysfunction and disease. A survey of mouse chromosome substitution strains (CSSs) provided insight into the complex genetic control of diet-induced obesity and related conditions. We now report a survey of 60 traits related to obesity and metabolic syndrome in mice with a single substituted chromosome as well as selected traits measured in congenic strains derived from the substituted strain. We found that each strain that was resistant to diet-induced obesity had a distinct phenotype that uniquely modeled different combinations of traits related to metabolic disease. For example, the chromosome 6 CSS remained insulin resistant in the absence of obesity, demonstrating an atypical relationship between body weight and insulin resistance. These results provide insights into the genetic control of constant components of this mouse model of diet-induced metabolic disease as well as phenotypes that vary depending on genetic background. A better understanding of these genotype-phenotype relationships may enable a more individualized diagnosis and treatment of obesity and the metabolic syndrome.

THE GENETIC CONTROL OF SUNFLOWER SEED ACID PHOSPHATASE

1976 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 709-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew M. Torres ◽  
Ulrike Diedenhofen
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Linkage Group ◽  
Molecular Marker ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Genetic Control ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Genetic Studies

Genetic studies indicate that the acid phosphatase isozymes in seeds of the annual sunflower (Helianthus annuus) are specified by a single gene, Acp, having at least four codominant alleles, S, B, I and F. The enzyme is presumably dimeric. The polypeptide subunits in heterozygotes form an intragenic heterodimer in addition to two homodimers. Acp is not linked to either of the genes coding for seed alcohol dehydrogenase, Adh-1 and Adh-2, and these are not linked to each other. Acp therefore provides a molecular marker for a third sunflower linkage group. The estimated molecular weight of the intact, functional enzyme is about 95,000 daltons.

Production of a self-inhibitor of urediospore germination in Melampsora lini (flax rust) segregates as a recessive, single gene trait

1997 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael A. Ayliffe ◽  
Greg J. Lawrence ◽  
Jeff G. Ellis ◽  
Anthony J. Pryor
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Single Locus ◽  
Melampsora Lini ◽  
Sexual Hybrid

Two strains of Melampsora lini (flax rust) were identified that differed in their ability to produce a self-inhibitor of urediospore germination. Analysis of germination self-inhibitor production amongst 63 F2 progeny derived from a sexual hybrid of these two strains revealed segregation of this trait. Segregation of urediospore germination self-inhibitor production was consistent with single-locus control with inhibitor production being recessively inherited. Key words: rust, germination, spore, inhibitor.

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