Studies on the Structure and Formation during Spermatogenesis of the Sulfoglycerogalactolipid of Rat Testis

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 689-697 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Kornblatt ◽  
A. Knapp ◽  
M. Levine ◽  
H. Schachter ◽  
R. K. Murray
Keyword(s):  
Structural Studies ◽  
Peak Activity ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Alkyl Groups ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Germinal Cells

Structural studies on the major glycolipid of rat testis have confirmed our earlier identification of this compound as a 1-O-alkyl-2-O-acyl-glyceryl-monogalactoside sulfate. The acyl and alkyl groups are predominantly palmitoyl and palmityl groups, respectively. The minor glycolipid found in the same tissue has been identified as the non-sulfated form of this glycolipid. Examination of the levels of the sulfoglycerogalactolipid in the testes of immature rats, hypophysectomized rats, and normal and sterile mice indicates that the majority of the compound is located in the germinal cells of the testis and that the primary spermatocytes are the earliest spermatogenic cells to contain high levels of the lipid. Galactolipid sulfotransferase also shows peak activity in the primary spermatocytes of rat testis.

Absence of a nuclear androgen receptor in isolated germinal cells of rat testis

1977 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.A. Grootegoed ◽  
M.J. Peters ◽  
E. Mulder ◽  
F.F.G. Rommerts ◽  
H.J. Van Der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Androgen Receptor ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Germinal Cells

scholarly journals Identification of rat testis galactosyl receptor using antibodies to liver asialoglycoprotein receptor: purification and localization on surfaces of spermatogenic cells and sperm.

1989 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Abdullah ◽  
A L Kierszenbaum
Keyword(s):  
Binding Affinity ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Asialoglycoprotein Receptor ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Testicular Development ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Epididymal Sperm ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Receptor Purification ◽  
Dorsal Portion

We have found that the rat testis contains a cell surface galactosyl receptor that is antigenically related to the minor species of rat liver asialoglycoprotein receptor (ASGP-r) and has binding affinity for galactose coupled to agarose. In immunoblotting experiments, rat testis galactosyl receptor (RTG-r) is recognized by antiserum raised against the minor ASGP-r species of rat liver (designated rat hepatic lectin-2/3, RHL-2/3). Antiserum raised against the major species RHL-1 does not recognize an antigenic protein equivalent to RTG-r. Triton X-100-extracted rat liver and testes preparations fractionated by affinity chromatography on galactose-agarose and resolved by SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions, show that rat liver contains both the major (RHL-1) and minor (RHL-2/3) ASGP-r species whereas rat testis displays only a receptor species comigrating with RHL-2/3. RTG-r was present throughout testicular development. The receptor was found in seminiferous tubules, cultured Sertoli and spermatogenic cells, and epididymal sperm. Indirect immunofluorescent studies show RHL-2/3-like immunoreactivity on the surface of Sertoli cell, meiotic prophase spermatocytes, spermatids, and epididymal sperm. In spermatids and sperm, the immunoreactivity is restricted to the plasma membrane overlying the dorsal portion of the head. Because of RTG-r has galactose binding affinity, is present on surfaces of Sertoli and developing meiotic and postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, and overlies a region of the intact acrosome on epididymal sperm, RTG-r may have a role in spermatogenesis and in events leading to sperm-egg recognition.

EFFECT OF SEROTONIN AND PROGESTERONE ON INDUCED OVULATION IN IMMATURE RATS

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 337-347 ◽  
Author(s):  
CATHERINE A. WILSON ◽  
C. E. HORTH ◽  
A. McNEILLY ◽  
P. G. McDONALD
Keyword(s):  
Critical Period ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Plasma Progesterone ◽  
Induced Ovulation ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Site Of Action ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Late Evening ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin ◽  
Intact Rats

SUMMARY Serotonin (50 and 100 mg/kg), given subcutaneously, inhibited induced ovulation in immature rats treated with pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (PMSG). A single injection was effective if given 52–55 h after the PMSG, i.e. in the 3 h period after the critical period before ovulation. The injection of serotonin inhibited the release of luteinizing hormone (LH) from the pituitary since the pituitary levels were higher than in the control animals and there was complete inhibition of the plasma LH surge. The antiovulatory effect was reversed by administration of progesterone and endogenous plasma progesterone levels were reduced in the late evening after serotonin treatment. The site of action of serotonin appeared to be peripheral since it inhibited induced ovulation in hypophysectomized rats but was without effect in intact rats treated intraventricularly. It is suggested that progesterone is essential for the occurrence of induced ovulation and serotonin inhibits either its secretion at the ovarian level or its passage away from the ovary.

