PENGARUH PUPUK HAYATI DENGAN KOMPOSISI MIKROORGANISME YANG BERBEDA TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN TANAMAN

Biofertilizer can be used to replace chemical fertilizer so that soil quality is maintained and soil pollution can be avoided. The study aimed to determine the effect of biofertilizers with different compositions of microorganisms on the growth of maize plants. The research was carried out in a greenhouse. Maize plants were fertilized by two kinds of biofertilizers with different compositions of microorganisms. The first biofertilizer contained Azotobacter sp, Azospirillum sp, Rhizobium sp, Trichoderma sp, and Lactobacillus sp, and the second biofertilizer contained Strenotrophomonas sp. and Paenibacillus polymyxa. As controls, maize plants were fertilized by sterilized those biofertilizers. The results showed that the second biofertilizer increased the dry weight of the maize plant. Meanwhile, the first biofertilizer did not increase it. Several things must be considered in the application of biofertilizers, such as the composition of microorganisms, type of plant, level of fertilization, and the method of applying fertilizer to the plant.

Identificación de rizobios en nódulos de Lupinus alopecuroides Desr. desarrolladas en las chacras de Castrovirreyna, Huancavelica

Una de las leguminosas nativas de la región Puna y Janca de nuestro país es Lupinus alopecuroides Desr, esta leguminosa posee rol importante como planta pionera en colonizar espacios de suelos poco evolucionados y una vez establecida contribuye a regenerar la productividad natural de las chacras mediante la fijación biológica del N. Asimismo, los campesinos lo emplean en diversas actividades, en la salud de las personas y animales y para generar energía calorífica (leña). Dada su importancia se planteó analizar el endosimbionte de nódulos radicales de L. alopecuroides Desr desarrolladas en las chacras de Choccra Pucro (3996 m.s.n.m.), Castrovireyna, Huancavelica. Se evaluó 60 nódulos procedente de 20 plantas, se tomaron 3 nódulos por planta utilizando muestreo simple-aleatorio y se cultivaron en medio YEM. Lo que permitió obtener 30 aislados, cuando se amplificaron y secuenciaron el gen 16S rRNA se reagruparon en 14 géneros, 03 de ellos pertenecen a las rizobiaceas (Rhizobium sp., Bradyrhizobium sp. y Phyllobacterium sp.), y una vez inoculadas empleando plántulas de L. alopecuroides, el género Bradyrhizobium logró formar protuberancias de nódulos radicales. Asimismo, en los nódulos viven otros géneros no rizobianos como Erwinia, Rahnella, Serratia, Rhodococcus, Arthrobacter, Paenibacillus, Pseudomonas, Stenotrophomonas, Bacillus, Staphylococcus y Pantoea, cuya función queda por aclarar.

Identification and assessment of the antibacterial activity of ZnO nanoparticles produced by Vigna mungo and Rhizobacteria.

ZnO nanoparticles have received a lot of interest in recent years due to their unusual features. Antimicrobial properties of ZnO NPs However, the qualities of nanoparticles are determined by their size and form, making them suitable for a variety of applications. The current work looks at the synthesis, characterization, and antibacterial activity of ZnO NPs produced by Vigna Mungo and Rhizobacteria. Rhizobacteria isolated from V. mungo root nodule were morphologically, biochemically, and molecularly examined and identified as Rhizobium sp. strain P4 and Bacillus flexus strain IFO15715. The GC-MS analysis of methanol leaf extract of V. mungo was performed to detect and identify bioactive chemicals, and this indicated phytol as an antibacterial agent, while Squalene and Alpha tocopherol had antioxidant and anti-tumour properties. Agar well diffusion experiment was used to determine the antibacterial properties of ZnO nanoparticles and Vigna Mungo leaf extract. This approach is widely documented, and standard zones of inhibition for sensitive and resistant values have been defined. The results demonstrated that both methanol extract and zinc oxide nanoparticles have strong antibacterial efficacy against the majority of the pathogens examined. he synthesized nanoparticles from Rhizobium sp. were characterized by analytical techniques like SEM, XRD, FTIR, and UV Vis.

