Decoding ice plants: challenges associated with barcoding and phylogenetics in the diverse succulent family Aizoaceae

Genome ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (11) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robyn F. Powell ◽  
Anthony R. Magee ◽  
James S. Boatwright
Keyword(s):  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Relative Percentage ◽  
Barcoding Gap ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
Data Deficient

Aizoaceae is the largest succulent plant family in the world, including in excess of 1800 species. Despite its richness, a large proportion of its taxa are listed as data deficient and as such, has been identified as the top priority for taxonomic research in South Africa. Limitations to accurate taxonomic identification of taxa in the family may be partly attributed to the degree of technical knowledge required to identify taxa in the Aizoaceae. DNA barcoding may provide an alternative method of identification; however, the suitability of commonly used gene regions has not been tested in the family. Here, we analyse variable and parsimony informative characters (PIC), as well as the barcoding gap, in commonly used plastid regions (atpB-rbcL, matK, psbA-trnH, psbJ-petA, rpl16, rps16, trnD-trnT, trnL-trnF, trnQ-rps16, and trnS-trnG) and the nuclear region ITS (for Aizooideae only) across two subfamilies and two expanded clades within the Aizoaceae. The relative percentage of PIC was much greater in subfamilies Aizooideae and Mesembryanthemoideae than in Ruschioideae. Although nrITS had the highest percentage of PIC, barcoding gap analyses identified neither ITS nor any chloroplast region as suitable for barcoding of the family. From the results, it is evident that novel barcoding regions need to be explored within the Aizoaceae.

Genome size variation and endopolyploidy in the diverse succulent plant family Aizoaceae

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Robyn F Powell ◽  
Laura Pulido Suarez ◽  
Anthony R Magee ◽  
James S Boatwright ◽  
Maxim V Kapralov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genome Size ◽  
Size Variation ◽  
Cape Floristic Region ◽  
Genome Size Variation ◽  
Rapid Radiation ◽  
Plant Family ◽  
Succulent Plant ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Plant Families

Abstract Aizoaceae are one of the most diverse succulent plant families in the world, with c. 2 400 species, and they are a major component of the Greater Cape Floristic Region of South Africa. Despite this diversity, genome size (GS) has only been recorded in three of the c. 144 genera of Aizoaceae. This study provides the first comprehensive assessment of GS in the family with 109 genera measured (76% of genera). GS (2C) is conserved in Aizoaceae, varying from 0.54 to 6.34 pg (0.53–6.20 Gbp), with a mean of 2.6 pg. No significant differences between GS and the ecological and environmental traits tested were recovered. Infrageneric GS was explored in the most diverse stoneplant genus, Conophytum, and was found to be extremely conserved [0.98–2.24 pg (1C)]. Furthermore, the extent of endoreduplication in Conophytum was determined across 46 species. Leaf and flower tissues of Conophytum are highly polysomatic and ploidy states of 2C–64C were typically observed across the genus, with some instances of 128C. The relatively conserved and small GS measured across Aizoaceae and in Conophytum is possibly linked to the recent and rapid radiation of the family.

New records of elasmobranchs in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh: further taxonomic research is essential

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5027 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-230
Author(s):  
ALIFA BINTHA HAQUE ◽  
WILLIAM T. WHITE ◽  
RACHEL D. CAVANAGH ◽  
APARNA RITI BISWAS ◽  
NAZIA HOSSAIN
Keyword(s):  
Species Diversity ◽  
Bay Of Bengal ◽  
New Records ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Taxonomic Identification ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Research ◽  
Identification Techniques

To evaluate the species diversity and strengthen the taxonomic identification of elasmobranchs in the Bay of Bengal, Bangladesh, a study was conducted in the southeast coastal region between January 2016 and March 2018. Using morphological and genetic identification techniques, this study presents 22 species from the region. Thirteen of these are new records. The new records consist of eight species from the family Dasyatidae, and one each from Mobulidae, Rhinobatidae, Narcinidae, Hemiscylliidae and Triakidae. Furthermore, four occurrences are first verified reports, and five are potential new records requiring further taxonomic investigation.  

scholarly journals Die familie Asteraceae: ’n Algemene oorsig

2000 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
P. P. J. Herman
Keyword(s):  
Plant Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World

The family Asteraceae (the daisy family) is probably the largest plant family in the world. It is cosmopolitan in distribution and is economically important as many members are used for food, medicinal purposes, grazing for stock, or ornamentals, while some are troublesome weeds or poisonous to animals. The ‘flower ’is actually a collection of flowers grouped together to form a capitulum.

