Quantitative relationships among thaxtomin A production, potato scab severity, and fatty acid composition in Streptomyces

1998 ◽  
Vol 44 (8) ◽  
pp. 768-776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda L Kinkel ◽  
John H Bowers ◽  
Kyoko Shimizu ◽  
Eric C Neeno-Eckwall ◽  
Janet L Schottel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Scab ◽  
Quantitative Information ◽  
Fatty Acid Profiles ◽  
Field Isolates ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Potato Common Scab ◽  
Fatty Acid Data

Thaxtomin A production in culture, potato common scab severity (percentage of tuber surface infected or number of lesions per tuber), and fatty acid profiles were determined for 78 Streptomyces isolates. Only pathogenic Streptomyces spp. (n = 17) produced thaxtomin A in culture. Thaxtomin A production in culture (µg/mL) was significantly positively correlated with the percentage of tuber surface infected (R = 0.60; p = 0.017) but not with the number of lesions per tuber (R = 0.37; p = 0.17). An increase of 1 µg/mL in thaxtomin A production corresponded to an 11% increase in disease severity (percentage of tuber surface infected). The data indicate that quantitative information on the ability of a particular pathogen isolate or population to produce thaxtomin A may be critical to understanding and predicting the disease potential of that population. Using cluster analysis of fatty acid data, 94% of 67 unknown field isolates grouped with other field isolates having the same pathogenicity (plus or minus).Key words: thaxtomin A, phytotoxin, potato scab.

scholarly journals Characterization of a New Streptomyces Strain, DS3024, That Causes Potato Common Scab

Plant Disease ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 1329-1334 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. J. Hao ◽  
Q. X. Meng ◽  
J. F. Yin ◽  
W. W. Kirk
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
North Central ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
The North ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Common Marker ◽  
Central United States ◽  
Potato Common Scab

A novel strain of Streptomyces (named DS3024) was isolated from a potato field in Michigan in 2006. The taxonomy of the organism was determined by morphology, biochemistry, and genetic analysis. Analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequence indicated that the organism was most similar to an isolate of Streptomyces sp., ME02-6979.3a, which is not pathogenic to potato tubers but is distinct from other known pathogenic Streptomyces spp. Strain DS3024 has genes that encode thaxtomin synthetase (txtAB), which is required for pathogenicity and virulence, and tomatinase (tomA), which is a common marker for many pathogenic Streptomyces spp. However, the nec1 gene (associated with virulence in most pathogenic Streptomyces spp.) was not detected. The new strain was capable of growth at pH 4.5, caused necrosis on potato tuber slices, and produced thaxtomin A. In greenhouse experiments, DS3024 caused scab symptoms on potato tubers similar to those caused by Streptomyces scabies on tubers of potato cv. Atlantic, which is scab susceptible. We propose that DS3024 is a new strain of Streptomyces capable of causing common scab on potato tubers. The prevalence of this strain of Streptomyces in potato-producing areas in the north-central United States has not been determined.

scholarly journals Isolation and Characterization of Plant-Pathogenic Streptomyces Species Associated with Common Scab-Infected Potato Tubers in Newfoundland

2016 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna K. Fyans ◽  
Luke Bown ◽  
Dawn R. D. Bignell
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Virulence Gene ◽  
Potato Scab ◽  
Potato Tubers ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Putative Virulence Gene ◽  
Isolation And Characterization

Potato common scab (CS) is an economically important crop disease that is caused by several members of the genus Streptomyces. In this study, we characterized the plant-pathogenic Streptomyces spp. associated with CS-infected potato tubers harvested in Newfoundland, Canada. A total of 17 pathogenic Streptomyces isolates were recovered from potato scab lesions, of which eight were determined to be most similar to the known CS pathogen S. europaeiscabiei. All eight S. europaeiscabiei isolates were found to produce the thaxtomin A phytotoxin and to harbor the nec1 virulence gene, and most also carry the putative virulence gene tomA. The remaining isolates appear to be novel pathogenic species that do not produce thaxtomin A, and only two of these isolates were determined to harbor the nec1 or tomA genes. Of the non-thaxtomin-producing isolates, strain 11-1-2 was shown to exhibit a severe pathogenic phenotype against different plant hosts and to produce a novel, secreted phytotoxic substance. This is the first report documenting the plant-pathogenic Streptomyces spp. associated with CS disease in Newfoundland. Furthermore, our findings provide further evidence that phytotoxins other than thaxtomin A may also contribute to the development of CS by Streptomyces spp.

scholarly journals Potato berry bioassay to detect Streptomyces spp. that produce phytotoxic thaxtomin A and cause potato common scab.

