scholarly journals Identification and comparison of individual chromosomes of three accessions of Hordeum chilense, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum by FISH

Genome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 387-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
Graham Moore ◽  
Azahara C. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Centromeric Region ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
Significant Polymorphism

Karyotypes of three accessions of Hordeum chilense (H1, H16, and H7), Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum were characterized by physical mapping of several repetitive sequences. A total of 14 repetitive sequences were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the aim of identifying inter- and intraspecies polymorphisms. The (AG)12 and 4P6 probes only produced hybridization signals in wheat, the BAC7 probe only hybridized to the centromeric region of H. vulgare, and the pSc119.2 probe hybridized to both wheat and H. chilense, but not to H. vulgare. The remaining repetitive sequences used in this study produced a hybridization signal in all the genotypes. Probes pAs1, pTa-535, pTa71, CCS1, and CRW were much conserved, showing no significant polymorphism among the genotypes studied. Probes GAA, (AAC)5, (CTA)5, HvT01, and pTa794 produced the most different hybridization pattern. We identified large polymorphisms in the three accessions of H. chilense studied, supporting the proposal of the existence of different groups inside species of H. chilense. The set of probes described in this work allowed the identification of every single chromosome in all three species, providing a complete cytogenetic karyotype of H. chilense, H. vulgare, and T. aestivum chromosomes, which could be useful in wheat and tritordeum breeding programs.

scholarly journals Identification and comparison of individual chromosomes of three Hordeum chilense accessions, Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum by FISH

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
Graham Moore ◽  
Azahara C. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Centromeric Region ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Single Chromosome ◽  
Hybridization Pattern ◽  
Significant Polymorphism

AbstractKaryotypes of three accessions of Hordeum chilense (H1, H16 and H7), Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum were characterized by physical mapping of several repetitive sequences. A total of fourteen repetitive sequences were used as probes for fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with the aim of identifying inter‐ and intra-species polymorphisms. The (AG)12 and 4P6 probes only produced hybridization signals in wheat, the BAC7 probe only hybridized to the centromeric region of H. vulgare, and the pSc119.2 probe hybridized to both wheat and H. chilense, but not to H. vulgare. The remaining repetitive sequences used in this study produced a hybridization signal in all the genotypes. Probes pAs1, pTa535, pTa71, CCS1 and CRW were much conserved, showing no significant polymorphism among the genotypes studied. Probes GAA, (AAC)5, (CTA)5, HvT01 and pTa794 produced the most different hybridization pattern. We identified large polymorphisms in the three accessions of H. chilense studied, supporting the proposal of the existence of different groups inside H. chilense species. The set of probes described in this work allowed the identification of every single chromosome in all three species, providing a complete cytogenetic karyotype of H. chilense, H. vulgare and T. aestivum chromosomes, useful in wheat and tritordeum breeding programs.

scholarly journals New ND-FISH-Positive Oligo Probes for Identifying Thinopyrum Chromosomes in Wheat Backgrounds

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (8) ◽  
pp. 2031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wei Xi ◽  
Zongxiang Tang ◽  
Shuyao Tang ◽  
Zujun Yang ◽  
Jie Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Breeding ◽  
Fish Analysis ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Gish And Fish

Thinopyrum has been widely used to improve wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars. Non-denaturing fluorescence in situ hybridization (ND-FISH) technology using oligonucleotides (oligo) as probes provides a convenient and efficient way to identify alien chromosomes in wheat backgrounds. However, suitable ND-FISH-positive oligo probes for distinguishing Thinopyrum chromosomes from wheat are lacking. Two oligo probes, Oligo-B11 and Oligo-pThp3.93, were designed according to the published Thinopyrum ponticum (Th. ponticum)-specific repetitive sequences. Both Oligo-B11 and Oligo-pThp3.93 can be used for ND-FISH analysis and can replace conventional GISH and FISH to discriminate some chromosomes of Th. elongatum, Th. intermedium, and Th. ponticum in wheat backgrounds. The two oligo probes provide a convenient way for the utilization of Thinopyrum germplasms in future wheat breeding programs.

