Odd-chain fatty acids as markers of the microbial colonisation of freshly-ingested grass and microbial contamination of dacron bag residues

The overall objective of our work is to assess the relative contributions of plant enzymes and rumen microbes to rumen degradation of freshly-ingested herbage. In situ techniques have been used extensively to compare rumen degradation characteristics of feeds, though there remain technical problems associated with microbial contamination of residues after incubation. We hypothesised that techniques to study microbial contamination might also provide insights into microbial colonisation. Our earlier studies (Lee et al., 1999) identified distinctive odd-chain fatty acids that could be used as microbial markers. A dacron bag study was conducted to examine the influence of dacron bag rinsing techniques on DM disappearance and microbial contamination in residues from fresh grass, assessed using odd-chain fatty acids as markers.

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Biplot analysis to describe the relationships between plant and microbial fatty acids in ingested herbage

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200011029 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 2005 ◽

pp. 191-191

Author(s):

E. J. Kim ◽

R. Sanderson ◽

M. S. Dhanoa ◽

R. J. Dewhurst

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Microbial Activity ◽

Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Multivariate Statistical ◽

Biplot Analysis ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The Dacron bag technique has been widely used to estimate degradation in the rumen. The drawbacks, such as variation in rinsing losses and inability to correct for microbial contamination, are well known. However, these effects also suggest the potential to use the technique in studies of microbial colonisation. Other studies in our laboratory have investigated the use of odd-chain fatty acids (C15:0 and C17:0) as markers of rumen microbial activity (Fievez et al, 2003) because they are generally rare or absent from feeds. The objective of this work was to use multivariate statistical analysis to explore the relationships between plant and microbial fatty acids in ingested herbage.

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Cloning of the Nocardia corallina polyhydroxyalkanoate synthase gene and production of poly-(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) and poly-(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate)

Canadian Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.1139/w98-048 ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 44 (7) ◽

pp. 687-691 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Brian Hall ◽

Jennifer Baldwin ◽

Ho Gun Rhie ◽

Douglas Dennis

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Ralstonia Eutropha ◽

Carbon Sources ◽

Pha Synthase ◽

Broad Host Range ◽

Coding Region ◽

Reading Frame ◽

Nocardia Corallina ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene (phaCNc) from Nocardia corallina was identified in a lambda library on a 6-kb BamHI fragment. A 2.8-kb XhoII subfragment was found to contain the ntact PHA synthase. This 2.8-kb fragment was subjected to DNA sequencing and was found to contain the coding region for the PHA synthase and a small downstream open reading frame of unknown function. On the basis of DNA sequence, phaCNc is closest in homology to the PHA synthases (phaCPaI and phaCPaII) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (approximately 41% identity and 55% similarity). The 2.8-kb XhoII fragment containing phaCNc was subcloned into broad host range mobilizable plasmids and transferred into Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes (both containing a plasmid bearing phaA and phaB from Ralstonia eutropha), and PHA-negative strains of R. eutropha and Pseudomonas putida. The recombinant strains were grown on various carbon sources and the resulting polymers were analyzed. In these strains, the PHA synthase from N. corallina was able to mediate the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-hexanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyhexanoate when grown on hexanoate and larger even-chain fatty acids and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyheptanoate when grown on heptanoate or larger odd-chain fatty acids. Key words: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Nocardia corallina, biodegradable, polyester.

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Inclusion of Soluble Fiber in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Affects Plasma Propionate and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Levels, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21020635 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chuanhui Xu ◽

Chuanshang Cheng ◽

Xiu Zhang ◽

Jian Peng

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The transition from pregnancy to lactation is characterized by a progressive decrease in insulin sensitivity. Propionate increases with dietary fiber consumption and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that plasma odd-chain fatty acids [OCFAs; pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)] that inversely correlated with insulin resistance are synthesized endogenously from gut-derived propionate. The present study investigated the effects of soluble fiber during gestation on gut microbiota, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in sows. Sows were allocated to either control or 2.0% guar gum plus pregelatinized waxy maize starch (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. The SF addition changes the structure and composition of gut microbiota in sows. Genus Eubacterium increased by SF addition may promote intestinal propionate production. Moreover, the dietary SF increased circulating levels of plasma OCFAs, especially C17:0. The SF-fed sows had a higher insulin sensitivity and a lower systemic inflammation level during perinatal period. Furthermore, the plasma C15:0 and C17:0 was negatively correlated with the area under curve of plasma glucose after meal and plasma interleukin-6. In conclusion, dietary SF improves insulin sensitivity and alleviates systemic inflammation in perinatal sows, potentially related to its stimulating effect on propionate and OCFAs production.

