scholarly journals Human alpha-actinin-3 genotype association with exercise-induced muscle damage and the repeated-bout effect

2012 ◽  
Vol 37 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomas Venckunas ◽  
Albertas Skurvydas ◽  
Marius Brazaitis ◽  
Sigitas Kamandulis ◽  
Audrius Snieckus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Jumping Exercise ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Torque Values ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Repeated Bout

Alpha-actinin-3 (ACTN3) is an integral part of the Z line of the sarcomere. The ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) polymorphism determines the presence or absence of functional ACTN3, which may influence the extent of exercise-induced muscle damage. This study aimed to compare the impact of, and recovery from, muscle-damaging eccentric exercise on subjects with or without functional ACTN3. Seventeen young men (20–33 years old), homozygous for the R (n = 9) or X (n = 8) alleles, performed two bouts of stretch–shortening exercise (50 drop jumps) two weeks apart. Muscle soreness, plasma creatine kinase (CK) activity, jump height, maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVC), peak concentric isokinetic torque (IT), and electrically stimulated knee extension torques at 20 and 100 Hz were measured at baseline and at a number of time points up to 14 days after each bout. There were no significant baseline differences between the groups. However, significant time point × genotype interactions were observed for MVC (p = 0.021) and IT (p = 0.011) for the immediate effect of eccentric exercise in bout 1. The RR group showed greater voluntary force decrements (RR vs. XX: MVC, –33.3% vs. –24.5%; IT, –35.9% vs. –23.2%) and slower recovery. A repeated-bout effect was clearly observed, but there were no differences by genotype group. The ACTN3 genotype modulates the response of muscle function to plyometric jumping exercise, although the differences are modest. The ACTN3 genotype does not influence the clearly observed repeated-bout effect; however, XX homozygotes recover baseline voluntary torque values faster and thus may be able to undertake more frequent training sesssions.

scholarly journals Repeated Bout Effect Was More Expressed in Young Adult Males Than in Elderly Males and Boys

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giedrius Gorianovas ◽  
Albertas Skurvydas ◽  
Vytautas Streckis ◽  
Marius Brazaitis ◽  
Sigitas Kamandulis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Adult Males ◽  
Elderly Males ◽  
Dependent Variables ◽  
Drop Jumps ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Repeated Bout

This study investigated possible differences using the same stretch-shortening exercise (SSE) protocol on generally accepted monitoring markers (dependent variables: changes in creatine kinase, muscle soreness, and voluntary and electrically evoked torque) in males across three lifespan stages (childhood versus adulthood versus old age). The protocol consisted of 100 intermittent (30 s interval between jumps) drop jumps to determine the repeated bout effect (RBE) (first and second bouts performed at a 2-week interval). The results showed that indirect symptoms of exercise-induced muscle damage after SSE were more expressed in adult males than in boys and elderly males, suggesting that the muscles of boys and elderly males are more resistant to exercise-induced damage than those of adult males. RBE was more pronounced in adult males than in boys and elderly males, suggesting that the muscles of boys and elderly males are less adaptive to exercise-induced muscle damage than those of adult males.

scholarly journals Influence of Maturation Status on Eccentric Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage and the Repeated Bout Effect in Females

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Ju Lin ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
Chih-Chiao Ho ◽  
Hsin-Lian Chen ◽  
Kuo-Wei Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Exercise Induced ◽  
Repeated Bout

Power loss is attenuated following a second bout of high intensity eccentric contractions due to the repeated bout effect’s protection of rate of torque and velocity development

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avery Hinks ◽  
Adam Hess ◽  
Mathew I. B. Debenham ◽  
Jackey Chen ◽  
Nicole Mazara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Power Loss ◽  
Peak Power ◽  
Eccentric Contractions ◽  
Peak Power Output ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Maximum Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Repeated Bout

High intensity unaccustomed eccentric contractions result in weakness and power loss due to fatigue and muscle damage. Through the repeated bout effect (RBE), adaptations occur, then damage and weakness are attenuated following a subsequent bout. However, it is unclear whether the RBE protects peak power output. We investigated the influence of the RBE on power production and estimated fatigue- and damage-induced neuromuscular impairments following repeated high-intensity eccentric contractions. Twelve healthy adult males performed 5 sets of 30 maximal eccentric elbow flexions and repeated an identical bout 4 weeks later. Recovery was tracked over 7 days following both bouts. Reduced maximum voluntary isometric contraction torque, and increased serum creatine kinase and self-reported soreness indirectly inferred muscle damage. Peak isotonic power, time-dependent measures—rate of velocity development (RVD) and rate of torque development (RTD)—and several electrophysiological indices of neuromuscular function were assessed. The RBE protected peak power, with a protective index of 66% 24 hours after the second eccentric exercise bout. The protection of power also related to preserved RVD (R2=0.61, P<0.01) and RTD (R2=0.39, P<0.01). Furthermore, the RBE’s protection against muscle damage permitted the estimation of fatigue-associated neuromuscular performance decrements following eccentric exercise. Novelty Bullets • The repeated bout effect protects peak isotonic power. • Protection of peak power relates to preserved rates of torque and velocity development, but more so rate of velocity development. • The repeated bout effect has little influence on indices of neuromuscular fatigue.

