Electrochemical behavior of amidine hydrochlorides and amidines

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (3) ◽  
pp. 362-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benoit Daoust ◽  
Jean Lessard
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Chloride Anion ◽  
Vitreous Carbon ◽  
Reduction Peak ◽  
Oxidation Peak ◽  
Preparative Electrolysis ◽  
Discharge Potential

The electrochemical behavior of N,N-dimethyl-N′-phenylformamidine hydrochloride was studied on a platinum electrode. The oxidation peak at +0.90 V vs. Ag/Ag+ 0.01 M (in CH3CN −0.1 M LiClO4) was assigned to the oxidation of the chloride anion. N,N-Dimethyl-N′-(4-chlorophenyl)formamidine and N,N-dimethyl-N′-(2-chlorophenyl)formamidine were isolated from the preparative electrolysis of this amidine hydrochloride. The electrochemical behavior of N-phenylbenzamidine hydrochloride and N-phenylcyclohex-3-enecarboxamidine hydrochloride was also studied at platinum and at vitreous carbon. Cyclic voltammetry of a number of amidines was performed. Only N-arylbenzamidines showed a reduction peak at potentials less negative than −3.0 V vs. Ag/Ag+ 0.01 M (discharge potential of the medium at vitreous carbon). Preparative electrooxidations of all amidines studied were unsuccessful because of strong and rapid passivation of the anode. Keywords: amidine, electrochemical oxidation, chloride, amidine hydrochloride.

scholarly journals Electrochemical Studies of o- and p- Anisidine

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-271
Author(s):  
Richa Sharma ◽  
Sushma Dave
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Linear Sweep Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Studies ◽  
Oxidation Peak ◽  
Cathodic Peak ◽  
Linear Sweep ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Sensitive Method

Electrochemical oxidation of methyl substituted aniline (anisidine) has been done on both gold and platinum electrode using cyclic voltammetry. The results were compared in different supporting electrolytes such as KCl, KNO3, H2SO4, HCl. Effect of pH was observed on electrochemical oxidation of o- & p- anisidine at gold and platinum electrode. During various scan single oxidation peak during first forward scan with no corresponding cathodic peak was obtained while a new anodic cathodic couple peak appears in subsequent scan obtained. Kinetic parameters like heterogeneous rate constant, transfer co-efficient and diffusion co-efficient were also calculated. A sensitive method was developed for estimation of micro quantities of anisidine by linear sweep voltammetry and hydrodynamic voltammetry.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 267-271 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12615 

In situ detection of intermediates from the interaction of dissolved sulfide and manganese oxides with a platinum electrode in aqueous systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yao Luo ◽  
Yougang Shen ◽  
Lihu Liu ◽  
Jun Hong ◽  
Guohong Qiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Manganese Oxides ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Aqueous Systems ◽  
Oxidation Peak ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Oxidation Peak Current ◽  
Dissolved Sulfide ◽  
In Situ Detection

Environmental contextDissolved sulfide results in soil acidification and subsequent contaminant leaching via oxidation processes, usually involving manganese oxides. In this work, redox processes were monitored in situ by cyclic voltammetry and HS– concentrations were semi-quantitatively determined. The method provides qualitative and semi-quantitative assessment for dissolved sulfide and its oxidation intermediates in aqueous systems. AbstractDissolved sulfide can be oxidised by manganese oxides in supergene environments, while the intermediates including S0, S2O32– and SO32– are easily oxidised by oxygen in air, resulting in some experimental errors in conventional analyses. In this work, the electrochemical behaviours of HS–, S2O32– and SO32– on a platinum electrode were studied by cyclic voltammetry and constant potential electrolysis, and in situ detection of the intermediates was conducted in aqueous systems of HS– and manganese oxides. The results showed that HS– was first oxidised to S0, and then transformed to SO42–. The peak current for the oxidation of HS– to S0 had a positive linear correlation with the used starting HS– concentration. S2O32– and SO32– were directly electrochemically oxidised to SO42–. The oxidation current peak potentials at 0, 0.45 and 0.7V were respectively observed for HS–, S2O32– and SO32– at pH 12.0. Cyclic voltammetry was conducted to monitor the redox processes of HS– and manganese oxides. The oxidation peak current of HS– to S0 decreased, and that of S2O32– to SO42– was observed to increase as the reaction proceeded. The rate of the decrease of the oxidation peak current of HS– indicated that the oxidation activity followed the order of birnessite>todorokite>manganite.

scholarly journals ELECTROCHEMICAL OXIDATION OF DIMETHYL SULFONE IN ALKALINE MEDIUM