2006 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 135-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. NAITO ◽  
M. MAEDA ◽  
S. TANI ◽  
D. IMAJI ◽  
S. AKINO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Potato Common Scab

scholarly journals Comparative Genomics of Potato Common Scab-Causing Streptomyces spp. Displaying Varying Virulence

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cindy Hudec ◽  
Adrien Biessy ◽  
Amy Novinscak ◽  
Renée St-Onge ◽  
Simon Lamarre ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene Cluster ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Clear Correlation ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Potato Common Scab

Common scab of potato causes important economic losses worldwide following the development of necrotic lesions on tubers. In this study, the genomes of 14 prevalent scab-causing Streptomyces spp. isolated from Prince Edward Island, one of the most important Canadian potato production areas, were sequenced and annotated. Their phylogenomic affiliation was determined, their pan-genome was characterized, and pathogenic determinants involved in their virulence, ranging from weak to aggressive, were compared. 13 out of 14 strains clustered with Streptomyces scabiei, while the last strain clustered with Streptomyces acidiscabies. The toxicogenic and colonization genomic regions were compared, and while some atypical gene organizations were observed, no clear correlation with virulence was observed. The production of the phytotoxin thaxtomin A was also quantified and again, contrary to previous reports in the literature, no clear correlation was found between the amount of thaxtomin A secreted, and the virulence observed. Although no significant differences were observed when comparing the presence/absence of the main virulence factors among the strains of S. scabiei, a distinct profile was observed for S. acidiscabies. Several mutations predicted to affect the functionality of some virulence factors were identified, including one in the bldA gene that correlates with the absence of thaxtomin A production despite the presence of the corresponding biosynthetic gene cluster in S. scabiei LBUM 1485. These novel findings obtained using a large number of scab-causing Streptomyces strains are challenging some assumptions made so far on Streptomyces’ virulence and suggest that other factors, yet to be characterized, are also key contributors.

scholarly journals A Quantitative Method for Determining Soil Populations of Streptomyces and Differentiating Potential Potato Scab-Inducing Strains

Plant Disease ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 82 (6) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth L. Conn ◽  
Edlira Leci ◽  
Giora Kritzman ◽  
George Lazarovits
Keyword(s):  
Potato Scab ◽  
Colony Morphology ◽  
Malt Extract ◽  
Facilitated Diffusion ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Plastic Bags ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Layer Chromatography

A procedure is described for estimating Streptomyces populations in soil. Soils are air-dried, 10g quantities are shaken in plastic bags containing 0.1% water agar and homogenized with a Stomacher homogenizer, serial dilutions are plated on a semi-selective culture (STR) medium and incubated for 2 weeks at 22°C, and the Streptomyces colonies are enumerated. Use of STR medium reduced the bacterial and fungal colonies recovered from soil to levels below that of the Streptomyces spp. while not affecting the number of Streptomyces colonies compared with those enumerated on yeast malt extract medium. A procedure for screening large numbers of Streptomyces strains for thaxtomin production, a phytotoxin recognized as a virulence marker in S. scabies, is also described. Strains are grown on oatmeal medium, and the thaxtomin is extracted from the medium by facilitated diffusion and detected by miniature thin layer chromatography. S. scabies and S. acidiscabies strains (approximately 130 from Ontario and 70 from other locations in North America) that produced thaxtomin did not form aerial mycelia or sporulate on STR medium within 2 weeks at 22°C. Ontario S. scabies strains that produced thaxtomin A also produced melanin on STR medium. All S. scabies strains from scab lesions that produced thaxtomin A had this colony morphology, whereas only 4 to 9% of strains from soil with this colony morphology produced thaxtomin A. Using these procedures, we determined that the population of thaxtomin-producing S. scabies in soil from a potato field in Ontario with a history of potato scab was about 20,000 CFU/g soil.

scholarly journals Relationship Between the Application of Foliar Chemicals to Reduce Common Scab Disease of Potato and Correlation with Thaxtomin A Toxicity

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert S. Tegg ◽  
Ross Corkrey ◽  
Calum R. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Measurement Error ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Russet Burbank Potato ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Tuber Initiation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Symptom Development ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Foliar Sprays ◽  
Streptomyces Spp

Production of the phytotoxin thaxtomin A by pathogenic Streptomyces spp. is essential for induction of common scab disease in potato. The disease can be significantly reduced by a range of chemicals applied as foliar sprays before tuber initiation. We tested a range of chemicals that had previously demonstrated varying capacities to reduce common scab for both disease suppression and their ability to inhibit thaxtomin A toxicity in both ‘Desiree’ and ‘Russet Burbank’ potato. Our results for disease suppression generally supported previous studies. Our tuber slice assays with thaxtomin A showed a strong correlation between the ability of the chemical to suppress common scab symptom development and the ability of the chemical to inhibit thaxtomin A toxicity. A Bayesian measurement error linear regression model was derived for each cultivar and trial and demonstrated a clear positive relationship between disease and thaxtomin-A-induced necrosis. The relationships obtained were much stronger than would have been obtained without adjustment for measurement error. This demonstrates that disease mitigation using chemical foliar sprays is strongly correlated with the ability of the chemical to inhibit thaxtomin A toxicity, suggesting this mechanism as a key mode of action for understanding this novel disease control strategy.