Microbe-Mediated Mn Oxidation—A Proposed Model of Mineral Formation

Manganese oxides occur in a wide range of environmental settings either as coatings on rocks, sediment, and soil particles, or as discrete grains. Although the production of biologically mediated Mn oxides is well established, relatively little is known about microbial-specific strategies for utilizing Mn in the environment and how these affect the morphology, structure, and chemistry of associated mineralizations. Defining such strategies and characterizing the associated mineral properties would contribute to a better understanding of their impact on the local environment and possibly facilitate evaluation of biogenicity in recent and past Mn accumulations. Here, we supplement field data from a Mn rock wall deposit in the Ytterby mine, Sweden, with data retrieved from culturing Mn oxidizers isolated from this site. Microscopic and spectroscopic techniques are used to characterize field site products and Mn precipitates generated by four isolated bacteria (Hydrogenophaga sp., Pedobacter sp., Rhizobium sp., and Nevskia sp.) and one fungal-bacterial co-culture (Cladosporium sp.—Hydrogenophaga sp. Rhizobium sp.—Nevskia sp.). Two of the isolates (Pedobacter sp. and Nevskia sp.) are previously unknown Mn oxidizers. At the field site, the onset of Mn oxide mineralization typically occurs in areas associated with globular wad-like particles and microbial traces. The particles serve as building blocks in the majority of the microstructures, either forming the base for further growth into laminated dendrites-botryoids or added as components to an existing structure. The most common nanoscale structures are networks of Mn oxide sheets structurally related to birnessite. The sheets are typically constructed of very few layers and elongated along the octahedral chains. In places, the sheets bend and curl under to give a scroll-like appearance. Culturing experiments show that growth conditions (biofilm or planktonic) affect the ability to oxidize Mn and that taxonomic affiliation influences crystallite size, structure, and average oxidation state as well as the onset location of Mn precipitation.

Genomic insight for Algicidal activity in Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP)

Occurrence of Harmful Algal Blooms (HABs) creates a threat to aquatic ecosystem affecting the existing flora and fauna. Hence, the mitigation of HABs through an eco-friendly approach remains a challenge for environmentalists. The present study provides the genomic insights of Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP), an environmental isolate that showed the capability of degrading Microcystis aeruginosa (Cyanobacteria) at laboratory scale. Genome sequence analysis of Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP) was performed to determine the algal lysis properties and toxin degradative pathway. It is envisaged that Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP) secreted CAZymes like Glycosyltransferases (GT), Glycoside Hydrolases (GH), polysaccharide lyases (PL), which allowed algal polysaccharide degradation (lysis) and enabled nutrient release for the subsequent growth of Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP) Genome analysis also showed the presence of the glutathione metabolic pathway, which is the biological detoxification pathway responsible for microcystin degradation. The conserved region mlrC, a microcystin toxin degrading responsible gene, was also annotated in Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP). This study confirmed that Rhizobium sp. (AQ_MP) harbours a wide range of crucial enzymes released for lysis of Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa) cells and also for degradation of microcystin toxin. This study thus find promiscuity for scaling the lab based analysis to field level in future.

Enhancing Mungbean (Vigna radiata L.) Productivity, Soil Health and Profitability through Conjoint use of Rhizobium and PGPR