scholarly journals Degradabilidad y estimación del consumo de forrajes y concentrados en alpacas (Vicugna pacos)

2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 429
Author(s):  
Alfonso Cordero F. ◽  
José Contreras P. ◽  
James Curasma C. ◽  
Miguel Tunque Q. ◽  
Daniel Enríquez Q.
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Vicugna Pacos

El estudio tuvo como objetivo evaluar los parámetros cinéticos de la degradación in situ de la materia seca (MS), proteína cruda (PC) y la estimación del consumo mediante ecuaciones de predicción de MS de forrajes y alimentos concentrados en alpacas Huacaya (Vicugna pacos). Se trabajó con ensilado de maíz chala (Zea mays L) sin y con 1% de urea, cebada (Hordeum vulgare L), avena (Avena sativa L), salvado de trigo (Triticum aestivum L) y raspa de papa (Solanum tuberosum). Los alimentos (5 g en base seca) fueron colocados en sacos de nylon e incubados en el primer compartimento estomacal de dos alpacas fistuladas durante 0, 6, 12, 24, 48 y 76 horas. Se analizó la MS y la PC de los residuos de los sacos. La MS y la PC del salvado de trigo y de la raspa de papa presentaron potenciales de degradación elevados, así como la MS y la PC de la avena. Se destaca la mayor fracción no degradable de la PC del maíz chala sin y con urea y, por tanto, una menor degradabilidad de la PC. Las estimaciones del consumo por las alpacas generadas por las ecuaciones de tres estudios no son adecuadas a los alimentos en estudio.

Identification of wheat and tritordeum chromosomes by genomic in situ hybridization using total Hordeum chilense DNA as probe

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1194-1200 ◽  
Author(s):  
M J González ◽  
A Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Chromosome Complement ◽  
Dna Probe ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
B Genome ◽  
A Genome ◽  
The Individual

Total genomic Hordeum chilense DNA probe was hybridized to somatic chromosome spreads of Triticum aestivum 'Chinese Spring' and to four advanced tritordeum lines, the latter being the fertile amphiploid between H. chilense and durum wheat (2n = 6x = 42, AABBHchHch). The probe hybridized strongly to the B-genome chromosomes and to one or two bands on the A-genome chromosomes present in both wheat and tritordeum alloploids. Bands on chromosomes 1D, 2D, and 7D from hexaploid wheat were also detected. Genomic H. chilense DNA probe identified 16 chromosome pairs of the chromosome complement of hexaploid wheat and all A- and B-genome chromosomes present in the tritordeum amphiploids. The in situ hybridization patterns observed correspond to those previously reported in wheat by both N-banding and in situ hybridization with the GAA-satellite sequence (Pedersen and Langridge 1997), allowing the identification of these chromosomes. Variation among the tritordeum amphiploids for hybridization sites on chromosomes 2A, 4A, 6A, 7A, 4B, 5B, and 7B was observed. Despite of this polymorphism, all lines shared the general banding pattern. When used as probe, total H. chilense genomic DNA labeled the H. chilense chromosomes over their lengths allowing the identification of 14 H. chilense chromosomes present in the tritordeum amphiploids. In addition, chromosome-specific telomeric, interstial, and centromeric hybridization sites were observed. These hybridization sites coincide with N-banded regions in H. chilense allowing the identification of the individual H. chilense chromosomes in one of the amphiploid. The N-banded karyotypes of H. chilense (accessions H1 and H7) are presented.Key words: Hordeum chilense, Triticum aestivum, chromosome identification, in situ hybridization, N-banding.

