Cloning of the Nocardia corallina polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene and production of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and poly-(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate)

The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene (phaCNc) from Nocardia corallina was identified in a lambda library on a 6-kb BamHI fragment. A 2.8-kb XhoII subfragment was found to contain the ntact PHA synthase. This 2.8-kb fragment was subjected to DNA sequencing and was found to contain the coding region for the PHA synthase and a small downstream open reading frame of unknown function. On the basis of DNA sequence, phaCNc is closest in homology to the PHA synthases (phaCPaI and phaCPaII) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (approximately 41% identity and 55% similarity). The 2.8-kb XhoII fragment containing phaCNc was subcloned into broad host range mobilizable plasmids and transferred into Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes (both containing a plasmid bearing phaA and phaB from Ralstonia eutropha), and PHA-negative strains of R. eutropha and Pseudomonas putida. The recombinant strains were grown on various carbon sources and the resulting polymers were analyzed. In these strains, the PHA synthase from N. corallina was able to mediate the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-hexanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyhexanoate when grown on hexanoate and larger even-chain fatty acids and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyheptanoate when grown on heptanoate or larger odd-chain fatty acids. Key words: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Nocardia corallina, biodegradable, polyester.

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Inclusion of Soluble Fiber in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Affects Plasma Propionate and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Levels, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21020635 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chuanhui Xu ◽

Chuanshang Cheng ◽

Xiu Zhang ◽

Jian Peng

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The transition from pregnancy to lactation is characterized by a progressive decrease in insulin sensitivity. Propionate increases with dietary fiber consumption and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that plasma odd-chain fatty acids [OCFAs; pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)] that inversely correlated with insulin resistance are synthesized endogenously from gut-derived propionate. The present study investigated the effects of soluble fiber during gestation on gut microbiota, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in sows. Sows were allocated to either control or 2.0% guar gum plus pregelatinized waxy maize starch (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. The SF addition changes the structure and composition of gut microbiota in sows. Genus Eubacterium increased by SF addition may promote intestinal propionate production. Moreover, the dietary SF increased circulating levels of plasma OCFAs, especially C17:0. The SF-fed sows had a higher insulin sensitivity and a lower systemic inflammation level during perinatal period. Furthermore, the plasma C15:0 and C17:0 was negatively correlated with the area under curve of plasma glucose after meal and plasma interleukin-6. In conclusion, dietary SF improves insulin sensitivity and alleviates systemic inflammation in perinatal sows, potentially related to its stimulating effect on propionate and OCFAs production.

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Odd-chain fatty acids as markers of the microbial colonisation of freshly-ingested grass and microbial contamination of dacron bag residues

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200007067 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 50-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. J. Kim ◽

R. T. Evans ◽

J. K. S. Tweed ◽

D. R. Davies ◽

R. J. Merry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Rumen Microbes ◽

Rumen Degradation ◽

Plant Enzymes ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The overall objective of our work is to assess the relative contributions of plant enzymes and rumen microbes to rumen degradation of freshly-ingested herbage. In situ techniques have been used extensively to compare rumen degradation characteristics of feeds, though there remain technical problems associated with microbial contamination of residues after incubation. We hypothesised that techniques to study microbial contamination might also provide insights into microbial colonisation. Our earlier studies (Lee et al., 1999) identified distinctive odd-chain fatty acids that could be used as microbial markers. A dacron bag study was conducted to examine the influence of dacron bag rinsing techniques on DM disappearance and microbial contamination in residues from fresh grass, assessed using odd-chain fatty acids as markers.

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De novo Biosynthesis of Odd-Chain Fatty Acids in Yarrowia lipolytica Enabled by Modular Pathway Engineering

Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology ◽

10.3389/fbioe.2019.00484 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Young-kyoung Park ◽

Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro ◽

Jean-Marc Nicaud

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Yarrowia Lipolytica ◽

De Novo ◽

Pathway Engineering ◽

De Novo Biosynthesis ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Predict Insulin Sensitivity in People with T2DM and Protect HepG2 Cells from Palmitate-Induced Insulin Resistance Via PPARα

Free Radical Biology and Medicine ◽

10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.459 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 100 ◽

pp. S174

Author(s):

