THE REACTIONS OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH METHANE AND ETHANE

1956 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1457-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Gartaganis ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Atom ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Induction Effect ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Methane Flow Rate ◽  
Methane Flow

Reinvestigation of the active nitrogen – methane reaction in the temperature range 45° to 500 °C. has confirmed hydrogen cyanide as the only product, other than hydrogen, formed in measurable amounts. An “induction” effect in the hydrogen cyanide production was observed with increase of methane flow rate. This induction decreased with increase of temperature and was shown to be due to concomitant hydrogen atom reactions, since it could be eliminated by addition of hydrogen atoms to the reaction mixture. Reinvestigation of the active nitrogen – ethane reaction over the temperature range −100° to 475 °C. also confirmed hydrogen cyanide to be the only measurable product, other than hydrogen, of that reaction. There was some indication that an induction effect was present with ethane, as with methane, and it may be concluded tentatively that both reactions are carried substantially by hydrogen atom reactions.

THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH ETHYLENE

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Versteeg ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Polymeric Material ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Principal Product

Reinvestigation of the active nitrogen–ethylene reaction has confirmed hydrogen cyanide as the principal product. Smaller quantities of ethane, cyanogen, acetylene, and methane have also been found and the variations in amounts of these products with ethylene flow rate have been established. No significant amount of polymeric material was found.

Development and Analysis of Robust Anti-Wear Design of a-C:Zr Films by Taguchi Methods

2011 ◽  
Vol 189-193 ◽  
pp. 3647-3652
Author(s):  
Wesley Huang ◽  
Ching Jyi Chen ◽  
Ming Der Jean
Keyword(s):  
Friction Coefficient ◽  
Bias Voltage ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
High Hardness ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Taguchi Methods ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Methane Flow Rate ◽  
Percent Contribution ◽  
Methane Flow

Amorphous carbon (a:C-H) coatings with high hardness and low friction coefficient are widely applied in die and mold industries. Zirconium-containing a:C-H (a-C:Zr) coatings with double interlayered Zr/ZrC were deposited by unbalanced magnetron sputtering system. A L18 orthogonal array experiment was designed to investigate the effect of process parameter on the friction coefficient of deposited films. Control factors, such as methane flow rate, bias voltage, sputtering frequency, zirconium target current and work distance were schematized for experiments. The experimental results show that zirconium target current exhibits about 45% percent contribution in analysis of variance, and the friction coefficient of a-C:Zr coatings range from 0.13 to 0.31. From effect plots, the optimum parameters are bias voltage at -70V, zirconium target current at 0.6 A, pulse frequency at 90 kHz, methane flow rate at 6 sccm and work distance at 15 cm. The friction coefficient performs as 0.106 in verification experiments. Meanwhile, one-by-one factorial experiments were also carried out and discussed in this study.

Diamond-like carbon deposited by plasma technique as a function of methane flow rate

2010 ◽  
Vol 19 (7-9) ◽  
pp. 756-759 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.A. Viana ◽  
E.F. Motta ◽  
M.E.H.M. da Costa ◽  
F.L. Freire ◽  
F.C. Marques
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Diamond Like Carbon ◽  
Plasma Technique ◽  
Methane Flow Rate ◽  
Methane Flow

Effects of methane flow rate on the optical properties and chemical bonding of germanium carbon films deposited by reactive sputtering

Vacuum ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 90 ◽  
pp. 75-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing-Sen Che ◽  
Zheng-Tang Liu ◽  
Yang-Ping Li ◽  
Ning Wang ◽  
Zuo Xu
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Chemical Bonding ◽  
Reactive Sputtering ◽  
Carbon Films ◽  
Methane Flow Rate ◽  
Methane Flow

THE RATE OF REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH ETHANE, PROPANE, AND NEOPENTANE

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (8) ◽  
pp. 1948-1956 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. E. Jones ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Rate Constants ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Reactive Species ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Probe Technique ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Excited Species ◽  
Rate Of Reaction ◽  
Dual Activation

The reactions of active nitrogen with ethane, propane, and neopentane have been studied over the temperature range 0 to 450 °C. A cobalt probe technique was used to stop the reactions after various reaction times. Second order rate constants have been calculated on the assumption that nitrogen atoms are the only reactive species in active nitrogen. Broken Arrhenius lines were obtained for both the ethane and neopentane reactions but this behavior was not observed with the propane reaction. The dual activation energies have been attributed to a mechanism involving initiation by both excited molecules and either nitrogen or hydrogen atoms. Methods are outlined by which an estimate has been made of the concentration of excited species assumed to be involved in the ethane reaction.

