Effect of eccentric contraction velocity on muscle damage in repeated bouts of elbow flexor exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Barroso ◽  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
Carlos Ugrinowitsch ◽  
Rubens Araújo ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Contraction Velocity ◽  
Repeated Bout

Eccentric exercise induces muscle damage, but controversy exists concerning the effect of contraction velocity on the magnitude of muscle damage, and little is known about the effect of contraction velocity on the repeated-bout effect. This study examined slow (60°·s–1) and fast (180°·s–1) velocity eccentric exercises for changes in indirect markers of muscle damage following 3 exercise bouts that were performed every 2 weeks. Fifteen young men were divided into 2 groups based on the velocity of eccentric exercise: 7 in the Ecc60 (60°·s–1) group, and 8 in the Ecc180 (180°·s–1) group. The exercise consisted of 30 maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors at each velocity, in which the elbow joint was forcibly extended from 60° to 180° (full extension) on an isokinetic dynamometer. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, range of motion, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase activity before and for 4 days after the exercise were compared in the 2 groups using a mixed-model analysis (group × bout × time). No significant differences between groups were evident for changes in any variables following exercise bouts; however, the changes were significantly smaller (p < 0.05) after the second and third bouts than after the first bout. These results indicate that the contraction velocity does not influence muscle damage or the repeated-bout effect.

Power loss is attenuated following a second bout of high intensity eccentric contractions due to the repeated bout effect’s protection of rate of torque and velocity development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery Hinks ◽  
Adam Hess ◽  
Mathew I. B. Debenham ◽  
Jackey Chen ◽  
Nicole Mazara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Bout

High intensity unaccustomed eccentric contractions result in weakness and power loss due to fatigue and muscle damage. Through the repeated bout effect (RBE), adaptations occur, then damage and weakness are attenuated following a subsequent bout. However, it is unclear whether the RBE protects peak power output. We investigated the influence of the RBE on power production and estimated fatigue- and damage-induced neuromuscular impairments following repeated high-intensity eccentric contractions. Twelve healthy adult males performed 5 sets of 30 maximal eccentric elbow flexions and repeated an identical bout 4 weeks later. Recovery was tracked over 7 days following both bouts. Reduced maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque, and increased serum creatine kinase and self-reported soreness indirectly inferred muscle damage. Peak isotonic power, time-dependent measures—rate of velocity development (RVD) and rate of torque development (RTD)—and several electrophysiological indices of neuromuscular function were assessed. The RBE protected peak power, with a protective index of 66% 24 hours after the second eccentric exercise bout. The protection of power also related to preserved RVD (R2=0.61, P<0.01) and RTD (R2=0.39, P<0.01). Furthermore, the RBE’s protection against muscle damage permitted the estimation of fatigue-associated neuromuscular performance decrements following eccentric exercise. Novelty Bullets • The repeated bout effect protects peak isotonic power. • Protection of peak power relates to preserved rates of torque and velocity development, but more so rate of velocity development. • The repeated bout effect has little influence on indices of neuromuscular fatigue.

scholarly journals Intensity of eccentric exercise, shift of optimum angle, and the magnitude of repeated-bout effect

2007 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. 992-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Trevor C. Chen ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Paul Sacco
Keyword(s):  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Voluntary Contraction ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Significant Shift ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Optimum Angle ◽  
Arm Circumference ◽  
Angle Shift ◽  
Repeated Bout

This study compared the effect of four different intensities of initial eccentric exercise (ECC1) on optimum angle shift and extent of muscle damage induced by subsequent maximal eccentric exercise. Fifty-two male students were placed into 100%, 80%, 60%, or 40% groups ( n = 13 per group), performing 30 eccentric actions of the elbow flexors of 100%, 80%, 60%, or 40% of maximal isometric strength [maximal voluntary contraction (MVC)] for ECC1, followed 2–3 wk later by a similar exercise (ECC2) that used 100% MVC load. MVC at six elbow joint angles, range of motion, upper arm circumference, serum creatine kinase activity, myoglobin concentration, and muscle soreness were measured before and for 5 days following ECC1 and ECC2. A rightward shift of optimum angle following ECC1 was significantly ( P < 0.05) greater for the 100% and 80% than for the 60% and 40% groups, and it decreased significantly ( P < 0.05) from immediately to 5 days postexercise. By the time ECC2 was performed, only the 100% group kept a significant shift (4°). Changes in most of the criterion measures following ECC1 were significantly greater for the 100% and 80% groups compared with the 60% and 40% groups. Changes in the criterion measures following ECC2 were significantly ( P < 0.05) greater for the 40% group compared with other groups. Although the magnitude of repeated bout effect following ECC2 was significantly ( P < 0.05) smaller for the 40% and 60% groups, all groups showed significantly ( P < 0.05) reduced changes in criterion measures following ECC2 compared with the ECC1 100% bout. We conclude that the repeated-bout effect was not dependent on the shift of optimum angle.

