Borehole penetration and expansion devices for ice testing

1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branko Ladanyi
Keyword(s):  
Special Kind ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Pilot Hole ◽  
Expansion Test ◽  
Sharp Cone

The paper presents two methods for in situ testing of strength and creep properties of ice, together with their theoretical interpretation and typical results. The two methods which are relatively new in this area of application, are the stress-controlled cone penetration test (CPT), and the sharp cone test (SCT). The CPT has been shown in the last few years to be an excellent tool for both ice quality profiling and ice creep and strength properties determination. The test can be used for penetrating vertically through an ice sheet, or laterally into an ice wall in a trench. The SCT is a special kind of borehole-expansion test. The method consists in pushing a smooth, low-angle, conical indentor into a predrilled conical portion of a borehole, which ends with a smaller diameter pilot hole. The creep properties of ice are then deduced from the relationship between the applied load, time, and cone penetration, which is directly related to the hole expansion. Key words: ice, creep, strength, in situ testing, cone penetration, borehole expansion, sharp cone.

Sharp cone testing of creep properties of frozen sand

1992 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Ladanyi ◽  
J. Sgaoula
Keyword(s):  
Field Testing ◽  
Frozen Soil ◽  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
Frozen Sand ◽  
Cone Field ◽  
Sharp Cone ◽  
Constant Axial Load

The paper describes a new field testing method, called the sharp cone test, intended for in situ determination of creep properties of frozen soils and ice. The method consists of pushing a smooth, low-angle, cone into a predrilled conical portion of a borehole. The creep properties of the material are determined by applying a constant axial load on the cone, and by observing its time-dependent axial displacement as it penetrates and enlarges the conical hole. The paper describes the test, gives its theoretical interpretation, and shows the results of a series of tests carried out in a frozen sand. Key words : frozen soil, ice, sharp cone, field testing, creep properties.

In situ testing and its application to foundation engineering

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 573-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. K. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Test Methods ◽  
Load Test ◽  
Foundation Engineering ◽  
Penetration Test ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Specific Test ◽  
Pressuremeter Test ◽  
In Situ Test

The status of in situ testing and its application to foundation engineering are presented and discussed. The in situ test methods are discussed within the framework of three groups: logging, specific, and combined test methods. The major logging test methods discussed are standard penetration test (SPT), cone penetration test (CPT), and the flat plate dilatometer test (DMT). The major specific test methods discussed are the prebored pressuremeter test (PMT), the self-bored pressuremeter test (SBPMT), and the screw plate load test (SPLT). Discussion is also presented on recent tests that combine features of logging tests (using the CPT) and specific tests (e.g. the seismic, the electrical resistivity/dielectric, and the lateral stress sensing cone penetration tests). A brief discussion is also presented on the applicability, as perceived by the author, of existing in situ test methods and the future of in situ testing applied to foundation engineering. Key words: in situ testing, foundation engineering, penetration testing, pressuremeter.

Full-displacement pressuremeter testing in sand

1985 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 298-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. O. Hughes ◽  
P. K. Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Theoretical Background ◽  
Stress Conditions ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
Expansion Phase ◽  
Penetration Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration Testing ◽  
Alternative Approach

An alternative approach to pressuremeter testing in sand, where the pressuremeter is pushed closed-ended, is discussed. Observations from cone penetration testing in sands are used to provide a theoretical background to the expected stress conditions around a full-displacement pressuremeter probe pushed into sand. The anticipated stress paths followed during the pressure expansion phase of the test are discussed. Data from both self-boring and full-displacement pressuremeter tests in sand are presented to support some of the suggested theoretical background. Key words: pressuremeter testing, in situ testing, sand.

Interpretation of in situ test results from the CANLEX sites

2000 ◽  
Vol 37 (3) ◽  
pp. 505-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
C E (Fear) Wride ◽  
P K Robertson ◽  
K W Biggar ◽  
R G Campanella ◽  
B A Hofmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Shear Wave ◽  
Wave Velocity ◽  
Shear Wave Velocity ◽  
Soil Liquefaction ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Cone Penetration ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Cone Penetration Tests ◽  
Penetration Tests

One of the primary objectives of the Canadian Liquefaction Experiment (CANLEX) project was to evaluate in situ testing techniques and existing interpretation methods as part of the overall goal to focus and coordinate Canadian geotechnical expertise on the topic of soil liquefaction. Six sites were selected by the CANLEX project in an attempt to characterize various deposits of loose sandy soil. The sites consisted of a variety of soil deposits, including hydraulically placed sand deposits associated with the oil sands industry, natural sand deposits in the Fraser River Delta, and hydraulically placed sand deposits associated with the hard-rock mining industry. At each site, a target zone was selected and various in situ tests were performed. These included standard penetration tests, cone penetration tests, seismic downhole cone penetration tests (giving shear wave velocity measurements), geophysical (gamma-gamma) logging, and pressuremeter testing. This paper describes the techniques used in the in situ testing program at each site and presents a summary and interpretation of the results.Key words: CANLEX, in situ testing, shear wave velocity, geophysical logging, pressuremeter.

scholarly journals Instrumented Impact Cone Penetrometer

1973 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 397-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umesh Dayal ◽  
John H. Allen
Keyword(s):  
Field Tests ◽  
Strength Properties ◽  
Experimental Program ◽  
Cone Penetrometer ◽  
Test Results ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Penetration Mechanism ◽  
Side Friction ◽  
Local Side

The present paper describes the development of an instrumented impact cone penetrometer for a direct measurement of in situ strength properties of a soil target. The developed penetrometer, in addition to providing acceleration signatures (as obtained by previous investigators), is capable of recording cone thrust and local side friction simultaneously and continuously. The procedures have been outlined for estimating in situ strength properties and soil type of the target materials throughout the penetrated depth from the output records of these sensors. Typical test results generated from an on-going experimental program aimed at providing the data for (1) understanding the penetration mechanism, (2) development of penetration theory, and (3) designing the penetrometer for field tests, i.e. in situ testing of ocean floor soils, are also presented.

In situ determination of creep properties of sea ice with the pressuremeter

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Murat ◽  
B. Ladanyi ◽  
P. Huneault
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Data Acquisition System ◽  
Data Interpretation ◽  
Stress Redistribution ◽  
In Situ Testing ◽  
Creep Properties ◽  
New Procedures ◽  
Proper Consideration

A series of pressuremeter creep and relaxation tests was carried out in the spring of 1987 in a sea-ice cover at Igloolik, Northwest Territories, for the purpose of testing some new procedures for in situ determination of creep properties of sea ice. Compared with a similar field study carried out 9 years earlier, the present investigation included some clear improvements, not only in the instrumentation and data acquisition system but also in the data interpretation and processing. In particular, it is shown that consistent values of creep parameters can be obtained only if proper consideration is made of the amount of stress redistribution taking place before and during each new load application. Key words: in situ testing, pressuremeter, sea ice, creep properties, stress redistribution.

scholarly journals Chromium bioavailability in aquatic systems impacted by tannery wastewaters. Part 2: New insights from laboratory and in situ testing with Chironomus riparius Meigen (Diptera, Chironomidae)

2019 ◽  
Vol 653 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
B.J.D. Ferrari ◽  
D.A.L. Vignati ◽  
J.-L. Roulier ◽  
M. Coquery ◽  
E. Szalinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chironomus Riparius ◽  
Aquatic Systems ◽  
In Situ Testing
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