2018 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Magomed A. Akhmedov ◽  
Shagabudin Sh. Khidirov ◽  
Madina Yu. Kaparova
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Alkaline Medium ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Base Material ◽  
Physicochemical Analysis ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Preparative Electrolysis ◽  
Dimethyl Sulfone

In this paper the electrochemical oxidation of dimethyl sulfone (DMSO2) on a platinum electrode in an alkaline medium has been studied by cyclic voltammetry. It is shown that during the electrochemical oxidation of dimethylsulfone in an alkaline medium on a smooth platinum electrode, a significant suppression of the oxygen evolution (O2) occurs in the potential range of E = 1.3-2.0 V. By scanning electron microscopy methods, Raman scattering and infrared spectrometry it is shown that the main substance is the dimethyl disulfone (DMDSO2) during the anodic oxidation of DMSO2 on a platinum electrode. By the preparative electrolysis of aqueous solutions of various concentrations of DMSO2 in 0.1 M NaOH solution at controlled potentials E = 1.6 and 1.8 V it is established that the current yield of the base material is not more than 84%. Based on the data of the physicochemical analysis of the final products of preparative electrolysis, a mechanism is proposed for the formation of dimethyl disulfone in an alkaline medium. It has been shown that the oxidation of dimethyl sulfone proceeds in the oxygen region by breaking C-S bonds in the DMSO2 molecule to form methyl (CH3•) and methylsulfonic (CH3S•(O)2) radicals. It is assumed that the methylsulfone radicals readily dimerize with the formation of stable DMDSO2 molecules and are desorbed in the bulk of the solution, and the methyl radicals bind to the HO radicals to form methanol molecules. The latter is well chemisorbed on the surface of platinum with the formation of adsorbed COH particles that are oxidized on a platinum electrode with the formation and evolution of carbon dioxide (CO2) from the volume of the anolyte solution. The formation of molecules of methanol was identified by the method of chromato-mass -spectrometry, and the emission of carbon dioxide by the gravimetry.

Electrochemical Oxidation of Probucol in Anhydrous Acetonitrile

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (7) ◽  
pp. 1100-1110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Nesměrák ◽  
Ivan Němec ◽  
Martin Štícha ◽  
Jiří Gabriel ◽  
Valentin Mirceski
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Anhydrous Acetonitrile ◽  
Preparative Electrolysis ◽  
Anodic Wave ◽  
Metabolic Oxidation

Electrochemical oxidation of probucol in anhydrous acetonitrile was studied as a model of the metabolic oxidation of the substance. The study was performed by DC voltammetry, potentiostatic coulometry, cyclic voltammetry and preparative electrolysis. Probucol gives a single anodic wave E1/2 = 0.92 V. Cyclic voltammetry showes that its electrooxidation proceeds by formation of probucol radical. 2,6-Di-tert-butyl-4-(isopropylsulfanyl)phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-sulfanylphenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol and 2,6-di-tert-butylphenol were isolated as products of electrochemical oxidation.

Electrochemical Behavior and Determination of Rutin at Inlaid Multi-Wall Carbon Nanotubes Modified Graphite Electrode and Reline Ionic Liquids

2013 ◽  
Vol 785-786 ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Qing Ye ◽  
Yan Zheng ◽  
Li Li Yan ◽  
Yun Tao Gao
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Ionic Liquids ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Graphite Electrode ◽  
Oxidation Peak ◽  
Peak Current ◽  
Multi Wall Carbon Nanotubes ◽  
Oxidation Peak Current

Inlaid multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified graphite electrode (MWCNTs-GE) was fabricated, combined with Reline Ionic Liquids which possess high conductivity and wide electrochemical window, the electrochemical behavior and determination of Rutin was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse stripping voltammetry. The result shows that the oxidation peak current of rutin increased obviously at the inlaid multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified graphite lectrode and in the Reline Ionic Liquids compared to that at the bare graphiteelectrode (GE). In phosphate buffer solution (pH=6.3), one pair of redox peak of rutin was obtained by cyclic voltammetry with 0.32 V of Epaand 0.24 V of Epc. The oxidation peak current value was linearly related to the concentration of rutin in the range of 2×10-6~3×10-5mol·L-1and the detection limit was 9.4×10-7mol·L-1. The average RSD of rutin was 4.0%. The average recovery was 100.2%. The inlaid multi-wall carbon nanotubes modified graphite electrode and the Reline Ionic Liquids had the function of electrocatalysis to oxidation of rutin obviously.This method is reliable, fast and convenient, sensitive and can be used for the determination of the content of rutin.