Mansfield Park

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Austen ◽  
Jane Stabler
Keyword(s):  
The Novel ◽  
Mansfield Park ◽  
Sexual Jealousy ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Face

‘Me!’ cried Fanny … ‘Indeed you must excuse me. I could not act any thing if you were to give me the world. No, indeed, I cannot act.’ At the age of ten, Fanny Price leaves the poverty of her Portsmouth home to be brought up among the family of her wealthy uncle, Sir Thomas Bertram, in the chilly grandeur of Mansfield Park. There she accepts her lowly status, and gradually falls in love with her cousin Edmund. When the dazzling and sophisticated Henry and Mary Crawford arrive, Fanny watches as her cousins become embroiled in rivalry and sexual jealousy. As the company starts to rehearse a play by way of entertainment, Fanny struggles to retain her independence in the face of the Crawfords’ dangerous attractions; and when Henry turns his attentions to her, the drama really begins… This new edition does full justice to Austen’s complex and subtle story, placing it in its Regency context and elucidating the theatrical background that pervades the novel.

Correcting a 135-year error: Limulidae Leach, 1819 (Chelicerata, Xiphosura) is the proper authority, not Limulidae Zittel, 1885

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Author(s):  
Philip M. Novack-Gottshall ◽  
Roy E. Plotnick
Keyword(s):  
Horseshoe Crab ◽  
Marine Species ◽  
Limulus Polyphemus ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Modern Genus

The horseshoe crab Limulus polyphemus (Linnaeus, 1758) is a famous species, renowned as a ‘living fossil’ (Owen, 1873; Barthel, 1974; Kin and Błażejowski, 2014) for its apparently little-changed morphology for many millions of years. The genus Limulus Müller, 1785 was used by Leach (1819, p. 536) as the basis of a new family Limulidae and synonymized it with Polyphemus Lamarck, 1801 (Lamarck's proposed but later unaccepted replacement for Limulus, as discussed by Van der Hoeven, 1838, p. 8) and Xyphotheca Gronovius, 1764 (later changed to Xiphosura Gronovius, 1764, another junior synonym of Limulus). He also included the valid modern genus Tachypleus Leach, 1819 in the family. The primary authority of Leach (1819) is widely recognized in the neontological literature (e.g., Dunlop et al., 2012; Smith et al., 2017). It is also the authority recognized in the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2021).

scholarly journals A World Through Glass: A Narrative Around the Family Experiences During the Confinement of COVID-19

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110249
Author(s):  
Gustavo González-Calvo ◽  
Marta Arias-Carballal
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Family Experiences ◽  
Emotional Burden ◽  
Outdoor Activities ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Narrative Methodology

COVID-19 was declared a pandemic in March 2020, and the world has witnessed significant changes since then. Spain has been forced to go into extreme lockdown, cancelling all school classes and outdoor activities for children. Our study explores how parents of a group of school children aged 7 to 8 years have experienced confinement due to the COVID-19 health crisis. Following a narrative methodology, the results have been organized around a story that takes as a reference the period of confinement for a mother and worker in times of confinement. The conclusions of our study suggest that participants have experienced significant changes in their routines, having faced numerous personal and professional dilemmas in a climate of great emotional burden. This study is the first of its kind in investigating how the COVID-19 pandemic has influenced the ways that children and their families live and its possible implications for their futures.

Familism and Ancestor Veneration: A Look at Chinese Funeral Rites

1996 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 503-517 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Yeo Carpenter
Keyword(s):  
First Generation ◽  
Living Organism ◽  
Psychological Trauma ◽  
Major Obstacle ◽  
Rite Of Passage ◽  
Ancestor Veneration ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
The Universe

Ancestor veneration remains a major obstacle to conversion among the Chinese the world over. While the issue often comes to a head over funeral rites, ancestor veneration cannot be understood in isolation. Rather one must look at the broader issues of the cult of the family, a tenet propagated by Confucius, putting loyalty to the family above every other claim including that of the gods or the state. There was also the influence of Taoism which sees the universe as a living organism co-existing in interdependence. The family then is not just a sociological unit, but also a metaphysical unit with ancestral spirits helping to keep the fragile balance which their descendants have with the rest of the universe and with other spirits. Finally, we must not forget that death is a psychological trauma and that living relatives often need a rite of passage to remember and to grieve for the dead. Ancestor veneration then is not a simple act that can be abolished by deciding which rituals in a funeral are biblical and which are not. Rather it is part of a complex web that needs to be understood in its totality. This paper, written by a Chinese and first-generation Christian, attempts to do that.

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