Inorganic ion content of fungal mycelia and spores

1974 ◽  
Vol 20 (7) ◽  
pp. 935-936 ◽  
Author(s):  
David K. Dalby ◽  
William D. Gray
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Penicillium Roqueforti ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Penicillium Claviforme ◽  
Fungal Mycelia

Inorganic ion analyses were made on the mycelia and spores of five fungi: Linderina pennispora, Aspergillus niger, Spicaria elegans, and Penicillium claviforme and Penicillium roqueforti. The concentration of mineral elements in spores and mycelia of the five fungi varied with each element. The amount of Cu was consistently higher in spores than in mycelia. Zinc concentrations were higher in mycelia than in spores with the exception of A. niger. The concentration of Mg was higher in mycelia than in spores of the five species with the exception of L. pennispora. As with Mg, K concentrations varied considerably.

scholarly journals cAMP activates the sodium pump in cultured cells of the elasmobranch rectal gland.

1992 ◽  
Vol 2 (10) ◽  
pp. 1523-1528
Author(s):  
S Lear ◽  
B J Cohen ◽  
P Silva ◽  
C Lechene ◽  
F H Epstein
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Squalus Acanthias ◽  
Rectal Gland ◽  
Dibutyryl Camp ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Electron Probe Analysis ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Shark Rectal Gland

The inorganic ion content of rectal gland cells cultured from Squalus acanthias was studied by electron probe analysis in order to determine the effect of stimulation by cAMP. Cell sodium was reduced by 30% (P less than 0.01) at 8 min after exposure to dibutyryl cAMP and theophylline and remained low at 25 and 33 min. Chloride content also fell significantly with stimulation. Although cAMP may activate several transport sites, the results are consistent with a direct effect of stimulation to increase the activity of the sodium pump in shark rectal gland.

scholarly journals Effects of Salt Stress on Growth and Inorganic Ion Distribution in Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis Roem. Seedlings

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (8) ◽  
pp. 1152-1156
Author(s):  
Ana Bian ◽  
Dongming Pan
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Ion Distribution ◽  
Narcissus Tazetta ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Young Leaves ◽  
Spray Treatment

Narcissus tazetta L. var. chinensis Roem. seedlings were subjected to substrate salinity and salt spray during greenhouse cultivation. The results demonstrated that N. tazetta L. seedlings treated with substrate salinity and salt spray exhibited slower growth rates than the control group. The sedimentation of Na+ and Cl− was primarily observed in the leaf apex, which was consistent with the location of lesions induced by salt stress. Under the two methods of salt stress, the mass fraction of ash in the leaf was significantly higher than that in the control group (P < 0.05). The sedimentation of Na+ and Cl− was mostly distributed in young leaves in the salt spray treatment, whereas the sedimentation was mostly distributed in old leaves under substrate salinity. There was a significant positive correlation between contents of Na+ and Cl− under the two methods of salt stress (P < 0.01). Not only the mass concentrations of Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, and Cl− in the seedlings exhibited variation, but also the distribution of mineral elements in the seedlings changed after both salt stress treatments. Moreover, the ratio of K+/Na+ under salt spray was greater than that under substrate salinity at the 300 mm NaCl treatment level. These results show that ion toxicity in N. tazetta L. seedlings was more serious under substrate salinity than under salt spray.

Isosmotic Regulation in Various Tissues of the Diamondback Terrapin Malaclemys Centrata Centrata (Latreille)

1973 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
M. GILLES-BAILLIEN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Osmotic Pressure ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Inorganic Ions ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Diamondback Terrapin ◽  
Ion Content ◽  
Inorganic Ion ◽  
Total Amino Acid Content

1. Osmotic adjustment is achieved by blood and intracellular fluids in the diamond-back terrapin when acclimatized either to fresh water or to sea water. 2. The muscle adjusts its composition to a higher blood osmotic pressure by greater concentrations in ammonia, in taurine and in urea and to a lesser extent in all amino acids (aspartate excepted). The inorganic ion content is not affected. 3. In the bladder mucosa ammonia, taurine and all amino acids are more concentrated in sea-water animals. But essentially urea is responsible for the higher osmotic pressure. Of the inorganic ions only potassium shows a (slight) increase in sea-water animals. 4. In the colon mucosa there is a slight increase in the total amino acid content, in the concentrations of sodium and chloride, and a larger increase in urea. 5. In the jejunum mucosa the concentrations of amino acids, urea and K are much higher in sea-water animals. 6. The results are discussed within the framework of isosmotic regulation of intracellular fluids.