A contralateral repeated bout effect attenuates induction of NF-κB DNA binding following eccentric exercise

2014 ◽  
Vol 116 (11) ◽  
pp. 1473-1480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling Xin ◽  
Robert D. Hyldahl ◽  
Stuart R. Chipkin ◽  
Priscilla M. Clarkson
Keyword(s):  
Dna Binding ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Soreness ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Isokinetic Strength ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Dna Binding Activity ◽  
Muscle Biopsies ◽  
Repeated Bout

We investigated the existence of contralateral repeated bout effect and tested if the attenuation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB; an important regulator of muscle inflammation) induction following eccentric exercise is a potential mechanism. Thirty-one healthy men performed two bouts of knee extension eccentric exercise, initially with one leg and then with the opposite leg 4 wk later. Vastus lateralis muscle biopsies of both exercised and control legs were taken 3 h postexercise. Knee extension isometric and isokinetic strength (60°/sec and 180°/sec) were measured at baseline, pre-exercise, immediately postexercise, and 1/day for 5 days postexercise. Serum creatine kinase (CK) activity and muscle soreness were assessed at baseline and 1/day for 5 days postexercise. NF-κB (p65) DNA-binding activity was measured in the muscle biopsies. Isometric strength loss was lower in bout 2 than in bout 1 at 24, 72, and 96 h postexercise ( P < 0.05). Isokinetic strength (60°/s and 180°/s) was reduced less in bout 2 than in bout 1 at 72 h postexercise ( P < 0.01). There were no significant differences between bouts for postexercise CK activity or muscle soreness. p65 DNA-binding activity was increased following eccentric exercise (compared with the control leg) in bout 1 (122.9% ± 2.6%; P < 0.001) and bout 2 (109.1% ± 3.0%; P < 0.05). Compared with bout 1, the increase in NF-κB DNA-binding activity postexercise was attenuated after bout 2 ( P = 0.0008). Repeated eccentric exercise results in a contralateral repeated bout effect, which could be due to the attenuated increase in NF-κB activity postexercise.

Effect of eccentric contraction velocity on muscle damage in repeated bouts of elbow flexor exercise

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renato Barroso ◽  
Hamilton Roschel ◽  
Carlos Ugrinowitsch ◽  
Rubens Araújo ◽  
Kazunori Nosaka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Creatine Kinase Activity ◽  
Repeated Bout Effect ◽  
Full Extension ◽  
Maximal Voluntary Isometric Contraction ◽  
Mixed Model Analysis ◽  
Contraction Velocity ◽  
Repeated Bout

Eccentric exercise induces muscle damage, but controversy exists concerning the effect of contraction velocity on the magnitude of muscle damage, and little is known about the effect of contraction velocity on the repeated-bout effect. This study examined slow (60°·s–1) and fast (180°·s–1) velocity eccentric exercises for changes in indirect markers of muscle damage following 3 exercise bouts that were performed every 2 weeks. Fifteen young men were divided into 2 groups based on the velocity of eccentric exercise: 7 in the Ecc60 (60°·s–1) group, and 8 in the Ecc180 (180°·s–1) group. The exercise consisted of 30 maximal eccentric contractions of the elbow flexors at each velocity, in which the elbow joint was forcibly extended from 60° to 180° (full extension) on an isokinetic dynamometer. Changes in maximal voluntary isometric contraction strength, range of motion, muscle soreness, and plasma creatine kinase activity before and for 4 days after the exercise were compared in the 2 groups using a mixed-model analysis (group × bout × time). No significant differences between groups were evident for changes in any variables following exercise bouts; however, the changes were significantly smaller (p < 0.05) after the second and third bouts than after the first bout. These results indicate that the contraction velocity does not influence muscle damage or the repeated-bout effect.

Cellular adaptation to repeated eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage

2001 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 1669-1678 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Stupka ◽  
M. A. Tarnopolsky ◽  
N. J. Yardley ◽  
S. M. Phillips
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Eccentric Exercise ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Vastus Lateralis ◽  
Relative Magnitude ◽  
Knee Extension ◽  
Proteolytic Pathway ◽  
Exercise Induced

Eccentrically biased exercise results in skeletal muscle damage and stimulates adaptations in muscle, whereby indexes of damage are attenuated when the exercise is repeated. We hypothesized that changes in ultrastructural damage, inflammatory cell infiltration, and markers of proteolysis in skeletal muscle would come about as a result of repeated eccentric exercise and that gender may affect this adaptive response. Untrained male ( n = 8) and female ( n = 8) subjects performed two bouts ( bout 1and bout 2), separated by 5.5 wk, of 36 repetitions of unilateral, eccentric leg press and 100 repetitions of unilateral, eccentric knee extension exercises (at 120% of their concentric single repetition maximum), the subjects' contralateral nonexercised leg served as a control (rest). Biopsies were taken from the vastus lateralis from each leg 24 h postexercise. After bout 2, the postexercise force deficit and the rise in serum creatine kinase (CK) activity were attenuated. Women had lower serum CK activity compared with men at all times ( P < 0.05), but there were no gender differences in the relative magnitude of the force deficit. Muscle Z-disk streaming, quantified by using light microscopy, was elevated vs. rest only after bout 1 ( P< 0.05), with no gender difference. Muscle neutrophil counts were significantly greater in women 24 h after bout 2 vs. rest and bout 1 ( P < 0.05) but were unchanged in men. Muscle macrophages were elevated in men and women after bout 1 and bout 2 ( P < 0.05). Muscle protein content of the regulatory calpain subunit remained unchanged whereas ubiquitin-conjugated protein content was increased after both bouts ( P < 0.05), with a greater increase after bout 2. We conclude that adaptations to eccentric exercise are associated with attenuated serum CK activity and, potentially, an increase in the activity of the ubiquitin proteosome proteolytic pathway.

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