Spiroplasma associated with flowers of the tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.)

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (8) ◽  
pp. 954-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Honey Bee ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Viscous Media ◽  
Freely Suspended ◽  
Deformation Tests ◽  
Tulip Tree

Spiroplasmas were isolated and cultivated from nonsurface-sterilized petals and bracts excised from flowers of Liriodendron tulipifera L. (tulip tree) in Anne Arundel, Charles, and Prince George's Counties in Maryland, and East Lyme County, Connecticut. All isolates grew at 30 and at 37 °C. Morphology of colonies on solid agar (1%) medium containing serum differed among isolates: some isolates formed highly diffuse, barely visible colonies; others formed distinct colonies with granular centers surrounded by minute surface or submerged 'satellite' colonies. Cellular morphology and motility of organisms in broth and in agar culture were typical of the spiroplasmas pathogenic in plants and insects. In viscous media containing methylcellulose, spiroplasmas freely suspended in the medium swam, and organisms in contact with glass slide or coverslip "crawled" across the solid surface. Growth inhibition, metabolic inhibition, and organism deformation tests failed to reveal a serologic relationship between spiroplasma strain 23-6 from tulip tree flowers and spiroplasma strain AS 576 from honey bee.

Spiroplasmas: serological grouping of strains associated with plants and insects

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 861-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Davis ◽  
I.-M. Lee ◽  
L. K. Basciano
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Spiroplasma Citri ◽  
Cross Reactions ◽  
Corn Stunt ◽  
Corn Stunt Spiroplasma ◽  
Deformation Tests ◽  
Tulip Tree

Spiroplasma strains from plant and arthropod hosts, and from surfaces of flowers, were classified into three serological groups (designated I, II, and III) based on results from growth-inhibition tests. No significant cross reactions were observed among groups. The groupings were confirmed by ring-interface precipitin and microprecipitin tests, using membrane preparations as test antigens, and by organism-deformation tests. Serogroup I contained three subgroups: subgroup A (Spiroplasma citri strains Maroc R8A2 and C 189), subgroup B (strain AS 576 and closely related strains from honeybee or flowers), and subgroup C (corn stunt spiroplasma strains). Serogroup II contained strains 23-6 and 27-31 isolated from flowers of the tulip tree (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) growing in Maryland. Serogroup III contained strains SR 3 and SR 9 isolated from flowers of the tulip tree growing in Connecticut. The subgroups of serogroup I were based on organism deformation, microprecipitin, and ring-interface precipitin tests. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that the three serogroups represent no less than three distinct spiroplasma species.

scholarly journals Sorting Liquid Droplets by Surface Tension Using Devices with Quasi-Superamphiphobic Coatings

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 820 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ping Zhang ◽  
Di Fan ◽  
Xiu-Zhi Bai ◽  
Cheng-Xing Cui ◽  
Jun Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Glass Slide ◽  
Liquid Droplets ◽  
Surface Tensions ◽  
Coated Nanoparticles ◽  
Tilting Angle ◽  
Time Distance ◽  
Alcoholic Strength

Any solid surface with homogenous or varying surface energy can spontaneously show variable wettability to liquid droplets with different or identical surface tensions. Here, we studied a glass slide sprayed with a quasi-superamphiphobic coating consisting of a hexane suspension of perfluorosilane-coated nanoparticles. Four areas on the glass slide with a total length of 7.5 cm were precisely tuned via ultraviolet (UV) irradiation, and droplets with surface tensions of 72.1–33.9 mN m−1 were categorized at a tilting angle of 3°. Then, we fabricated a U-shaped device sprayed with the same coating and used it to sort the droplets more finely by rolling them in the guide groove of the device to measure their total rolling time and distance. We found a correlation between ethanol content/surface tension and rolling time/distance, so we used the same device to estimate the alcoholic strength of Chinese liquors and to predict the surface tension of ethanol aqueous solutions.

scholarly journals In Vitro Effect ofZingiber officinaleExtract on Growth ofStreptococcus mutansandStreptococcus sanguinis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arash Azizi ◽  
Shabnam Aghayan ◽  
Saeed Zaker ◽  
Mahdieh Shakeri ◽  
Navid Entezari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Infections ◽  
Culture Medium ◽  
Zingiber Officinale ◽  
Bacterial Suspension ◽  
Tooth Decay ◽  
Agar Culture ◽  
Solid Agar ◽  
Vitro Effect ◽  
Serial Dilutions

Background and Objectives. Tooth decay is an infectious disease of microbial origin. Considering the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance due to their overuse and also their side effects, medicinal plants are now considered for use against bacterial infections. This study aimed to assess the effects of different concentrations ofZingiber officinaleextract on proliferation ofStreptococcus mutansandStreptococcus sanguinisin vitro.Materials and Methods. In this experimental study, serial dilutions of the extract were prepared in two sets of 10 test tubes for each bacterium (total of 20). Standard amounts of bacterial suspension were added; 100ƛof each tube was cultured on prepared solid agar plates and incubated at 37°C for 24 hours. Serial dilutions of the extract were prepared in another 20 tubes and 100ƛof each tube was added to blood agar culture medium while being prepared. The mixture was transferred to the plates. The bacteria were inoculated on plates and incubated as described.Results. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was 0.02 mg/mL forS. mutansand 0.3 mg/mL forS. sanguinis. The minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 0.04 mg forS. mutansand 0.6 mg forS. sanguinis.Conclusion.Zingiber officinaleextract has significant antibacterial activity againstS. mutansandS. sanguiniscariogenic microorganisms.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the tulip tree aphid (Illinoia liriodendri Monell, 1879 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Hungary

2011 ◽  
pp. 93-96
Author(s):  
András Bozsik
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Liriodendron Tulipifera ◽  
Short Report ◽  
Tree Leaves ◽  
Sooty Mould ◽  
First Time ◽  
Illinoia Liriodendri ◽  
Tulip Tree

The genus Illinoia is found primarily in North America. Illinoia liriodendri (Monell, 1879), the tulip tree aphid, has been observed and caught for the first time in Hungary. Nymphs, apterous and alate viviparous females in colonies of I. liriodendri were found on a tulip tree, Liriodendron tulipifera L. (Magnoliaceae), in Debrecen, Hungary. Tulip tree aphid feeds on the underside of tulip tree leaves. The consequences of this are honeydew and associated black sooty mould causing a mess – in countries where the tulip tree is native or abundant - for walking people and parked cars. A short report is presented here on the discovery in Hungary and characteristics of this aphid.

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