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Ionotropic receptors in the turnip moth Agrotis segetum respond to repellent medium-chain fatty acids

10.1101/2021.02.25.432965 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Xiao-Qing Hou ◽

Dan-Dan Zhang ◽

Daniel Powell ◽

Hong-Lei Wang ◽

Martin N. Andersson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Octanoic Acid ◽

Odorant Receptors ◽

Agrotis Segetum ◽

Nonanoic Acid ◽

Ionotropic Receptors ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

In insects, airborne chemical signals are mainly detected by two receptor families, odorant receptors (ORs) and ionotropic receptors (IRs). Functions of ORs have been intensively investigated in Diptera and Lepidoptera, while the functions and evolution of the more ancient IR family remain largely unexplored beyond Diptera. Here, we identified a repertoire of 26 IRs from transcriptomes of female and male antennae, and ovipositors in the moth Agrotis segetum. We observed that a large clade formed by IR75p and IR75q expansions is closely related to the acid-sensing IRs identified in Diptera. We functionally assayed each of the five AsegIRs from this clade using Xenopus oocytes and found that two receptors responded to the tested ligands. AsegIR75p.1 responded to several compounds but hexanoic acid was revealed to be the primary ligand, and AsegIR75q.2 responded primarily to octanoic acid, and less so to nonanoic acid. It has been reported that the C6-C10 medium-chain fatty acids repel various insects including many drosophilids and mosquitos. Our GC-EAD recordings showed that C6-C10 medium-chain fatty acids elicited antennal responses of both sexes of A. segetum, while only octanoic acid had repellent effect to the moths in a behavioural assay. In addition, using fluorescence in situ hybridization, we demonstrated that AsegIR75q.2 and its co-receptor AsegIR8a are not located in coeloconic sensilla as found in Drosophila, but in basiconic or trichoid sensilla. These functional data in combination with our phylogenetic analysis suggest that subfunctionalization of the acid-sensing IRs after gene duplication plays an important role in the evolution of ligand specificities of the acid-sensing IRs in Lepidoptera.

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In-situ ammonia stripping with alkaline fermentation of waste activated sludge to improve short-chain fatty acids production and carbon source availability

Bioresource Technology ◽

10.1016/j.biortech.2020.122782 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 301 ◽

pp. 122782 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Min Ye ◽

Jinghuan Luo ◽

Sitong Zhang ◽

Huan Yang ◽

Yu-You Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Carbon Source ◽

Activated Sludge ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Waste Activated Sludge ◽

Ammonia Stripping ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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The combined use of triacylglycerols containing medium-chain fatty acids and exogenous lipolytic enzymes as an alternative to in-feed antibiotics in piglets: concept, possibilities and limitations. An overview

Nutrition Research Reviews ◽

10.1079/nrr200369 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 16 (2) ◽

pp. 193-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 56

Author(s):

J. A. Decuypere ◽

N. A. Dierick

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Lipase Activity ◽

Antimicrobial Agents ◽

Antibacterial Properties ◽

Carcass Composition ◽

Cross Resistance ◽

Medium Chain ◽

Medium Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

In the search for alternatives to banned in-feed antibiotics, a concept was developed based on studies with medium-chain fatty acid-containing triacylglycerols (MCTAG) and selected lipases forin situgeneration of diacylglycerols, monoacylglycerols and medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) in the stomach and proximal gut of piglets. MCFA are known to have strong antibacterial properties but can hardly be used as such because of their repellent odour and taste. Those problems could be overcome by the generation of MCFAin situ. The concept was testedin vitroand validatedin vivowith gastric-cannulated piglets and under field conditions, including effects on zootechnical performance, with classical antibacterial growth promoters or organic acids acting as positive controls. Furthermore, the metabolic and dietary constraints on the nutritional and nutritive use of MCTAG and/or MCFA (for example, the effects on digestive physiology, gut flora, feed intake, performance, carcass composition) are reviewed. The role of natural preduodenal lipase activity, the presence of endogenous plant lipase activity in raw materials and the feasibility for exogenous lipase addition to the feed are discussed, in order to optimize the concept. The present review illustrates the similarity of the action of MCFA and commonly used antimicrobials on the flora (total flora, Gram-positive flora, Gram-negative flora, potential pathogens) and epithelial morphology and histology in the foregut. These observations are believed to be the basis for obtaining optimal growth performances. In addition, these naturally occurring antimicrobial agents have little or no human or animal toxicity and induce no problems of residues and cross-resistance induction. They are proposed as a valuable alternative to in-feed antibiotics, used for growth promotion, and even for the preventive and curative treatment of gastrointestinal diseases.

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