Odd Chain Fatty Acids are not Robust Biomarkers for Dietary Intake of Fiber

The polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) synthase gene (phaCNc) from Nocardia corallina was identified in a lambda library on a 6-kb BamHI fragment. A 2.8-kb XhoII subfragment was found to contain the ntact PHA synthase. This 2.8-kb fragment was subjected to DNA sequencing and was found to contain the coding region for the PHA synthase and a small downstream open reading frame of unknown function. On the basis of DNA sequence, phaCNc is closest in homology to the PHA synthases (phaCPaI and phaCPaII) of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (approximately 41% identity and 55% similarity). The 2.8-kb XhoII fragment containing phaCNc was subcloned into broad host range mobilizable plasmids and transferred into Escherichia coli, Klebsiella aerogenes (both containing a plasmid bearing phaA and phaB from Ralstonia eutropha), and PHA-negative strains of R. eutropha and Pseudomonas putida. The recombinant strains were grown on various carbon sources and the resulting polymers were analyzed. In these strains, the PHA synthase from N. corallina was able to mediate the production of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-hexanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyhexanoate when grown on hexanoate and larger even-chain fatty acids and poly(3-hydroxyvalerate-co-3-hydroxyheptanoate) containing high levels of 3-hydroxyheptanoate when grown on heptanoate or larger odd-chain fatty acids. Key words: polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), Nocardia corallina, biodegradable, polyester.

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Inclusion of Soluble Fiber in the Gestation Diet Changes the Gut Microbiota, Affects Plasma Propionate and Odd-Chain Fatty Acids Levels, and Improves Insulin Sensitivity in Sows

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms21020635 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 635 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Chuanhui Xu ◽

Chuanshang Cheng ◽

Xiu Zhang ◽

Jian Peng

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Insulin Sensitivity ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Systemic Inflammation ◽

Guar Gum ◽

Dietary Treatment ◽

Perinatal Period ◽

Soluble Fiber ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The transition from pregnancy to lactation is characterized by a progressive decrease in insulin sensitivity. Propionate increases with dietary fiber consumption and has been shown to improve insulin sensitivity. Recent studies suggest that plasma odd-chain fatty acids [OCFAs; pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) and heptadecanoic acid (C17:0)] that inversely correlated with insulin resistance are synthesized endogenously from gut-derived propionate. The present study investigated the effects of soluble fiber during gestation on gut microbiota, plasma non-esterified fatty acids and insulin sensitivity in sows. Sows were allocated to either control or 2.0% guar gum plus pregelatinized waxy maize starch (SF) dietary treatment during gestation. The SF addition changes the structure and composition of gut microbiota in sows. Genus Eubacterium increased by SF addition may promote intestinal propionate production. Moreover, the dietary SF increased circulating levels of plasma OCFAs, especially C17:0. The SF-fed sows had a higher insulin sensitivity and a lower systemic inflammation level during perinatal period. Furthermore, the plasma C15:0 and C17:0 was negatively correlated with the area under curve of plasma glucose after meal and plasma interleukin-6. In conclusion, dietary SF improves insulin sensitivity and alleviates systemic inflammation in perinatal sows, potentially related to its stimulating effect on propionate and OCFAs production.

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Branched-Chain Fatty Acids in the Neonatal Gut and Estimated Dietary Intake in Infancy and Adulthood

Nestlé Nutrition Institute Workshop Series - The Importance of Immunonutrition ◽

10.1159/000351396 ◽

2013 ◽

pp. 133-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Rinat R. Ran-Ressler ◽

Raymond P. Glahn ◽

SangEun Bae ◽

J. Thomas Brenna

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Branched Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Branched Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Associations of gut microbiota, dietary intake, and serum short-chain fatty acids with fecal short-chain fatty acids

Bioscience of Microbiota Food and Health ◽

10.12938/bmfh.19-010 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 39 (1) ◽

pp. 11-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Ryodai YAMAMURA ◽

Koshi NAKAMURA ◽

Naoya KITADA ◽

Tomoyasu AIZAWA ◽

Yu SHIMIZU ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Short Chain ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

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Odd-chain fatty acids as markers of the microbial colonisation of freshly-ingested grass and microbial contamination of dacron bag residues

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Science ◽

10.1017/s1752756200007067 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 2002 ◽

pp. 50-50 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

E. J. Kim ◽

R. T. Evans ◽

J. K. S. Tweed ◽

D. R. Davies ◽

R. J. Merry ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Microbial Contamination ◽

Technical Problems ◽

Rumen Microbes ◽

Rumen Degradation ◽

Plant Enzymes ◽

Odd Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Chain Fatty Acids

The overall objective of our work is to assess the relative contributions of plant enzymes and rumen microbes to rumen degradation of freshly-ingested herbage. In situ techniques have been used extensively to compare rumen degradation characteristics of feeds, though there remain technical problems associated with microbial contamination of residues after incubation. We hypothesised that techniques to study microbial contamination might also provide insights into microbial colonisation. Our earlier studies (Lee et al., 1999) identified distinctive odd-chain fatty acids that could be used as microbial markers. A dacron bag study was conducted to examine the influence of dacron bag rinsing techniques on DM disappearance and microbial contamination in residues from fresh grass, assessed using odd-chain fatty acids as markers.

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