Inelastic interaction cross sections for nuclear-active particles of energy 5 × 1010 to 1012 eV on carbon and iron nuclei

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S689-S693 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Andronikashvili ◽  
G. E. Chikovani ◽  
D. I. Garibashvili ◽  
L. L. Gabunia ◽  
D. B. Kakauridze ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Inelastic Interaction ◽  
Total Thickness ◽  
Active Particles ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Interaction Cross Sections ◽  
Ionization Calorimeter

Inelastic interactions of nuclear-active particles in carbon and iron have been studied using cloud chambers in a magnetic field and an ionization calorimeter at Tskhra-Tskharo Pass at an altitude of 2 500 m above sea level. The installation consists of two cloud chambers 2 × 1 × 0.4 m3 in a magnetic field of 7 000 oersteds and an ionization calorimeter of total thickness about 800 g/cm2. It is triggered when an energy greater than 5 × 1010 eV is released in the ionization calorimeter. The measurements in carbon and iron can be taken simultaneously. Results taken up to the present show that the mean free path for carbon is (96 ± 13) g/cm2 and for iron (130 ± 6) g/cm2.

scholarly journals The diffusion and mobility of ions in a magnetic field

1912 ◽  
Vol 86 (590) ◽  
pp. 571-577 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Magnetic Force ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Electric Force ◽  
Mobility Of Ions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Magnetic Field

1. When the motion of ions in a gas takes place in a magnetic field the rates of diffusion and the velocities due to an electric force may be determined by methods similar to those given in a previous paper. The effect of the magnetic field may be determined by considering the motion of each ion between collisions with molecules. The magnetic force causes the ions to be deflected in their free paths, and when no electric force is acting the paths are spirals, the axes being along the direction of the magnetic force. If H be the intensity of the magnetic field, e the charge, and m the mass of an ion, then the radius r of the spiral is mv /He, v being the velocity in the direction perpendicular to H. The distance that the ion travels in the interval between two collisions in a direction normal to the magnetic force is a chord of the circle of radius r . The average lengths of these chords may be reduced to any fraction of the projection of the mean free path in the direction of the magnetic force, so that the rate of diffusion of ions in the directions perpendicular to the magnetic force is less than the rate of diffusion in the direction of the force.

The conductivity of thin wires in a magnetic field

1950 ◽  
Vol 202 (1070) ◽  
pp. 378-394 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Electron Theory ◽  
Conduction Electrons ◽  
Thin Wires ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Magnetic Field ◽  
Theory And Experiment

A thin film or wire of metal has a lower electrical conductivity than the bulk material if the thickness is comparable with or smaller than the electronic mean free path. Previous workers have obtained expressions for the magnitude of the effect by integrating the Boltzmann equation and imposing the appropriate boundary conditions. The problem is re-examined from a kinetic theory standpoint, and it is shown that the same expressions are obtained by this method, usually rather more simply, while the physical picture is considerably clarified. The method is applied to an evaluation of the conductivity of a thin wire with a magnetic field along the axis, and it is found that the resistivity should decrease as the magnetic field is increased; it should be possible to derive the mean free path and velocity of the conduction electrons by comparison of theory and experiment. The theory has been confirmed by experimental measurements on sodium; estimates of electronic velocity and mean free path are obtained which are in fair agreement with the values given by the free-electron theory.

scholarly journals PO-0850: MRI-Linac: Effect of the magnetic field on the interaction cross sections

2015 ◽  
Vol 115 ◽  
pp. S431 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Szymanowski ◽  
W.Y. Baek ◽  
R. Neungang-Nganwa ◽  
H. Nettelbeck ◽  
H. Rabus
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Interaction Cross Sections ◽  
The Magnetic Field

Energy spectra of nuclear-active particles at mountain altitudes

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S686-S688 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. Grigorov ◽  
V. A. Sobinyakov ◽  
Ch. A. Tretyakova ◽  
V. Ya. Shestoperov ◽  
Kh. P. Babayan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Spectrum ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Energy Spectra ◽  
Active Particles ◽  
Ionization Calorimeter