Background: Grain legumes are considered as an important group of food crops that can play a vital role to address national food and nutritional security and also tackle environmental challenges. They are known as the basis for an ecologically-sound, farmer-focused agricultural development effort and an important component of sustainable farming systems. Biofertilizers, being a cheap and environment friendly source of plant nutrients assume a special significance in supplying the plant nutrients under the present context of indiscriminate use and high costs of chemical fertilizers. Biofertilizers could be a good alternative to supplement the chemical fertilizers. Methods: A field experiment was carried out at Pantnagar in Mollisols during 2017-18 and 2018-19 to study the performance of Rhizobium sp. and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) inoculation in mungbean on productivity, soil health and economics.Result: A pronounced effect of biofertilizers application in mungbean was observed on the root nodulation, yields, nutrient uptake and soil health. Co-inoculation of Rhizobium and PGPR significantly increased the nodule number, nodule dry weight, plant dry weight, grain yield, straw yield, N and P uptake in mungbean and improved soil health over the no inoculation. The study suggested that combined application of PGPR and Rhizobium sp. in mungbean is better than Rhizobium sp. alone in increasing crop yields, soil health and farmer’s profit.

Kajian Aktivitas Infeksi Rhizobium sp. Indigenus Pada Kerandang (Pueraria phaseoloides)

Kudzu, a kind of legume cover crops (LCC), plays important roles in soil and water conservation. It is effective for inhibiting erotion, compaction and leaching of nutrients, as well as to suppress weeds. Plants growing with legume ground covers usually show better nutrition, growth and yield. Recently, this cover crops have been widely used to prevent the negative effects and to improve soil physical and nutritional characteristics. As a legume, bacterial inoculation is to enhance the infection and nodulation activity. A research to observe the role of indigenous Rhizobium on infection and nodulation activity of kudzu was carried out in September till December 2004. The research was done in Regosol volcanic soil in Tlatar Village of Sawangan in Magelang district of Central Java. A pot experiment was arranged in 4x2 factorial completely randomized design which was repeated three times. The seedling innoculation with root nodules endophytic bacteria was to increase nodulation and to enhance Kudzu plant growth. The seedlings were inoculated with 1, 2 and 3 ml/pot of grinded root nodules of wild plants containing endophytic Rhizobium sp. The wild kudzu plants were taken from coastal sandy land of southern Yogyakarta. All treated seedlings were planted in a sterilized medium to be compared to the unsterilized one in order to examine the role of indigenous bacterias. Observation on bacterial infection activity, nodulation, and plant growth were taken at week 4, 6, 8, and 10. All the datas were variance analyzed and the treatments average were tested with 5% level of Duncan's multiple range test. The results showed that application of 2 ml/pot of innoculum significantly increased the infection activity, nodulation and plant growth. Sterilized soil decreased the infection activity. Since the innoculation of endophytic Rhizobium sp. in unsterilized soil significantly increased the infection actifity, nodulation and plant growth, so the indigenous Rhizobium sp. in rhizhosfer was needed to sinergisticaly worked well with inoculum to increase infection activities and root nodulation.

Aplikasi Berbagai Jenis Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPR) dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Cabai Merah

This study aims to examine the effect of PGPR in increasing the growth and yield of red chilies, and to find the type of PGPR that gives the best growth and yield in red chilies. The research was conducted at the Teaching and Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Jambi University, 35 above sea level. The study used a randomized block design with one factor, namely various types of PGPR: without PGPR; PGPR1 (containing Trichoderma sp., Bacillus sp., Pseudomonas sp., 11 essential macro and microelements, as well as natural amino acids); PGPR 2 (containing Pseudomonas fluorescent, Trichoderma sp., Aspergillus niger, Azobacter sp., Azospirilium sp., And Rhizobium sp.); PGPR 3 (containing Trichoderma sp., Pseudomonas sp., And Rhizobium sp.); and PGPR 4 (containing Azosbacteria sp, Aspergillus niger, and Trichoderma harzianum). Each treatment was repeated five times. The results showed that the application of PGPR was able to increase plant growth and yield of red chilies in the form of plant height (2.12% - 9.69%), the total number of branches (5.25% -54.96%), number of fruits (13,55% -51.40%) and fruit weight (54.19% -116.35%). The quality of crop yields has also improved with the application of PGPR. PGPR which contains Pseudomonas fluorescent, Trichoderma sp, Aspergillus niger, Azobacter sp, Azospirilium sp, and Rhizobium sp. is PGPR that provides the best growth and yield of red chilies