scholarly journals Adaptive control of the methane flow rate in biogas plants

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khadidja Chaib Draa ◽  
Holger Voos ◽  
Marouane Alma ◽  
Mohamed Darouach
Keyword(s):  
Adaptive Control ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Methane Flow Rate ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
Methane Flow

THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH ACETYLENE

1953 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 129-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Versteeg ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Yields

The main products of this reaction were hydrogen cyanide and polymer that contained approximately 32% nitrogen. Yields of these substances increased to constant values with increase of acetylene flow rate. Some cyanogen and methane were also formed. The yield of cyanogen passed through a maximum with increased flow rate of acetylene, but the methane yields were quite erratic.

THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH HYDRAZINE

1955 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 692-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. R. Freeman ◽  
C. A. Winkler
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Chemical Reactivity ◽  
Large Contribution ◽  
Ammonia Production ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Flow Rates ◽  
Production Of Hydrogen ◽  
Secondary Reactions ◽  
Excited Nitrogen

Hydrazine was completely destroyed by active nitrogen, at both 150 °C. and 480 °C., up to a hydrazine flow rate of about 22 × 10−6 mole per sec., whereas ammonia production was small at hydrazine flow rates below about 12 × 10−6 mole per sec. Thus it appears that ammonia is formed in secondary reactions only. The results indicate that NH2 radicals rather than hydrogen atoms may be prominent in secondary reactions. Comparison of the rate of hydrazine destruction with the rate of production of hydrogen cyanide from ethylene indicates that excited nitrogen molecules do not make a large contribution to the chemical reactivity of active nitrogen.

THE REACTION OF ACTIVE NITROGEN WITH METHANOL

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1097-1103 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sole ◽  
P. A. Gartaganis
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Cyanide ◽  
Flow System ◽  
Main Reaction ◽  
Kcal Mole ◽  
Hydrogen Atoms ◽  
Active Nitrogen ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
Additional Water ◽  
Fast Flow ◽  
Methane Carbon

The reaction of active nitrogen with methanol has been investigated at several temperatures in the range 30 to 480 °C using a fast-flow system. The only condensable products found in appreciable amounts were water and hydrogen cyanide. The overall activation energy is 3.0 and 3.2 kcal/mole and the steric factors 1.3 × 10−3 and 2.1 × 10−3 for streamline and turbulent flow respectively.It is postulated that the mechanism consists of the initial formation of a collision complex, [NCH3OH], which breaks down to two fragments, NCH3 and OH, from which the two condensable products are formed,[Formula: see text]Attack of the methanol molecules by hydrogen atoms resulting from the main reaction occurs to a lesser extent and is responsible for the production of small quantities of methane, carbon monoxide, and additional water.

Luminescent Properties of SiC Thin Film Deposited by VHF-PECVD: Effect of Methane Flow Rate

2017 ◽  
Vol 268 ◽  
pp. 239-243
Author(s):  
Emilly Albert Alim ◽  
Muhammad Firdaus Omar ◽  
Abd. Khamim Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Quantum Confinement Effect ◽  
Chemical Vapour ◽  
Blue Emission ◽  
Light Sources ◽  
Very High Frequency ◽  
Blue Emission Band ◽  
Methane Flow Rate ◽  
Methane Flow

Bulk silicon carbide (SiC) as light emitter is less efficient due to its indirect bandgap. Therefore, nanosized SiC thin film fabrication approach enable emission wavelength shifts due to spatial confinement. The result of luminescent study of SiC thin film deposited via very high frequency plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition (VHF-PECVD) are presented. Precursor gasses used were silane and methane. Methane flow rate was varied from 8 sccm to 20 sccm while other parameters were maintained. Raman spectral analysis denotes the quantum confinement effect occurrence in proportion to the methane flow rate increment. The luminescence properties of the deposited SiC thin film ranging from highly green emission (~518 nm) to highly UVB emission (~294 nm) dominant luminescence. Broad blue emission band shifted toward higher wavelength with smaller FWHM as methane flow rate is increased. This results enable the possibility of luminescent SiC thin film applications in photonics and electronic integration as blue light sources.

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