scholarly journals Phenazine Production by Pseudomonas sp. LBUM223 Contributes to the Biological Control of Potato Common Scab

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (10) ◽  
pp. 995-1000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Arseneault ◽  
Claudia Goyer ◽  
Martin Filion
Keyword(s):  
Common Scab ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Pseudomonas Sp ◽  
Thaxtomin A ◽  
Potato Common Scab ◽  
Phenazine Production ◽  
Pathogen Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Important Disease

Common scab of potato is mainly caused by Streptomyces scabies. Currently, no method can efficiently control this economically important disease. We have previously determined that Pseudomonas sp. LBUM223 exhibits antagonistic properties toward S. scabies under in vitro conditions. Inhibition was mainly attributed to phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (PCA) production because an isogenic mutant of LBUM223 (phzC–), not producing PCA, was incapable of significantly reducing S. scabies growth. In order to understand the impact of PCA production by LBUM223 in controlling common scab under soil conditions, pot experiments were performed to determine its effect on (i) reducing scab symptoms development, (ii) S. scabies population dynamics, and (iii) txtA expression in S. scabies, a key gene involved in thaxtomin A biosynthesis and required for pathogenesis. Symptoms were significantly reduced following inoculation with LBUM223 but not its mutant. Surprisingly, pathogen populations increased in the geocaulosphere in the presence of both wild-type and mutant strains of LBUM223; however, significant repression of txtA expression in S. scabies was only observed in the presence of PCA-producing LBUM223, not its mutant. These results suggest that, under soil conditions, PCA production by LBUM223 does not control common scab development by antibiosis but, instead, reduces S. scabies thaxtomin A production in the geocaulosphere, leading to reduced virulence.

scholarly journals Microbial Communities Associated with Potato Common Scab-Suppressive Soil Determined by Pyrosequencing Analyses

Plant Disease ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 96 (5) ◽  
pp. 718-725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noah Rosenzweig ◽  
James M. Tiedje ◽  
John F. Quensen ◽  
Qingxiao Meng ◽  
Jianjun J. Hao
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Disease Suppression ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Suppressive Soil ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Potato Common Scab ◽  
Order Of Magnitude ◽  
Disease Suppressive Soil ◽  
Conducive Soil

Potato common scab, caused by Streptomyces spp., is an annual production problem for potato growers, and not effectively controlled by current methods. A field with naturally occurring common scab suppression has been identified in Michigan, and confirmed to have a biological basis for this disease suppression. This field and an adjacent scab nursery conducive to disease were studied using pyrosequencing to compare the two microbial communities. Total DNA was extracted from both the disease-conducive and -suppressive soils. A phylogenetically taxon-informative region of the 16S rRNA gene was used to establish operational taxonomic units (OTUs) to characterize bacterial community richness and diversity. In total, 1,124 OTUs were detected and 565 OTUs (10% dissimilarity) were identified in disease-conducive soil and 859 in disease-suppressive soil, including 300 shared both between sites. Common phyla based on relative sequence abundance were Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria, and Firmicutes. Sequences of Lysobacter were found in significantly higher numbers in the disease-suppressive soil, as were sequences of group 4 and group 6 Acidobacteria. The relative abundance of sequences identified as the genus Bacillus was significantly higher by an order of magnitude in the disease-conducive soil.

Management of common scab of potato using planting and harvest dates

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-189 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Waterer
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Tuberosum ◽  
Disease Management ◽  
Common Scab ◽  
Potato Scab ◽  
Streptomyces Species ◽  
Early Planting ◽  
Streptomyces Spp ◽  
Harvest Dates ◽  
Tuber Grade ◽  
Cropping Seasons

The influences of planting and harvest dates on yields and grade-out due to tuber damage by common scab (Streptomyces spp.) were evaluated over three cropping seasons using two cultivars of potato (Solanum tuberosum) grown on land heavily infested with pathogenic Streptomyces species. Early planting and delaying the harvest enhanced yields in both cultivars, but also increased tuber grade-out due to excessive levels of scab. Delaying the harvest reduced marketable yields more than did early planting. The longer harvest was delayed after top-kill, the greater was the grade out due to scab. Increased losses to scab exceeded any increase in tuber yields obtained by delaying harvest. This study demonstrates that common scab of potato may be managed by minimizing the period the crop is in the ground, but that this method of disease management is achieved at the expense of yields. Early planting coupled with timely harvesting after kill-down of the tops appears to be an effective compromise between the objectives of maximizing yields while avoiding excessive grade-out due to common scab. Key words: Potato scab, Streptomyces scabies, Solanum tuberosum, agronomy

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document