Differentiation of Rhizobium japonicum strain derivatives by antibiotic sensitivity patterns, lectin binding, and utilization of biochemicals

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 606-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael C. Meyer ◽  
Steven G. Pueppke
Keyword(s):  
Parental Strain ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Utilization Patterns ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Derivatives Of ◽  
Soybean Lectin

Several strains of Rhizobium japonicum have been reported to consist of mixtures of stable derivatives having distinct colony morphologies and physiological characteristics. We isolated derivatives from strains of R. japonicum and systematically compared them with previously isolated derivatives with respect to the utilization of biochemicals, antibiotic sensitivity, and soybean lectin binding. With the exception of a pair of derivatives from 3I1b 110, one of which utilized pyruvate and one of which did not, sibling derivatives had essentially identical biochemical utilization patterns. The sibling derivatives of parental strains 3I1b 110 and 3I1b 140 exhibited marked variation in their sensitivities to several antibiotics, including gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole, and tetracycline. Compared with the derivatives with small colony morphology, derivatives with large colony morphology were in general more sensitive to these antibiotics. With one exception, the binding of soybean lectin to the derivatives was quantitatively the same as that to the parental strain. The anomaly was 110-Y which, in contrast to its parental strain and sibling derivatives, failed to bind detectable amounts of the lectin. 110-Y, as well as all the other derivatives and parental strains, nodulated Disoy soybean.

Rhizobitoxine production by and nodulation characteristics of colony-type derivatives of Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 76

1988 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1017-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey S. La Favre ◽  
Adrienne K. La Favre ◽  
Allan R. J. Eaglesham
Keyword(s):  
Bradyrhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
Broth Culture ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Major Function ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Derivatives Of

Bradyrhizobium japonicum strain USDA 76, a rhizobitoxine producer, was found to contain two colony types, designated "small" and "large" based on colony size on agar medium. Only the small type produced detectable chlorosis-inducing toxin in culture, whereas both colony types induced chlorosis as a result of synthesis of toxin in nodules. Electron microscopy revealed that a large colony derivative, grown in broth culture, was encapsulated, whereas a small colony derivative was not, suggesting a negative functional relationship between toxin synthesis and presence of capsule. The large type also had a ruthenium red reactive extracellular layer when cultured in the soybean rhizosphere. This differential production of toxin by the colony derivatives in culture, and presumably in the rhizosphere, prompted the investigation of a proposed role of rhizobitoxine in the infection of roots of nodulation-refractory (rj1rj1) soybean; the small colony type formed fewer nodules on the (rj1rj1) isoline, indicating no major function for rhizobitoxine in the infection of (rj1rj1) soybean.

Comparison of colony morphology, salt tolerance, and effectiveness in Rhizobium japonicum

1977 ◽  
Vol 23 (9) ◽  
pp. 1118-1122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert G. Upchurch ◽  
Gerald H. Elkan
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Colony Type ◽  
Large Colony ◽  
Small Colony

Four strains of Rhizobium japonicum, two of which produce slimy and non-slimy colony types and two others which produce large and small colony types, were isolated and cloned. All were infective and nodulated Lee soybean host plants. Each colony type was characterized as to its salt sensitivity to Na+ and K+ ions, relative level of symbiotic nitrogen fixation, and relative level of free-living nitrogen fixation. Growth studies performed in the presence of salts demonstrated that the non-slimy or small colony types were sensitive to salt with significantly depressed growth rates and cell yields. Growth rates and cell yields of slimy, large, colony types were relatively unaffected by salt. Both symbiotic and free-living (non-associative) nitrogen fixation analyses (by acetylene reduction) revealed that the non-slimy, small colonies were significantly more effective than slimy, large colonies.

Interaction of lectins from soybean and peanut with rhizobia that nodulate soybean, peanut, or both plants

1980 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1489-1497 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven G. Pueppke ◽  
Tom G. Freund ◽  
Brent C. Schulz ◽  
Harvey P. Friedman
Keyword(s):  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Lectin Receptors ◽  
Affinity Constants ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea L ◽  
Soybean Rhizobia ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Lectin ◽  
Rhizobium Sp ◽  
Lectin Binding Sites