Ogwu John Ikwuobe ◽

Karan Rana ◽

James Brown ◽

Chathyan Pararasa ◽

Kiran Shabir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Insulin Resistance ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Hepg2 Cells ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Pentadecanoic and Heptadecanoic Acids: Multifaceted Odd-Chain Fatty Acids

Advances in Nutrition ◽

10.3945/an.115.011387 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 730-734 ◽

Cited By ~ 54

Author(s):

Maria Pfeuffer ◽

Anke Jaudszus

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Plasma total odd-chain fatty acids in the monitoring of disorders of propionate, methylmalonate and biotin metabolism

Journal of Inherited Metabolic Disease ◽

10.1007/bf01799166 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 19 (6) ◽

pp. 743-751 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

M. Çoker ◽

J. B. C. de Klerk ◽

B. T. Poll-The ◽

J. G. M. Huijmans ◽

M. Duran

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Final Health and Environmental Risk Assessment of Genetically Modified Soybean 356043

European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety ◽

10.9734/ejnfs/2021/v13i130346 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 43-45

Author(s):

Åshild Kristin Andreassen ◽

Nana Yaa Ohene Asare ◽

Anne Marie Bakke ◽

Knut Kelkås Dahl ◽

Knut Thomas Dalen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amino Acids ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Environmental Risk ◽

Nutritional Assessment ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Herbicidal Activity ◽

Soybean Cultivars ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Conventional Counterpart ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

Soybean 356043 expresses both the gat gene from the soil bacterium Bacillus licheniformis and the gm - hra gene, an optimised form of the endogenous acetolactate synthase (als) coding sequence from soybean (Glycine max; gm). The encoded GAT4601 protein, glyphosate acetyltransferase, confers the ability to inactivate the active herbicidal substances glyphosate and glyphosate-ammonium to N-acetyl glyphosate, which does not have herbicidal activity. The encoded GM-HRA protein confers increased tolerance to the active, ALS-inhibiting, herbicidal substances chlorimuron, thifensulfuron and sulfonylureas. Bioinformatics analyses of the inserted DNA and flanking sequences in soybean 356043 have not indicated a potential production of putative harmful proteins or polypeptides caused by the genetic modification. Genomic stability of the functional insert and consistent expression of the gat gene, have been shown over several generations of soybean 356043. Data from several field trials performed in USA, Canada, Chile and Argentina during 2005-2006 show that soybean 356043 contains higher levels of especially the acetylated amino acid N-acetyl aspartate, but also N-acetyl glutamate and the odd-chain fatty acids heptadecanoic, heptadecenoic and heptadecadienoic acids, in addition to expression of the newly expressed proteins. Otherwise the soybean 356043 is compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean cultivars. The acetylated amino acids and odd-chain fatty acids are normal constituents of plant and animal-derived foods and feeds, and an in-depth toxicity and intake assessment did not reveal safety concerns regarding consumer intake at the levels present in soybean 356043. Sub-chronic feeding studies with rats, repeated-dose toxicity studies with mice, as well as nutritional assessment trials with broilers and laying hens have not revealed adverse effects of soybean 356043. These studies indicate that soybean 356043 is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as conventional soybean cultivars. The GAT4601 and GM-HRA proteins produced in soybean 356043 do not show sequence resemblance to known toxins or IgE-dependent allergens, nor has the whole GM plant been reported to cause changes in IgE-mediated allergic reactions in patients reactive to soybean or in non-ectopic control individuals. Soybean is not cultivated in Norway, and there are no cross-compatible wild or weedy relatives of soybean in Europe. Based on current knowledge and considering the intended uses, which exclude cultivation, the VKM GMO Panel concludes that soybean 356043 with the GAT4601 and GM-HRA proteins: - Is – with the exception of the novel traits and resulting increased content of the acetylated amino acids NAA and NAG, and the odd-chain fatty acids heptadecanoic, heptadecenoic and heptadecadienoic acids – compositionally, morphologically and agronomically equivalent to its conventional counterpart and other commercial soybean cultivars - Are unlikely to introduce toxic or allergenic potentials in food or feed compared to conventional soybean cultivars - Is nutritionally equivalent to and as safe as its conventional counterpart and other conventional soybean cultivars - Does not represent an environmental risk in Norway.

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