The results of measurements of the energy spectrum of nuclear-active particles carried out by means of an ionization calorimeter and an installation recording ionization bursts at the altitude of 3 200 m above sea level are presented.

scholarly journals A Quantum Charged Particle under Sudden Jumps of the Magnetic Field and Shape of Non-Circular Solenoids

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor V. Dodonov ◽  
Matheus B. Horovits
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Charged Particle ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Electric Fields ◽  
Cross Sections ◽  
Magnetic Moment ◽  
Landau Gauge ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Magnetic Field

We consider a quantum charged particle moving in the x y plane under the action of a time-dependent magnetic field described by means of the linear vector potential of the form A = B ( t ) − y ( 1 + β ) , x ( 1 − β ) / 2 . Such potentials with β ≠ 0 exist inside infinite solenoids with non-circular cross sections. The systems with different values of β are not equivalent for nonstationary magnetic fields or time-dependent parameters β ( t ) , due to different structures of induced electric fields. Using the approximation of the stepwise variations of parameters, we obtain explicit formulas describing the change of the mean energy and magnetic moment. The generation of squeezing with respect to the relative and guiding center coordinates is also studied. The change of magnetic moment can be twice bigger for the Landau gauge than for the circular gauge, and this change can happen without any change of the angular momentum. A strong amplification of the magnetic moment can happen even for rapidly decreasing magnetic fields.

Nuclear interactions at high energies

1968 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. S697-S699
Author(s):  
Yu. A. Eremenko ◽  
Yu. T. Lukin ◽  
Zh. S. Takibaev
Keyword(s):  
Energy Region ◽  
Free Path Length ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Laboratory System ◽  
High Energies ◽  
Charged Secondary ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Charged Mesons ◽  
Ionization Calorimeter

Fifty jets recorded by an installation consisting of an ionization calorimeter and a cloud chamber have been analyzed. The mean energy of the primaries was 350 GeV and the mean number of charged secondary particles was [Formula: see text]. The target was made of carbon with a thickness of 0.08 interaction mean free path length. It is shown that in the energy region under investigation γc determined by Castagnoli's method is overestimated. It is also concluded that the distribution in Duller–Walker coordinates will give no information about the angles of emission of secondaries in their fireball rest system. If there are not more than two fireballs in the energy region [Formula: see text], then their mean mass is about 3 GeV. The distribution of 4-momentum transfers was measured; the mean value is of the order [Formula: see text]. It was possible to estimate the inelasticity coefficients by independent methods. The mean fraction of the energy transferred to π0 mesons was [Formula: see text] and to the charged mesons [Formula: see text], and the total inelasticity coefficient in the laboratory system was [Formula: see text].

scholarly journals Departure from MHD prescriptions in shock formation over a guiding magnetic field

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-519 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bret ◽  
A. Pe'er ◽  
L. Sironi ◽  
M.E. Dieckmann ◽  
R. Narayan
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Free Path ◽  
Mean Free Path ◽  
Distribution Functions ◽  
Shock Formation ◽  
Physical Analysis ◽  
Particle In Cell ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Collective Plasma ◽  
Aligned Magnetic Field

AbstractIn plasmas where the mean-free-path is much larger than the size of the system, shock waves can arise with a front much shorter than the mean-free-path. These so-called “collisionless shocks” are mediated by collective plasma interactions. Studies conducted so far on these shocks found that although binary collisions are absent, the distribution functions are thermalized downstream by scattering on the fields, so that magnetohydrodynamics prescriptions may apply. Here we show a clear departure from this pattern in the case of Weibel shocks forming over a flow-aligned magnetic field. A micro-physical analysis of the particle motion in the Weibel filaments shows how they become unable to trap the flow in the presence of too strong a field, inhibiting the mechanism of shock formation. Particle-in-cell simulations confirm these results.

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