scholarly journals Muscle damage and inflammation after eccentric exercise: can the repeated bout effect be removed?

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (12) ◽  
pp. e12648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikos V. Margaritelis ◽  
Anastasios A. Theodorou ◽  
Vasilios Baltzopoulos ◽  
Constantinos N. Maganaris ◽  
Vassilis Paschalis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Repeated Bout

scholarly journals Human alpha-actinin-3 genotype association with exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated-bout effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Venckunas ◽  
Albertas Skurvydas ◽  
Marius Brazaitis ◽  
Sigitas Kamandulis ◽  
Audrius Snieckus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Jumping Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Repeated Bout

Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is an integral part of the Z line of the sarcomere. The ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) polymorphism determines the presence or absence of functional ACTN3, which may influence the extent of exercise-induced muscle damage. This study aimed to compare the impact of, and recovery from, muscle-damaging eccentric exercise on subjects with or without functional ACTN3. Seventeen young men (20–33 years old), homozygous for the R (n = 9) or X (n = 8) alleles, performed two bouts of stretch–shortening exercise (50 drop jumps) two weeks apart. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, jump height, maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVC), peak concentric isokinetic torque (IT), and electrically stimulated knee extension torques at 20 and 100 Hz were measured at baseline and at a number of time points up to 14 days after each bout. There were no significant baseline differences between the groups. However, significant time point × genotype interactions were observed for MVC (p = 0.021) and IT (p = 0.011) for the immediate effect of eccentric exercise in bout 1. The RR group showed greater voluntary force decrements (RR vs. XX: MVC, –33.3% vs. –24.5%; IT, –35.9% vs. –23.2%) and slower recovery. A repeated-bout effect was clearly observed, but there were no differences by genotype group. The ACTN3 genotype modulates the response of muscle function to plyometric jumping exercise, although the differences are modest. The ACTN3 genotype does not influence the clearly observed repeated-bout effect; however, XX homozygotes recover baseline voluntary torque values faster and thus may be able to undertake more frequent training sesssions.

Acute Effects of Static Active or Dynamic Active Stretching on Eccentric-Exercise-Induced Hamstring Muscle Damage

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 346-352 ◽  
Author(s):  
Che-Hsiu Chen ◽  
Trevor C. Chen ◽  
Mei-Hwa Jan ◽  
Jiu-Jenq Lin
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Young Male ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Male Students ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Warm Up ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Hip Flexion

Objectives:To examine whether an acute bout of active or dynamic hamstring-stretching exercises would reduce the amount of muscle damage observed after a strenuous eccentric task and to determine whether the stretching protocols elicit similar responses.Design:A randomized controlled clinical trial.Methods:Thirty-six young male students performed 5 min of jogging as a warm-up and were allocated to 1 of 3 groups: 3 min of static active stretching (SAS), 3 min of dynamic active stretching (DAS), or control (CON). All subjects performed eccentric exercise immediately after stretching. Heart rate, core temperature, maximal voluntary isometric contraction, passive hip flexion, passive hamstring stiffness (PHS), plasma creatine kinase activity, and myoglobin were recorded at prestretching, at poststretching, and every day after the eccentric exercises for 5 d.Results:After stretching, the change in hip flexion was significantly higher in the SAS (5°) and DAS (10.8°) groups than in the CON (–4.1°) group. The change in PHS was significantly higher in the DAS (5.6%) group than in the CON (–5.7%) and SAS (–6.7%) groups. Furthermore, changes in muscle-damage markers were smaller in the SAS group than in the DAS and CON groups.Conclusions:Prior active stretching could be useful for attenuating the symptoms of muscle damage after eccentric exercise. SAS is recommended over DAS as a stretching protocol in terms of strength, hamstring range of motion, and damage markers.

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