Rechargeable nonaqueous lithium/Mo6S8 battery

1984 ◽  
Vol 62 (6) ◽  
pp. 527-531 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Mulhern ◽  
R. R. Haering
Keyword(s):  
Discharge Rate ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Rate Capability ◽  
Constant Current ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Long Cycle Life

Electrochemical cells based on the intercalation of lithium into Mo6S8 were examined by derivative constant current chronopotentiometry, in situ X-ray diffraction, and long-term cycling. About three-quarters of the capacity of such cells oeeurs between 2.0 and 2.1 V with most of the remainder near 2.45 V. Li/Mo6S8 cells have a long cycle life, good discharge rate capability, and an energy density of at least 260 W∙h/kg (1 W∙h = 3.6 kJ) of active material. Such cells can be made by starting with cathodes made from ternary Chevrel phase compounds. AyMo6S8 (A = Cu, Fe, Ni), and electrochemically converting these materials to form LixMo6S8.

scholarly journals Preparation and Capacitive Behavior of Dandelion-Likeγ-MnO2Nanofibre/Activated Carbon Microbeads Composite for the Application of Supercapacitor

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Bai ◽  
Xianyou Wang ◽  
Xingyan Wang ◽  
Xiaoyan Zhang ◽  
Wanmei Long ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Carbon ◽  
Active Material ◽  
Transfer Reactions ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviors ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Layer Effect ◽  
Charge Transfer Reactions ◽  
In Situ Coating

Dandelion-likeγ-manganese dioxide (γ-MnO2) nanofibre/activated carbon microbeads (ACMBs) composite is prepared by an in situ coating technique. The structure and morphology of the composite are characterized by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. The results show thatγ-MnO2nanofibre is uniformly encapsulated on the surface of ACMB, and the composite finally becomes a dandelion-like microbead. Cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic current charge/discharge, and cycle life measurements are used to evaluate the electrochemical behaviors of the composite. Since the composite is able to undergo pseudofaradic charge transfer reactions and hereto contributes together with the double-layer effect to the total capacitance of the material, the specific capacitance of the composite is as high as 375.9 F g-1at a scan rate of 1 mV s-1, which is significantly higher than the pure ACMB. Besides, the capacitance retention of the supercapacitor using the composite as electrode-active material keeps still 93% after 1000 cycles.

Zeolite - Salt Occlusion: A Potential Route for the Immobilisation of Iodine-129?

2003 ◽  
Vol 807 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil C. Hyatt ◽  
Joseph A. Hriljac ◽  
Alia Choudhry ◽  
Laura Malpass ◽  
Gareth P. Sheppard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Uniform Distribution ◽  
Crystalline Phase ◽  
Thermally Stable ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Single Crystalline ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Elemental Silver

ABSTRACTReactions of zeolite Na-A with AgI, and the sodium, copper and lead forms of zeolites A, LTA, X and Y with NaI, have been examined as possible starting routes to the long term immobilisation of iodine-129. Heating the salts in air, at 500°C, with the sodium forms of the zeolites leads to the formation of occlusion products, where the iodide salt migrates into the zeolite pores. Detailed studies of the Na-A / 5AgI complex indicate it has a uniform distribution of Na, Si, Al, Ag and I, and is thermally stable to ca. 750°C, where there is a substantial weight loss as iodine is released. In situ powder X-ray diffraction studies have been used to monitor the occlusion reaction at 400°C, and show that the occlusion product decomposes to produce a single crystalline phase at 800°C prior to further decomposition at 850°C to a mixture of nepheline and elemental silver.

scholarly journals Upper Paleocene ultramafic igneous rocks offshore mid-Norway: Reinterpretation of the Vestbrona Formation as a sill complex

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. SK103-SK120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amer Hafeez ◽  
Sverre Planke ◽  
Dougal A. Jerram ◽  
John M. Millett ◽  
Dwarika Maharjan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Igneous Rocks ◽  
Contact Metamorphism ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Stratigraphic Framework ◽  
Northwest Europe ◽  
Migration Pathways

