The Kolar Gold Fields extensive air shower experiment

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S13-S16 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Chatterjee ◽  
G. T. Murthy ◽  
S. Naranan ◽  
K. Sivaprasad ◽  
B. V. Sreekantan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Size Range ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Lateral Spread ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Size

Measurements have been made on high-energy muons (>220 GeV and >640 GeV) in extensive air showers in the size range 105–107 particles. Results on the energy spectrum, lateral spread (for Eμ > 220 GeV), and the dependence of the total number of muons on the shower size are given. The relation between the number of muons (Nμ) and the shower size (N) can be expressed as[Formula: see text]Assuming an exponential lateral distribution of high-energy muons, the average lateral spread of muons of energy >220 GeV has been found to be ~40 m.The results are compared with the predictions of the calculations done by Murthy et al. (1967).

Lateral distribution and energy spectra of high-energy muons in cosmic-ray air showers

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-48 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. K. Basak ◽  
S. K. Sarkar ◽  
N. Mukherjee ◽  
S. Sanyal ◽  
B. Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Range ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Shower Size ◽  
Primary Composition

The energy spectra and the lateral distribution of muons in cosmic-ray air showers, in the size range 104–106 particles as measured by two magnetic spectrographs each of full detection efficiency for muons in the energy range 2.5–500 GeV, are presented along with the derived muon size vs. shower size results. Comparisons with similar recent experimental data and calculations are given to infer the cosmic-ray primary composition.

Estimation of mass composition of high energy cosmic rays via modeling a relation between lateral distribution parameters and shower age

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 1750161
Author(s):  
Saeed Doostmohammadi
Keyword(s):  
Cosmic Rays ◽  
Simulated Data ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Distribution Parameters

Lateral distribution function of extensive air showers of energetic cosmic rays, indicate how secondary particles spread over a surface detectors. There are many different universal formulas between lateral distribution parameters and shower age parameter which can be used to infer about maximum development of extensive air shower (which is a key parameter to estimate the mass composition of primary cosmic rays). At present work, an estimated percent of mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays is investigated by comparison between Ivanov et al. modeling of simulated data, which has been done by CoRSiKa, and Yakutsk experimental data.

SIMULATIONS OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWERS TRIGGERED BY PROTON, IRON AND GAMMA PRIMARIES

2005 ◽  
Vol 20 (29) ◽  
pp. 6814-6816
Author(s):  
A. GERANIOS ◽  
E. FOKITIS ◽  
S. MALTEZOS ◽  
K. PATRINOS ◽  
A. DIMOPOULOS
Keyword(s):  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower

Using the AIRES code, we have generated a large number of Extensive Air Showers corresponding to Ultra high energy cosmic ray gammas, protons and iron nuclei with energy range 1015 – 1022 eV. These simulations clearly show the different atmospheric depths of the Extensive Air Shower maxima in this energy range.

scholarly journals An investigation of mass composition of ultra-high energy cosmic rays with energies above 1019 eV via the study of extensive air showers

2012 ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Doostmohammadi ◽  
S.J. Fatemi
Keyword(s):  
Size Dependence ◽  
Galactic Plane ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Shower Size

The electron and muon components of extensive air shower (EAS) with energies above 1019 eV are analyzed via various giant EAS arrays. A varying property of showers is observed for two energy ranges; higher and lower than (3 ? 4) x 1019 eV. The age parameter, zenith angle, shower size dependence on muon size and shower size dependence on primary energy show an increment of mass composition (MC) above (3?4)x 1019eV. Comparison of the observed EAS results with the simulations of Capdevielle et al. (2000) and Shinozaki et al. (2005) gives at most 20% photon fraction for primary energies above 1019 eV. The arrival directions of showers above 4x1019 eV indicate an increasing concentration towards the super galactic plane.

scholarly journals Direct measurement of the muonic content of extensive air showers between $$\mathbf { 2\times 10^{17}}$$ and $$\mathbf {2\times 10^{18}}~$$eV at the Pierre Auger Observatory

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Aab ◽  
◽  
P. Abreu ◽  
M. Aglietta ◽  
J. M. Albury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Direct Measurement ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Pierre Auger Observatory ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fluorescence Detector ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Attenuation Corrected

Abstract The hybrid design of the Pierre Auger Observatory allows for the measurement of the properties of extensive air showers initiated by ultra-high energy cosmic rays with unprecedented precision. By using an array of prototype underground muon detectors, we have performed the first direct measurement, by the Auger Collaboration, of the muon content of air showers between $$2\times 10^{17}$$2×1017 and $$2\times 10^{18}$$2×1018 eV. We have studied the energy evolution of the attenuation-corrected muon density, and compared it to predictions from air shower simulations. The observed densities are found to be larger than those predicted by models. We quantify this discrepancy by combining the measurements from the muon detector with those from the Auger fluorescence detector at $$10^{{17.5}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1017.5eV and $$10^{{18}}\, {\mathrm{eV}} $$1018eV. We find that, for the models to explain the data, an increase in the muon density of $$38\%$$38%$$\pm 4\% (12\%)$$±4%(12%)$$\pm {}^{21\%}_{18\%}$$±18%21% for EPOS-LHC, and of $$50\% (53\%)$$50%(53%)$$\pm 4\% (13\%)$$±4%(13%)$$\pm {}^{23\%}_{20\%}$$±20%23% for QGSJetII-04, is respectively needed.