Effect of acetate on hepatic inorganic ion content

1988 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-578
Author(s):  
WILLIAM L. GITOMER ◽  
RICHARD L. VEECH
Keyword(s):  
Ion Content ◽  
Inorganic Ion

Musty Aroma Compounds Produced by Selected Molds and Actinomycetes on Agar and Whole Wheat Bread

1986 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 964-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
NATHOLYN D. HARRIS ◽  
CAROL KARAHADIAN ◽  
ROBERT C. LINDSAY
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Aroma Compounds ◽  
Wheat Bread ◽  
Aroma Compound ◽  
Penicillium Roqueforti ◽  
Odor Quality ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Whole Wheat Bread ◽  
Fruity Odor

Musty aroma compounds produced by cultures of Streptomycetes odorifer, Streptomycetes griscus, Penicillium roqueforti, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, and Botrytis cineria when grown on agar and whole wheat bread were isolated and identified using headspace entrainment and GC–MS analysis. Actinomycete cultures produced the most intense musty aromas, which were attributed to the presence of 2-methylisoborneol and geosmin, whereas P. roqueforti and B. cineria cultures produced an overall musty-fruity odor quality caused by the combination of 2-methylisoborneol and 8-carbon alcohols and ketones. Several musty compounds in the cultures were not identified including an intensely musty, cat-like aroma compound produced by A. flavus. Seven musty aroma-type categories are proposed to assist in defining musty taints produced by microorganisms in food and feedstuffs.

Organic matter and chemical element dynamics in an aspen woodland soil

1979 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-463 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Daniel Lousier ◽  
Dennis Parkinson
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Spatial Dynamics ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Soil Layers ◽  
Organic Layers ◽  
Profile Depth ◽  
Zinc Concentrations ◽  
Limited Input Data

Temporal and spatial dynamics of organic matter and mineral elements were studied in an aspen woodland floor in southwestern Alberta, Canada. The average depths of the layers comprising the organic horizon were as follows: L, 0–2 cm; F, 2–4 cm; H, 4–7 cm; and Ah, 7–8 cm. The average annual amounts of organic matter in the soil layers were the following: L, 10.3 × 103 kg ha−1 (range 8.0–16.4); F, 18.2 × 103 kg ha−1 (13.2–24.5); H, 31.5 × 103 kg ha−1 (24.0–40.4); and Ah, 4.2 × 103 kg ha−1 (3.8–5.0); the total weight of soil organic matter was 64.2 × 103 kg ha−1 (49.0–86.3). The H layer accounted for 50% of the soil organic matter; total soil organic matter, to a depth of 8 cm, constituted about 0.30 of the total living above-ground plant biomass. There were no evident statistically significant seasonal fluctuations of organic matter in any of the organic layers; the turnover rate of the soil organic matter was 0.08 year−1 and the mean residence time was 12.5 years.The concentrations of Ca, Mg, P, and N generally decreased with profile depth, while K, Fe, Mn, and Na increased in concentration. Zinc concentrations showed no obvious trend but it did appear that Zn might be concentrated in the F and Ah layers. The orders of abundance of elements in the soil layers were as follows: L,  Ca > N > K > Mg > P > Fe > Zn > Mn > Na > Cu; F, Ca > N > Mg > K > Fe > P > Zn > Mn > Na > Cu; H, Ca > N > Fe > K > Mg > P> Na > Mn > Zn > Cu; Ah, Fe > N > K > Ca > Na > Mg > P > Mn > Zn > Cu; total, Ca > N > Fe > K > Mg > Na > P > Mn > Zn > Cu. Maximum weights of Ca, N, Mg, and P were found in the H layer, whereas K, Fe, Zn, Mn, Na, and Cu were most abundant in the Ah. There was some indication that the amounts of some elements fluctuated positively or negatively with rainfall and (or) soil moisture levels. Based on limited input data for the elements, turnover times were calculated and compared with literature values.

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