Four of 14 strains of Rhizobium japonicum from soybean nodulated peanut (Arachis hypogaea L. cultivar Jumbo Virginia), and 3 of 8 Rhizobium sp. strains from peanut nodulated soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr. cultivar Harosoy 63). Cells of three peanut rhizobia bound fluorescent-and radioisotope-labeled soybean lectin. Two of these strains failed to nodulate soybean, and conversely, two peanut strains that nodulated soybean did not bind to soybean lectin. Both culture medium and age had pronounced effects of the number of peanut rhizobia cells that bound fluorescent-labeled soybean lectin. Harosoy 63 soybean root exudates stimulated the growth of peanut rhizobia, but had no consistent influence on the number of cells that bound soybean lectin. Although extracellular soybean lectin receptors were present in culture fluids from each of the peanut rhizobia whose cells bound the lectin, the titer of receptors was greatest for strain 3G4b5. The affinity constants for the adherence of soybean lectin to Rhizobium sp. 3G4b5 cells from cultures of various ages ranged from 4.2 × 106 to 4.9 × 106M−1 and the number of lectin binding sites per cell decreased as cells aged. Cells of the soybean and peanut rhizobia did not bind fluorescent- or radioisotope-labeled peanut lectin. The results indicate that there is no relation ship between the ability of peanut and soybean rhizobia to nodulate the reciprocal host plant and their ability to bind to the lectin of that plant.

Role of lectins in plant–microorganism interactions. IV. Ultrastructural localization of soybean lectin binding sites on Rhizobium japonicum

1978 ◽  
Vol 24 (7) ◽  
pp. 785-793 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. E. Calvert ◽  
M. Lalonde ◽  
T. V. Bhuvaneswari ◽  
W. D. Bauer
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Lectin Binding ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Ultrastructural Localization ◽  
Rhizobium Japonicum ◽  
Outer Membranes ◽  
Capsular Material ◽  
Soybean Lectin ◽  
Lectin Binding Sites

The binding of purified, ferritin-labeled soybean seed lectin to the cell surfaces of Rhizobium japonicum 311b 138 has been examined by whole mount, thin section, and freeze-etch electron microscopy. The ferritin-labeled lectin binds in a biochemically specific manner to the capsular material of this bacterium. The lectin does not bind to the outer membranes of the cells or to flagella. Labeled lectin binds to sites throughout the capsular structure, although the density of labeling is somewhat greater on the outer surface of the capsule. Some cells appear to be partially encapsulated. Preservation of the capsular material proved difficult, and methods for retaining most of the capsular material were developed.

scholarly journals Interaction betweenPseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusin cystic fibrosis

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e5931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingming Zhao ◽  
Wencheng Yu
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Pathogenic Microorganisms ◽  
Mutual Inhibition ◽  
Sensing System ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Volatile Organic ◽  
Metabolic Transformation ◽  
Small Colony ◽  
Combined Infection

BackgroundCystic fibrosis (CF) is a disease characterized by chronic airway infection with a high incidence and poor prognosis.Pseudomonas aeruginosaandAspergillus fumigatusare pathogens commonly found in CF patients. Clinically, these two microorganisms often coexist in the airway of CF patients. Combined infection withP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusresults in worsening lung function and clinical condition.MethodsIn this review, we focus on the mutual inhibition and promotion mechanisms ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusin CF patients. We also summarized the mechanisms of the interaction between these pathogenic microorganisms.ResultsP. aeruginosainhibitsA. fumigatusgrowth through the effects of phenazines, the quorum sensing system, iron competition, bacteriophages, and small colony variants.P. aeruginosainducesA. fumigatusgrowth through volatile organic compounds and subbacteriostatic concentrations of phenazines.A. fumigatusinterferes withP. aeruginosa, affecting its metabolic growth via phenazine metabolic transformation, gliotoxin production, and reduced antibiotic sensitivity.DiscussionCoexistence ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatuscan lead to both mutual inhibition and promotion. In different stages of CF disease, the interaction between these two pathogenic microorganisms may shift between promotion and inhibition. A discussion of the mechanisms ofP. aeruginosaandA. fumigatusinteraction can be beneficial for further treatment of CF patients and for improving the prognosis of the disease.

scholarly journals Identification of chromosomally integrated TOL DNA in cured derivatives of Pseudomonas putida PAW1

1982 ◽  
Vol 152 (2) ◽  
pp. 911-914
Author(s):  
P Meulien ◽  
P Broda
Keyword(s):  
Pseudomonas Putida ◽  
Parental Strain ◽  
Chromosomal Dna ◽  
Tol Plasmid ◽  
Derivatives Of

Some plasmid-free Tol- strains derived from Pseudomonas putida PAW1 (which carries the TOL plasmid pWW0) have a segment of TOL DNA located chromosomally. Of three independently isolated strains, PAW86 had an integrated TOL segment of 16 kilobases and PAW85 had two copies of this segment in different chromosomal locations, whereas the chromosomal DNA of PAW82 showed no homology with the TOL plasmid. In cultures of the parental strain, it appears that a 56-kilobase TOL DNA segment is located chromosomally in some cells.

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