Small Stream Channels and their Riparian Zones / [Les petits cours d'eau éphémères et intermittents et leurs zones riveraines]

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. i-i
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Small Stream

Progress towards understanding the structure, function, and ecological significance of small stream channels and their riparian zones

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1349-1351 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Dan Moore ◽  
John S Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Riparian Vegetation ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Ecological Functions ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
University Of British Columbia ◽  
Forestry Practices ◽  
Small Streams ◽  
The University ◽  
Selection Of

Incomplete knowledge of the ecological functions of small streams and their riparian zones, particularly their roles in larger watershed and landscape contexts, contributes to confusion and debate about the levels of riparian vegetation retention required along small streams for the purpose of protecting aquatic ecosystems, riparian wildlife, and water quality. As a consequence, there are marked differences in riparian forestry practices and management among jurisdictions throughout North America. To aid in resolving these issues, a symposium on small streams and their riparian zones was held at The University of British Columbia from 19 to 21 February 2002, which brought together scientists, managers, and practitioners and provided a forum for the presentation and discussion of emerging research results. This special issue includes a selection of papers presented at that symposium as well as one solicited paper.

Landscape Influences on Stream Habitats and Biological Assemblages

2006 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Landscape Scale ◽  
Riparian Zones ◽  
Total Abundance ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Urban Centers ◽  
Explanatory Variables ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Abundance And Distribution ◽  
Shallow Stream ◽  
Agricultural Regions

<em>Abstract.</em>—Wood is an important component of small to medium-sized streams in forested regions, but has been poorly studied in agricultural areas. Our goals were to (1) characterize the abundance, size, and distribution of wood in low-gradient streams in two agricultural regions, (2) quantify the influence of reach- and landscape-scale factors on the abundance and distribution of wood in these streams, and (3) compare trends across two study areas. Wood abundance was quantified in stream reaches in two diverse agricultural regions of the Midwestern United States: central Michigan and southeastern Minnesota. Wood abundance was quantified in 71 stream reaches, and an array of channel, riparian zone, and landscape features were characterized. Multiple regressions were conducted to predict abundance from those explanatory variables. We found that large wood was relatively scarce in these low-gradient streams compared to low-gradient streams in forested regions. Mean log size was greater, but total abundance was lower in Minnesota than Michigan. In Minnesota, greatest wood abundance and greatest extent of accumulations were predicted in wide, shallow stream channels with high substrate heterogeneity and woody riparian vegetation overhanging the channel. Models were dominated by reach-scale variables. In Michigan, largest densities of wood and accumulations were associated with catchments in hilly regions containing urban centers, with low soil water capacity, wide, shallow stream channels, low coarse particular organic matter standing stocks, and woody riparian zones. Models contained both reach- and landscape-scale variables. Difference in the extent of agricultural and forest land use/cover between Michigan and Minnesota may explain the differences in the models predicting wood variables. Patterns in wood abundance and distribution in these Midwestern streams differ from those observed in high gradient regions, and in low-gradient streams within forested regions. This has important implications for ecosystem processes and management of headwater streams in agricultural regions.

scholarly journals Modeling suspended sediment sources and transport in the Ishikari River Basin, Japan using SPARROW

2014 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 11037-11069
Author(s):  
W. Duan ◽  
B. He ◽  
K. Takara ◽  
P. Luo ◽  
D. Nover ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Suspended Sediment ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Spatial Data ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Watershed Model ◽  
Agricultural Lands ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Natural Logarithm

Abstract. It is important to understand the mechanisms that control suspended sediment (SS) fate and transport in rivers as high suspended sediment loads have significant impacts on riverine hydroecology. In this study, the watershed model SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regression on Watershed Attributes) was applied to estimate the sources and transport of SS in surface waters of the Ishikari River Basin (14 330 km2), the largest watershed on Hokkaido Island, Japan. The final developed SPARROW model has four source variables (developing lands, forest lands, agricultural lands, and stream channels), three landscape delivery variables (slope, soil permeability, and precipitation), two in-stream loss coefficients including small stream (streams with drainage area < 200 km2), large stream, and reservoir attenuation. The model was calibrated using measurements of SS from 31 monitoring sites of mixed spatial data on topography, soils and stream hydrography. Calibration results explain approximately 95.96% (R2) of the spatial variability in the natural logarithm mean annual SS flux (kg km−2 yr−1) and display relatively small prediction errors at the 31 monitoring stations. Results show that developing-land is associated with the largest sediment yield at around 1006.27 kg km−2 yr−1, followed by agricultural-land (234.21 kg km−2 yr−1). Estimation of incremental yields shows that 35.11% comes from agricultural lands, 23.42% from forested lands, 22.91% from developing lands, and 18.56% from stream channels. The results of this study improve our understanding of sediments production and transportation in the Ishikari River Basin in general, which will benefit both the scientific and the management community in safeguarding water resources.