Estimating of Cherenkov Radiation in Extensive Air Showers Using CORSIKA Code for Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov Array

2015 ◽  
Vol 754-755 ◽  
pp. 807-811
Author(s):  
A.A. Al-Rubaiee ◽  
Uda Hashim ◽  
Mohd Khairuddin Md Arshad ◽  
A. Rahim Ruslinda ◽  
R.M. Ayub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Energy Range ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Showers ◽  
Cherenkov Light ◽  
Mass Composition ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Good Ability ◽  
The Given

The simulation of Cherenkov light Lateral distribution function (LDF) in Extensive Air Showers (EAS) initiated primary particles such as primary calcium, argon, proton iron nuclei, neutron and nitrogen have been performed using CORSIKA program for conditions and configurations of Tunka133 EAS Cherenkov array. The simulation was fulfilled at the high energy range 1014-1016eV for four different zenith angles 0o, 10o, 15oand 30o. The results of the simulated Cherenkov light LDF are compared with the measurements of Tunka133 EAS array for the same particles and energy range mentioned above. This comparison may give the good ability to reconstruct the energy spectrum and mass composition of the primary cosmic ray particles in EAS. The main feature of the given approach consists of the possibility to make a library of Cherenkov light LDF samples which could be utilized for analysis of real events which can be detected with different EAS arrays and reconstruction of the primary cosmic rays energy spectrum and mass composition of EAS particles.

Tokyo large air shower project

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S255-S258 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Matano ◽  
M. Nagano ◽  
K. Suga ◽  
G. Tanahashi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Particle Density ◽  
Cosmic Ray ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Size Spectrum ◽  
Telemetry System ◽  
Simple Experiment ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Fundamental Idea ◽  
Air Shower

A preliminary experiment to detect large air showers by means of radio echoes and to study the high-energy end of the primary cosmic-ray energy spectrum has been started at this Institute. The fundamental idea and the first approach of the experiment are presented. Using the telemetry system between two pairs of a simple scintillation array, which has been constructed to identify and calibrate the showers in the above experiment, the decoherence curve of air showers has been measured between 100 and 1 300 m together with the particle density in each detector. This simple experiment will give the power of the size spectrum above 109.

scholarly journals SEARCH AND STUDY OF EXTENSIVE AIR SHOWER EVENTS WITH THE TUS SPACE EXPERIMENT

2019 ◽  
Vol 208 ◽  
pp. 02003
Author(s):  
Maria Lavrova
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Fluorescence Yield ◽  
Ultra High Energy ◽  
Arrival Direction ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
High Energy Cosmic Rays ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
On Line ◽  
Line Selection

The TUS experiment is aimed to study the energy spectrum and arrival direction of Ultra High Energy Cosmic Rays at E ~ 100 EeV from the space orbit by measuring the fluorescence yield of the Extensive Atmospheric Shower in the atmosphere. It is the first orbital telescope designed for such measurements and is taking data since May 19, 2016. The TUS apparatus structure, methods of UHECR on-line selection and off-line data analysis are described. A few UHECR EAS candidates have been found. Preliminary results of their studying are presented.

High-energy N particles in extensive air showers at 800 g/cm2

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S136-S141 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. K. Chatterjee ◽  
G. T. Murthy ◽  
S. Naranan ◽  
B. V. Sreekantan ◽  
M. V. Srinivasa Rao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Anomalous Behavior ◽  
Lateral Distribution ◽  
Energy Measurement ◽  
Total Absorption ◽  
Air Showers ◽  
Shower Size ◽  
Total Absorption Spectrometer ◽  
Threshold Energies ◽  
Absorption Spectrometer

The results on high-energy N particles in EAS using a total absorption spectrometer for energy measurement are presented. They are compared with results from other experiments and calculations based upon plausible models of high energy interactions. (1) As expected, the NAP lateral distribution becomes steeper for particles of higher threshold energies. (2) Contrary to expectation, the lateral distribution becomes flatter with increasing shower size. The implication of this anomalous behavior in terms of interaction characteristics at energies > 1014 eV is briefly discussed. (3) For a given size, showers with steeper electron lateral distribution have more NAPs. (4) Except for the behavior of the lateral distribution as a function of size, all the other results can be explained in terms of models in which pT and inelasticity distributions are invariant and some fraction (~15%) of nucleon–antinucleon pair production is assumed.

Analysis on High-Energy Physical Problems in Monte Carlo Simulation

2014 ◽  
Vol 577 ◽  
pp. 762-766
Author(s):  
Bao Guang Sun ◽  
Xiao Feng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Monte Carlo Simulation ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Extensive Air Shower ◽  
Air Shower ◽  
Secondary Particles ◽  
Physical Problems ◽  
Strip Pattern ◽  
Detector Simulation

This paper analyzes the data got in two Monte Carlo simulations, namely, extensive air shower simulation and detector simulation. Then, based on the data from experimental arrays, some physical problems have been analyzed and illustrated. Those problems include the distribution of energy spectrum of secondary particles, the distribution of zenith angle, of azimuths, of background noises, and that of strip pattern, as well as the atmospheric absorption.

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