Electrochemical Oxidation of Borohydride on Cu Electrode

2011 ◽  
Vol 347-353 ◽  
pp. 3264-3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Hong Duan ◽  
Yi Fang Zhao ◽  
Shi Bin Liu ◽  
Ai Lian Wu
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Intermediate Product ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Oxidation Process ◽  
Potential Range ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Catalytic Activities ◽  
Electro Oxidation

The electrochemical behavior of BH4- on Cu electrode in 1M NaOH was investigated by cyclic voltammetry(CV) in the potential range of -1.2V to 0.4V versus Hg/HgO. The CV results show that Cu electrode has obvious catalytic activities to the BH4- hydrolysis which belongs to ‘catalytic’ electrode materials. The BH4- electro-oxidation process on Cu is complex and it could associate with the BH4- hydrolysis reaction, followed by oxidation of the intermediate H, then, the intermediate product (e.g. BH3OH−) oxidized, and direct oxidation of BH4- at more positive potentials.

Spectro-Electrochemistry of Diethyldithiocarbamate Complexes of Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II)

2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 202-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Şeniz Özalp Yaman ◽  
Ahmet M. Önal ◽  
Hiüseyin Isci
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Oxidation ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electrochemical Behaviour ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Electrochemical Process ◽  
Oxidation Peak ◽  
Complex Species ◽  
Constant Potential

Abstract The electrochemical behaviour of Na(Et2NCS2) and M(Et2NCS2)2 (M= Ni(II), Pd(II) and Pt(II); Et2NCS2-= diethyldithiocarbamate) as studied by cyclic voltammetry in the acetonitrile-( n-Bu)4NBF4 solvent-electrolyte couple at room temperature vs. Ag/Ag+ reference electrode. Constant potential electrolyses of the complexes were carried out at their first oxidation peak potentials and monitored in situ by UV-VIS spectrophotometry. The electrolysis of Ni(Et2NCS2)2 in solution yielded the dimer of the ligand, (Et2NCS2)2, and Ni2+(sol) as final products. During this electrochemical process the formation of a Ni(III) complex species as an intermediate has been observed. The electrochemical oxidation of bis(diethyldithiocarbamato) complexes of Pd(II) and Pt(II) yielded [Pd(Et2NCS2)3]+ and [Pt(Et2NCS2)3]+, respectively.

Electrochemical Behavior of Promethazine Hydrochloride and its Interaction with Bovine Serum Albumin

2012 ◽  
Vol 554-556 ◽  
pp. 450-453
Author(s):  
Ling Ling He ◽  
Xin Wang ◽  
Bin Liu ◽  
Rui Mei Xu
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Bovine Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Bovine Serum ◽  
Oxidation Peak ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Bsa Binding ◽  
Irreversible Oxidation ◽  
Promethazine Hydrochloride

In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of promethazine hydrochloride (PMT) and its interaction with bovine serum albumin (BSA) were studied by means of cyclic voltammetry. In pH 6.5 Tris-HCl buffer solution, PMT exhibits a pair of reversible peaks and an irreversible oxidation peak at a bare gold electrode. The electrode reactions are the process controlled by adsorption. The results of cyclic voltammetry suggest that a BSA-PMT complex is formed, and this complex is not electroactive. The absorption spectra confirm the binding PMT to BSA. The binding number m and the binding constant β of BSA binding to PMT are 2.10 and 7.43×105L/mol, respectively.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of N-(Ferrocenylmethyl)Aminobenzonitrile and N-(Ferrocenylmethyl)Nitroaniline Derivatives

2015 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 27-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chérifa Boubekri ◽  
Abdehamid Khelef ◽  
Belgacem Terki ◽  
Touhami Lanez
Keyword(s):  
Cyclic Voltammetry ◽  
Electrochemical Properties ◽  
Electrochemical Behavior ◽  
Platinum Electrode ◽  
Redox Process ◽  
Ferrocene Derivatives ◽  
Positive Potential ◽  
Formal Potential ◽  
Ferrocenyl Group ◽  
Ft Ir

Seven novel ferrocene derivatives containing (methylamino)benzonitrile and N-methylnitroaniline groups (3a-3f and 4) have been synthesized by conventional methods and characterized by FT-IR, NMR and cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behavior of these compounds (3a-3f) has been studied by cyclic voltammetry measurements at a platinum electrode in acetonitrile/0.1 M TBAP. The ferrocenyl group in all compounds showed similar reversible one-electron redox process, suggesting that the ferrocene moieties are equivalent and that there are no interactions among them. The formal potential, , is shifted to the more positive potential, indicating that the (methylamino)benzonitrile and N-methylnitroaniline introduced to ferrocene moiety exercise an electron-withdrawing effect.

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