scholarly journals Permafrost Dynamics and Degradation in Polar Arctic From Satellite Radar Observations, Yamal Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kanayim Teshebaeva ◽  
Ko J. van Huissteden ◽  
Helmut Echtler ◽  
Alexander V. Puzanov ◽  
Dmitry N. Balykin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Continuous Process ◽  
Yamal Peninsula ◽  
Observation Data ◽  
Surface Dynamics ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Surface Features ◽  
Satellite Radar ◽  
Sar Imagery

We investigate permafrost surface features revealed from satellite radar data in the Siberian arctic at the Yamal peninsula. Surface dynamics analysis based on SRTM and TanDEM-X DEMs shows up to 2 m net loss of surface relief between 2000 and 2014 indicating a highly dynamic landscape. Surface features for the past 14 years reflect an increase in small stream channels and a number of new lakes that developed, likely caused by permafrost thaw. We used Sentinel-1 SAR imagery to measure permafrost surface changes. Owing to limited observation data we analyzed only 2 years. The InSAR time-series has detected surface displacements in three distinct spatial locations during 2017 and 2018. At these three locations, 60–120 mm/yr rates of seasonal surface permafrost changes are observed. Spatial location of seasonal ground displacements aligns well with lithology. One of them is located on marine sediments and is linked to anthropogenic impact on permafrost stability. Two other areas are located within alluvial sediments and are at the top of topographic elevated zones. We discuss the influence of the geologic environment and the potential effect of local upwelling of gas. These combined analyses of InSAR time-series with analysis of geomorphic features from DEMs present an important tool for continuous process monitoring of surface dynamics as part of a global warming risk assessment.

Invertebrate colonization of a newly constructed diversion channel in the Canadian Shield

2020 ◽  
Vol 77 (9) ◽  
pp. 1477-1486
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Chapelsky ◽  
Matthew M. Guzzo ◽  
Lee E. Hrenchuk ◽  
Paul J. Blanchfield
Keyword(s):  
Fish Habitat ◽  
First Year ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Bedrock Channel ◽  
Lake Outlet ◽  
Diversion Channel ◽  
Reference Stream ◽  
Natural Resource Development ◽  
Time Required

Construction of artificial channels to divert water is common in a variety of natural resource development projects; however, the length of time required for these stream channels to become productive fish habitat remains an understudied aspect. The creation of a bedrock channel (∼150 m) to drain a third-order boreal lake and its watershed (∼300 ha) offered the unique opportunity to study colonization by comparing habitat and invertebrate metrics with a reference stream. The amount of riparian vegetation on the banks of the diversion channel steadily increased, but remained much lower than the reference stream after 5 years. The channel was quickly colonized by benthic macroinvertebrates, which were of comparable abundance to the reference stream starting in the first year, and thereafter were greater in abundance. Taxa diversity and richness responded more slowly, becoming similar to the reference stream after 3 years. Results from this study suggest that newly created, lake-outlet channels can become productive small stream habitats in a relatively short time period (<5 years) in southern boreal regions.

scholarly journals An integrated approach for investigating geomorphic changes due to flash flooding in two small stream channels (Western Polish Carpathians)

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 100731
Author(s):  
Anna Bucała-Hrabia ◽  
Małgorzata Kijowska-Strugała ◽  
Tomasz Bryndal ◽  
Jarosław Cebulski ◽  
Krzysztof Kiszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Flash Flooding ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Polish Carpathians

scholarly journals Morphological and sedimentological responses of small stream channels to extreme rainfall and land use in the Darjeeling Himalayas

CATENA ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 188 ◽  
pp. 104444
Author(s):  
Paweł Prokop ◽  
Łukasz Wiejaczka ◽  
Subir Sarkar ◽  
Tomasz Bryndal ◽  
Anna Bucała-Hrabia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Extreme Rainfall ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Darjeeling Himalayas

Organic Debris and the Management of Small Stream Channels

1990 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald F. Potts ◽  
Bruce K. M. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Timber Harvest ◽  
Western Montana ◽  
Stream Channels ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Sediment Storage ◽  
Small Stream ◽  
Organic Debris ◽  
Ephemeral Channels ◽  
Streamside Management Zones ◽  
Longitudinal Profiles

Abstract Longitudinal profiles, riparian and in-channel debris loads, and sediment storage were measured in eight reaches of first- to third-order, snowmelt-dominated, intermittent, and perennial streams in western Montana. Low-order channels tended to concentrate debris. Organic matter providedover 60% of total sediment storage in all study reaches. We suggest that Streamside Management Zones (SMZs) be extended to include intermittent channels and possibly the lowest portions of ephemeral channels in anticipation of their activation. Predisturbance appraisal of downed woody fuelsin these SMZs is recommended to provide a target debris loading during site preparation, thus ensuring a steady-state supply of organic materials to maintain channel stabdity following timber harvest. West. J. Appl. For. 5(1):25-28.

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