A core genetic map of Hordeum chilense and comparisons with maps of barley (Hordeum vulgare) and wheat (Triticum aestivum)

2001 ◽  
Vol 102 (8) ◽  
pp. 1259-1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hernández ◽  
G. Dorado ◽  
P. Prieto ◽  
M. J. Giménez ◽  
M. C. Ramírez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Genetic Map ◽  
Hordeum Chilense

St2-80: a new FISH marker for St genome and genome analysis in Triticeae

Genome ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 553-563 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long Wang ◽  
Qinghua Shi ◽  
Handong Su ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Lina Sha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Genome Analysis ◽  
Centromeric Region ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Terminal Region ◽  
Oligonucleotide Primer ◽  
Dot Blot ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Ploidy Levels

The St genome is one of the most fundamental genomes in Triticeae. Repetitive sequences are widely used to distinguish different genomes or species. The primary objectives of this study were to (i) screen a new sequence that could easily distinguish the chromosome of the St genome from those of other genomes by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and (ii) investigate the genome constitution of some species that remain uncertain and controversial. We used degenerated oligonucleotide primer PCR (Dop-PCR), Dot-blot, and FISH to screen for a new marker of the St genome and to test the efficiency of this marker in the detection of the St chromosome at different ploidy levels. Signals produced by a new FISH marker (denoted St2-80) were present on the entire arm of chromosomes of the St genome, except in the centromeric region. On the contrary, St2-80 signals were present in the terminal region of chromosomes of the E, H, P, and Y genomes. No signal was detected in the A and B genomes, and only weak signals were detected in the terminal region of chromosomes of the D genome. St2-80 signals were obvious and stable in chromosomes of different genomes, whether diploid or polyploid. Therefore, St2-80 is a potential and useful FISH marker that can be used to distinguish the St genome from those of other genomes in Triticeae.

Ultrastructure of Plant Leaf Tissue Infected with Mite-Borne Viral-Like Pathogens

1970 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 178-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. E. Bradfute ◽  
R. E. Whitmoyer ◽  
L. R. Nault
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare ◽  
Microscope Study ◽  
Electron Microscope Study ◽  
Leaf Tissue ◽  
Leaf Ultrastructure ◽  
Double Membrane ◽  
Aceria Tulipae

A pathogen transmitted by the eriophyid mite, Aceria tulipae, infects a number of Gramineae producing symptoms similar to wheat spot mosaic virus (1). An electron microscope study of leaf ultrastructure from systemically infected Zea mays, Hordeum vulgare, and Triticum aestivum showed the presence of ovoid, double membrane bodies (0.1 - 0.2 microns) in the cytoplasm of parenchyma, phloem and epidermis cells (Fig. 1 ).

scholarly journals Wheat, Rye, and Barley Genomes Can Associate during Meiosis in Newly Synthesized Trigeneric Hybrids

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 113
Author(s):  
María-Dolores Rey ◽  
Carmen Ramírez ◽  
Azahara C. Martín
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Segregation ◽  
Genome Duplication ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Aegilops Tauschii ◽  
Genomic In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Hordeum Chilense ◽  
Genomic Constitution ◽  
Chromosome Associations ◽  
High Level

Polyploidization, or whole genome duplication (WGD), has an important role in evolution and speciation. One of the biggest challenges faced by a new polyploid is meiosis, in particular, discriminating between multiple related chromosomes so that only homologs recombine to ensure regular chromosome segregation and fertility. Here, we report the production of two new hybrids formed by the genomes of species from three different genera: a hybrid between Aegilops tauschii (DD), Hordeum chilense (HchHch), and Secale cereale (RR) with the haploid genomic constitution HchDR (n = 7× = 21); and a hybrid between Triticum turgidum spp. durum (AABB), H. chilense, and S. cereale with the constitution ABHchR (n = 7× = 28). We used genomic in situ hybridization and immunolocalization of key meiotic proteins to establish the chromosome composition of the new hybrids and to study their meiotic behavior. Interestingly, there were multiple chromosome associations at metaphase I in both hybrids. A high level of crossover (CO) formation was observed in HchDR, which shows the possibility of meiotic recombination between the different genomes. We succeeded in the duplication of the ABHchR genome, and several amphiploids, AABBHchHchRR, were obtained and characterized. These results indicate that recombination between the genera of three economically important crops is possible.

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