Steroid Metabolism by the Immature Rat Testis

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (9) ◽  
pp. 744-750 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. H. Moger ◽  
D. T. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Steroid Metabolism ◽  
Immature Rat ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Immature Male ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Rapid Conversion

Treatment of hypophysectomized immature male rats with luteinizing hormone (LH) greatly increased the metabolism of both 4-[14C]progesterone and 4-[14C]testosterone by testicular homogenates. Prolactin, either alone or in combination with LH, did not influence the metabolism of either substrate. Progesterone was metabolized to 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, 5α-pregnan-3,20-dione, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one, and 3β-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one. Testosterone was metabolized to dihydrotestosterone and 5α-androstan-3α,17β-diol. On the basis of these observations it is suggested that LH stimulated the 5α-reductase(s) of the immature rat testis. Testis homogenates from immature rats with intact pituitaries were incubated with 4-[14C]3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one. Rapid conversion to androsterone was observed, with the formation of a compound chromatographically identical with 3α, 17α-dihydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one as an apparent intermediate. These findings demonstrate the ability of the rat testes to form androsterone from progesterone by a pathway that does not involve testosterone.

Temperature Effect on the Permeability of Plasma Membranes of Advanced Germinal Cells of the Rat Testis

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 586-593 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leo P. K. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Effect ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Cellular Degeneration ◽  
Adult Rat ◽  
Germinal Cells

Advanced germinal cells (spermatocytes and spermatids) prepared from adult rat testes, but not other cells, released their cellular contents into the incubation medium when they were incubated at 37° at a physiological pH. Evidence was presented that the release of cellular contents was due to changes in the permeability of the plasma membranes of these cells. The hypothesis is advanced that the changes in the permeability of the plasma membranes of the advanced testicular germinal cells of the rat may be intimately associated with the cellular degeneration and cessation of spermatogenesis which occur in cryptorchid testes.

Effects of testosterone and prolactin on rat prostatic weight, 5alpha-reductase, and arginase

1975 ◽  
Vol 229 (4) ◽  
pp. 1102-1109 ◽  
Author(s):  
H Yamanaka ◽  
RY Kirdani ◽  
J Saroff ◽  
GP Murphy ◽  
AA Sandberg
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Enhancing Effect ◽  
Immature Rats ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Testosterone Administration ◽  
Related Response ◽  
Ovine Prolactin

Prostatic weights, 5alpha-reductase, and arginase activities were utilized as indexes for the effects of prolactin in short-term experiments in intact, hypophysectomized or castrated rats. Experiments were performed in which a dose-related response in the above parameters was obtained with testosterone administration in castrated mature and immature rats in order to evaluate the effects of simultaneously administered prolactin. This approach was necessitated by the failure of prolactin alone to affect the parameters listed in intact, castrated or hypophysectomized rats. It was shown that ovine prolactin may have an enhancing effect on the prostatic weight, 5alpha-reductase, and arginase activities, but that this effect is neither consistent nor striking when compared to that of testosterone.. Nevertheless, it is still possible that the long-term effects of prolactin, even if they are only of an enhancing quality, may play an important role in normal prostatic physiology and in abnormal states.

scholarly journals Effects of Heshouwuyin on gene expression of the insulin/IGF signalling pathway in rat testis and spermatogenic cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 1199-1210
Author(s):  
Hongjie Wang ◽  
Boying Shan ◽  
Yulei Duan ◽  
Juan Zhu ◽  
Liping Jiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Signalling Pathway ◽  
Spermatogenic Cells ◽  
Rat Testis

CONVERSION OF PROGESTERONE TO ANDROGENS BY NON-FLAGELLATE GERMINAL CELLS ISOLATED FROM SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES OF RAT TESTIS

1974 ◽  
Vol 60 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-NP ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. GALENA ◽  
C. TERNER
Keyword(s):  
Significant Contribution ◽  
Isotonic Saline ◽  
Interstitial Cells ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Germinal Cells

SUMMARY A method is described for the isolation of non-flagellate germinal cells of the testis. The interstitial cells were removed by submersion of teased seminiferous tubules in distilled water. The interstitial cells exposed to water burst while the germinal cells inside the tubules remained intact. The tubules were then homogenized in isotonic saline and the non-flagellate germinal cells (spermatocytes and young spermatids) were isolated by centrifugation and filtration through a layer of Sephadex G-25 gel. On incubation with progesterone these cells produced 17α-hydroxyprogesterone, androstenedione, and testosterone. The rate of conversion of progesterone to testosterone in vitro was 0·20 μg/h/109 germinal cells. These results suggest that the non-flagellate germinal cells of the testis may make a significant contribution to the production of androgens.

scholarly journals The Effect of Cryptorchidism on the Quantitative Histology, Histochemistry and Hydrolytic Enzyme Activity of the Rat Testis

1978 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 53 ◽  
Author(s):  
AW Blackshaw ◽  
PF Massey
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Meiotic Prophase ◽  
Hydrolytic Enzyme ◽  
Seminiferous Tubules ◽  
Quantitative Histology ◽  
Rat Testis ◽  
Germinal Cells ◽  
Enzyme Patterns

Cryptorchidism of the mature rat testis led to degeneration of the seminiferous tubules and changes in enzyme patterns and activities. Spermatogenic stages 1--4, containing pachytene primary spermatocytes in late meiotic prophase, and stage 5, containing recently formed round spermatids, were damaged by 48 h. Within 96 h stages showed a loss of germinal cells into the lumen and this was almost complete by 192 h.

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