Continental breakup between northwest Europe and Greenland (approximately 56 Ma) was associated with widespread magmatism. Silica undersaturated alkaline porphyritic igneous rocks of a similar age have previously been dredged near the mid-Norwegian coast. These igneous rocks of the Vestbrona Formation have previously been interpreted as either igneous plugs or volcanic flows. New 3D seismic data indicate that relatively small sill complexes are abundant in the same region. In total, 36 sills with a size of [Formula: see text] have been mapped. In addition, 10 seismic horizons were interpreted and tied to nearby wells to obtain a robust stratigraphic framework. The sills mainly intrude Cretaceous and Paleocene sequences; however, one sill is also identified in the pre-Cretaceous sequences. The sills locally form erosional remnants on the seabed due to massive uplifting and erosion of the continental margin. Vintage igneous and sedimentary dredge samples have been reanalyzed, including petrography, geochemistry (X-ray fluorescence [XRF], X-ray diffraction [XRD]), biostratigraphy, and Ar-Ar geochronology. The new Ar-Ar data suggest that the sills are 1–2 Ma older than breakup (approximately 57–58 Ma). Furthermore, the biostratigraphy and petrography of two sediment samples suggest that the samples were collected from near in situ subcrops and not of an ice rafted origin. The sediment samples are of Danian age and are strongly metamorphosed, most likely by contact metamorphism resulting from heating during sill emplacement. The newly identified sills have implications for the petroleum prospectivity of the study area including source rock maturation within thermal aureoles and the long-term alteration of fluid migration pathways.

In situmonitoring of powder reactions in percolating solution by wet-cell X-ray diffraction techniques

2003 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 948-949 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence N. Warr ◽  
Heiko Hofmann
Keyword(s):  
Open Systems ◽  
Reaction Chamber ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Standard Powder ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Kinetics Of

This note describes how the kinetics of powder reactions in percolating solution can be studied by X-ray diffraction using a wet-cell flow-through reaction chamber. The device can be routinely moved between diffractometer and controlled laboratory (pressure, temperature) conditions with the ease of a standard powder holder. Short-termin situmeasurements and long-termquasiin situmonitoring of dissolution and crystallization reactions are possible with a minimum of sample preparation and little disturbance of the system. Measuring time-dependent changes in the concentration of crystalline reactants and products provides information for quantifying reaction kinetics and for determining dissolution and crystal growth mechanisms. Results can be compared with changes in solution chemistry of the collected eluate, enabling a more complete reconstruction of heterogeneous crystal–solution reactions in open systems.

scholarly journals Energy-dispersive diffraction studies of inert anodes

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 502-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicola V. Y. Scarlett ◽  
Ian C. Madsen ◽  
John S. O. Evans ◽  
Alan A. Coelho ◽  
Katherine McGregor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Dispersive ◽  
Quantitative Phase Analysis ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
Electrolysis Time ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Inert Anodes ◽  
Lower Limits ◽  
Energy Dispersive Diffraction

A tomographic study of electrochemical cells to observe scales formed on inert anodes has been conducted using energy-dispersive synchrotron X-ray diffraction. This study is preparatory to an investigation that will observe this formationin situduring the cells' operation. The purpose of the current work was to determine whether this technique would be appropriate for such a study in terms of its sensitivity and whether the results could be quantified satisfactorily. A method has been developed for the quantitative phase analysis of energy-dispersive data using crystal-structure-based Rietveld refinement. This has been tested with standard materials and found to be comparable in accuracy to results obtained from traditional angular-dispersive diffraction. The lower limits of detection of the method have not been established quantitatively but qualitative differences can be seen between cells that have been cycled at different times. These differences indicate a linear relationship between scale formation and electrolysis time.

Exploring the rate dependence of phase evolution in P2-type Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.1Ti0.1O2

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (19) ◽  
pp. 12115-12125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Damian Goonetilleke ◽  
Sunny Wang ◽  
Elena Gonzalo ◽  
Montserrat Galcerán ◽  
Damien Saurel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrode Material ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Phase Evolution ◽  
Sodium Ion ◽  
Sodium Ion Batteries ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray

P2-type Na2/3Mn0.8Fe0.1Ti0.1O2, a promising high-performance electrode material for use in ambient temperature sodium-ion batteries, is examined using operando and long-term in situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction studies to reveal the structural evolution during battery function.

Potassium-ion intercalation in graphite within a potassium-ion battery examined usingin situX-ray diffraction

2017 ◽  
Vol 32 (S2) ◽  
pp. S43-S48 ◽  
Author(s):  
James C. Pramudita ◽  
Vanessa K. Peterson ◽  
Justin A. Kimpton ◽  
Neeraj Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Negative Electrode ◽  
Lithium Ion ◽  
Potassium Ion ◽  
Electrochemical Cells ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Graphite Intercalation ◽  
Ion Intercalation ◽  
Negative Electrode Material

Graphite has been widely used as a negative electrode material in lithium-ion batteries, and recently it has attracted attention for its use in potassium-ion batteries. In this study, the firstin situX-ray diffraction characterisation of a K/graphite electrochemical cell is performed. Various graphite intercalation compounds are found, including the stage three KC36and stage one KC8compounds,along with the disappearance of the graphite during the potassiation process. These results show new insights on the non-equilibrium states of potassium-ion intercalation into graphite in K/graphite electrochemical cells.

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